diff --git a/changelog.md b/changelog.md
index 9dba05e..d499deb 100644
--- a/changelog.md
+++ b/changelog.md
@@ -1,5 +1,15 @@
 # Changelog
 
+## 2026-01-10 - 3.0.0 - BREAKING CHANGE(devicemanager)
+migrate tests to new UniversalDevice/feature-based API, add device factories, SNMP protocol/feature and IP helper utilities
+
+- Replace protocol-specific device classes (Scanner, Printer) with UniversalDevice and feature objects (ScanFeature, PrintFeature, PlaybackFeature, VolumeFeature, PowerFeature, SnmpFeature)
+- Add device factory functions: createScanner, createPrinter, createSpeaker, createUpsDevice
+- Add DeviceManager.getDevices selector and updated selectDevice behavior (throws when no match)
+- Expose SnmpProtocol and other protocol implementations
+- Introduce IP helper utilities: isValidIp, cidrToIps, getLocalSubnet
+- Update tests and logging to use feature-based APIs and factories (selectFeature/getFeature, hasFeature, featureCount)
+
 ## 2026-01-09 - 2.3.1 - fix(readme)
 update README to comprehensive, TypeScript-first documentation covering installation, quick start, examples, API usage, events, error handling, requirements, credits, and legal/company information
 
diff --git a/test/test.ts b/test/test.ts
index 64b0122..39797d0 100644
--- a/test/test.ts
+++ b/test/test.ts
@@ -1,26 +1,40 @@
 import { expect, tap } from '@git.zone/tstest/tapbundle';
 import * as devicemanager from '../ts/index.js';
 
-// Test imports
+// Test core exports
 tap.test('should export DeviceManager', async () => {
   expect(devicemanager.DeviceManager).toBeDefined();
   expect(typeof devicemanager.DeviceManager).toEqual('function');
 });
 
-tap.test('should export Scanner', async () => {
-  expect(devicemanager.Scanner).toBeDefined();
-  expect(typeof devicemanager.Scanner).toEqual('function');
+tap.test('should export UniversalDevice', async () => {
+  expect(devicemanager.UniversalDevice).toBeDefined();
+  expect(typeof devicemanager.UniversalDevice).toEqual('function');
 });
 
-tap.test('should export Printer', async () => {
-  expect(devicemanager.Printer).toBeDefined();
-  expect(typeof devicemanager.Printer).toEqual('function');
+tap.test('should export Features', async () => {
+  expect(devicemanager.ScanFeature).toBeDefined();
+  expect(devicemanager.PrintFeature).toBeDefined();
+  expect(devicemanager.PlaybackFeature).toBeDefined();
+  expect(devicemanager.VolumeFeature).toBeDefined();
+  expect(devicemanager.PowerFeature).toBeDefined();
+  expect(devicemanager.SnmpFeature).toBeDefined();
+});
+
+tap.test('should export device factories', async () => {
+  expect(devicemanager.createScanner).toBeDefined();
+  expect(devicemanager.createPrinter).toBeDefined();
+  expect(devicemanager.createSpeaker).toBeDefined();
+  expect(devicemanager.createUpsDevice).toBeDefined();
+  expect(typeof devicemanager.createScanner).toEqual('function');
+  expect(typeof devicemanager.createPrinter).toEqual('function');
 });
 
 tap.test('should export protocol implementations', async () => {
   expect(devicemanager.EsclProtocol).toBeDefined();
   expect(devicemanager.SaneProtocol).toBeDefined();
   expect(devicemanager.IppProtocol).toBeDefined();
+  expect(devicemanager.SnmpProtocol).toBeDefined();
 });
 
 tap.test('should export retry helpers', async () => {
@@ -39,6 +53,28 @@ tap.test('should create DeviceManager instance', async () => {
   expect(dm.isDiscovering).toEqual(false);
   expect(dm.getScanners()).toEqual([]);
   expect(dm.getPrinters()).toEqual([]);
+  expect(dm.getDevices()).toEqual([]);
+});
+
+// Test device selector
+tap.test('should support device selection with IDeviceSelector', async () => {
+  const dm = new devicemanager.DeviceManager({
+    autoDiscovery: false,
+  });
+
+  // Empty manager should return empty array
+  expect(dm.getDevices({ hasFeature: 'scan' })).toEqual([]);
+  expect(dm.getDevices({ name: 'Test' })).toEqual([]);
+
+  // selectDevice should throw when no devices match
+  let error: Error | null = null;
+  try {
+    dm.selectDevice({ address: '192.168.1.100' });
+  } catch (e) {
+    error = e as Error;
+  }
+  expect(error).not.toBeNull();
+  expect(error?.message).toContain('No device found');
 });
 
 // Test retry helper
@@ -114,17 +150,18 @@ tap.test('should start and stop discovery', async () => {
   // Wait a bit for potential device discovery
   await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 2000));
 
-  // Log discovered devices
-  const scanners = dm.getScanners();
-  const printers = dm.getPrinters();
+  // Log discovered devices using new API
+  const scanners = dm.getDevices({ hasFeature: 'scan' });
+  const printers = dm.getDevices({ hasFeature: 'print' });
   console.log(`Discovered ${scanners.length} scanner(s) and ${printers.length} printer(s)`);
 
   for (const scanner of scanners) {
-    console.log(`  Scanner: ${scanner.name} (${scanner.address}:${scanner.port}) - ${scanner.protocol}`);
+    const scanFeature = scanner.getFeature<devicemanager.ScanFeature>('scan');
+    console.log(`  Scanner: ${scanner.name} (${scanner.address}) - ${scanFeature?.protocol || 'unknown'}`);
   }
 
   for (const printer of printers) {
-    console.log(`  Printer: ${printer.name} (${printer.address}:${printer.port})`);
+    console.log(`  Printer: ${printer.name} (${printer.address})`);
   }
 
   await dm.stopDiscovery();
@@ -134,9 +171,9 @@ tap.test('should start and stop discovery', async () => {
   await dm.shutdown();
 });
 
-// Test Scanner creation from discovery info
-tap.test('should create Scanner from discovery info', async () => {
-  const scanner = devicemanager.Scanner.fromDiscovery({
+// Test Scanner creation using factory
+tap.test('should create Scanner device using factory', async () => {
+  const scanner = devicemanager.createScanner({
     id: 'test:scanner:1',
     name: 'Test Scanner',
     address: '192.168.1.100',
@@ -150,40 +187,75 @@ tap.test('should create Scanner from discovery info', async () => {
     },
   });
 
+  expect(scanner).toBeInstanceOf(devicemanager.UniversalDevice);
   expect(scanner.name).toEqual('Test Scanner');
   expect(scanner.address).toEqual('192.168.1.100');
-  expect(scanner.port).toEqual(443);
-  expect(scanner.protocol).toEqual('escl');
-  expect(scanner.supportedFormats).toContain('jpeg');
-  expect(scanner.supportedFormats).toContain('pdf');
-  expect(scanner.supportedColorModes).toContain('color');
-  expect(scanner.supportedColorModes).toContain('grayscale');
-  expect(scanner.supportedSources).toContain('flatbed');
-  expect(scanner.supportedSources).toContain('adf');
-  expect(scanner.hasAdf).toEqual(true);
+  expect(scanner.hasFeature('scan')).toEqual(true);
+
+  const scanFeature = scanner.selectFeature<devicemanager.ScanFeature>('scan');
+  expect(scanFeature).toBeInstanceOf(devicemanager.ScanFeature);
+  expect(scanFeature.protocol).toEqual('escl');
 });
 
-// Test Printer creation from discovery info
-tap.test('should create Printer from discovery info', async () => {
-  const printer = devicemanager.Printer.fromDiscovery({
+// Test Printer creation using factory
+tap.test('should create Printer device using factory', async () => {
+  const printer = devicemanager.createPrinter({
     id: 'test:printer:1',
     name: 'Test Printer',
     address: '192.168.1.101',
     port: 631,
+    ippPath: '/ipp/print',
     txtRecords: {
       'ty': 'Brother HL-L2350DW',
-      'rp': 'ipp/print',
       'Color': 'T',
       'Duplex': 'T',
     },
   });
 
+  expect(printer).toBeInstanceOf(devicemanager.UniversalDevice);
   expect(printer.name).toEqual('Test Printer');
   expect(printer.address).toEqual('192.168.1.101');
-  expect(printer.port).toEqual(631);
-  expect(printer.supportsColor).toEqual(true);
-  expect(printer.supportsDuplex).toEqual(true);
-  expect(printer.uri).toContain('ipp://');
+  expect(printer.hasFeature('print')).toEqual(true);
+
+  const printFeature = printer.selectFeature<devicemanager.PrintFeature>('print');
+  expect(printFeature).toBeInstanceOf(devicemanager.PrintFeature);
+});
+
+// Test UniversalDevice feature management
+tap.test('should manage features on UniversalDevice', async () => {
+  const device = new devicemanager.UniversalDevice('192.168.1.50', 80, {
+    name: 'Test Device',
+  });
+
+  expect(device.name).toEqual('Test Device');
+  expect(device.address).toEqual('192.168.1.50');
+  expect(device.featureCount).toEqual(0);
+  expect(device.hasFeature('scan')).toEqual(false);
+
+  // selectFeature should throw when feature doesn't exist
+  let error: Error | null = null;
+  try {
+    device.selectFeature('scan');
+  } catch (e) {
+    error = e as Error;
+  }
+  expect(error).not.toBeNull();
+  expect(error?.message).toContain("does not have feature 'scan'");
+
+  // getFeature should return undefined
+  expect(device.getFeature('scan')).toBeUndefined();
+});
+
+// Test IP helpers
+tap.test('should export IP helper utilities', async () => {
+  expect(devicemanager.isValidIp).toBeDefined();
+  expect(devicemanager.cidrToIps).toBeDefined();
+  expect(devicemanager.getLocalSubnet).toBeDefined();
+
+  // Test isValidIp
+  expect(devicemanager.isValidIp('192.168.1.1')).toEqual(true);
+  expect(devicemanager.isValidIp('invalid')).toEqual(false);
+  expect(devicemanager.isValidIp('256.1.1.1')).toEqual(false);
 });
 
 export default tap.start();
diff --git a/ts/00_commitinfo_data.ts b/ts/00_commitinfo_data.ts
index f480320..1a26208 100644
--- a/ts/00_commitinfo_data.ts
+++ b/ts/00_commitinfo_data.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,6 @@
  */
 export const commitinfo = {
   name: '@ecobridge.xyz/devicemanager',
-  version: '2.3.1',
+  version: '3.0.0',
   description: 'a device manager for talking to devices on network and over usb'
 }