diff --git a/changelog.md b/changelog.md
index 0ebcf07..ac690b3 100644
--- a/changelog.md
+++ b/changelog.md
@@ -1,5 +1,12 @@
 # Changelog
 
+## 2025-07-24 - 2.3.2 - fix(tapbundle)
+Fix TypeScript IDE warning about tapTools parameter possibly being undefined
+
+- Changed ITestFunction from interface with optional parameter to union type
+- Updated test runner to handle both function signatures (with and without tapTools)
+- Resolves IDE warnings while maintaining backward compatibility
+
 ## 2025-05-26 - 2.3.1 - fix(tapParser/logger)
 Fix test duration reporting and summary formatting in TAP parser and logger
 
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 4e7386b..92896a6 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@git.zone/tstest",
-  "version": "2.3.1",
+  "version": "2.3.2",
   "private": false,
   "description": "a test utility to run tests that match test/**/*.ts",
   "exports": {
diff --git a/ts_tapbundle/tapbundle.classes.taptest.ts b/ts_tapbundle/tapbundle.classes.taptest.ts
index b9b20b5..c946bcf 100644
--- a/ts_tapbundle/tapbundle.classes.taptest.ts
+++ b/ts_tapbundle/tapbundle.classes.taptest.ts
@@ -11,9 +11,9 @@ import { HrtMeasurement } from '@push.rocks/smarttime';
 // interfaces
 export type TTestStatus = 'success' | 'error' | 'pending' | 'errorAfterSuccess' | 'timeout' | 'skipped';
 
-export interface ITestFunction<T> {
-  (tapTools?: TapTools): Promise<T>;
-}
+export type ITestFunction<T> = 
+  | ((tapTools: TapTools) => Promise<T>)
+  | (() => Promise<T>);
 
 export class TapTest<T = unknown> {
   public description: string;
@@ -173,7 +173,9 @@ export class TapTest<T = unknown> {
         }
         
         // Run the test function with potential timeout
-        const testPromise = this.testFunction(this.tapTools);
+        const testPromise = this.testFunction.length === 0 
+          ? (this.testFunction as () => Promise<T>)()
+          : (this.testFunction as (tapTools: TapTools) => Promise<T>)(this.tapTools);
         const testReturnValue = timeoutPromise 
           ? await Promise.race([testPromise, timeoutPromise])
           : await testPromise;