import * as plugins from './plugins.js';
import { NetworkProxy } from './classes.networkproxy.js';

/** Domain configuration with per-domain allowed port ranges */
export interface IDomainConfig {
  domains: string[]; // Glob patterns for domain(s)
  allowedIPs: string[]; // Glob patterns for allowed IPs
  blockedIPs?: string[]; // Glob patterns for blocked IPs
  targetIPs?: string[]; // If multiple targetIPs are given, use round robin.
  portRanges?: Array<{ from: number; to: number }>; // Optional port ranges
  // Allow domain-specific timeout override
  connectionTimeout?: number; // Connection timeout override (ms)

  // New properties for NetworkProxy integration
  useNetworkProxy?: boolean; // When true, forwards TLS connections to NetworkProxy
  networkProxyIndex?: number; // Optional index to specify which NetworkProxy to use (defaults to 0)
}

/** 
 * Port proxy settings including global allowed port ranges
 * 
 * NOTE: In version 3.31.0+, timeout settings have been simplified and hardcoded with sensible defaults
 * to ensure TLS certificate safety in all deployment scenarios, especially chained proxies.
 */
export interface IPortProxySettings extends plugins.tls.TlsOptions {
  fromPort: number;
  toPort: number;
  targetIP?: string; // Global target host to proxy to, defaults to 'localhost'
  domainConfigs: IDomainConfig[];
  sniEnabled?: boolean;
  defaultAllowedIPs?: string[];
  defaultBlockedIPs?: string[];
  preserveSourceIP?: boolean;

  // Simplified timeout settings
  gracefulShutdownTimeout?: number; // (ms) maximum time to wait for connections to close during shutdown
  
  // Ranged port settings
  globalPortRanges: Array<{ from: number; to: number }>; // Global allowed port ranges
  forwardAllGlobalRanges?: boolean; // When true, forwards all connections on global port ranges to the global targetIP

  // Socket optimization settings
  noDelay?: boolean; // Disable Nagle's algorithm (default: true)
  keepAlive?: boolean; // Enable TCP keepalive (default: true)
  keepAliveInitialDelay?: number; // Initial delay before sending keepalive probes (ms)
  maxPendingDataSize?: number; // Maximum bytes to buffer during connection setup

  // Logging settings
  enableDetailedLogging?: boolean; // Enable detailed connection logging
  enableTlsDebugLogging?: boolean; // Enable TLS handshake debug logging
  enableRandomizedTimeouts?: boolean; // Randomize timeouts slightly to prevent thundering herd

  // Rate limiting and security
  maxConnectionsPerIP?: number; // Maximum simultaneous connections from a single IP
  connectionRateLimitPerMinute?: number; // Max new connections per minute from a single IP

  // NetworkProxy integration
  networkProxies?: NetworkProxy[]; // Array of NetworkProxy instances to use for TLS termination
  
  // New settings for chained proxy configurations and TLS handling
  isChainedProxy?: boolean;  // Whether this proxy is part of a proxy chain (detected automatically if unspecified)
  chainPosition?: 'first' | 'middle' | 'last'; // Position in the proxy chain (affects TLS handling)
  aggressiveTlsRefresh?: boolean; // Use more aggressive TLS refresh timeouts (default: true for chained)
  
  // TLS session cache configuration
  tlsSessionCache?: {
    enabled?: boolean;     // Whether to use the TLS session cache (default: true)
    maxEntries?: number;   // Maximum cache entries (default: 10000)
    expiryTime?: number;   // Session expiry time in ms (default: 24h)
    cleanupInterval?: number; // Cache cleanup interval in ms (default: 10min)
  };
}

/**
 * Enhanced connection record
 */
interface IConnectionRecord {
  id: string; // Unique connection identifier
  incoming: plugins.net.Socket;
  outgoing: plugins.net.Socket | null;
  incomingStartTime: number;
  outgoingStartTime?: number;
  outgoingClosedTime?: number;
  lockedDomain?: string; // Used to lock this connection to the initial SNI
  connectionClosed: boolean; // Flag to prevent multiple cleanup attempts
  cleanupTimer?: NodeJS.Timeout; // Timer for max lifetime/inactivity
  lastActivity: number; // Last activity timestamp for inactivity detection
  pendingData: Buffer[]; // Buffer to hold data during connection setup
  pendingDataSize: number; // Track total size of pending data

  // Enhanced tracking fields
  bytesReceived: number; // Total bytes received
  bytesSent: number; // Total bytes sent
  remoteIP: string; // Remote IP (cached for logging after socket close)
  localPort: number; // Local port (cached for logging)
  isTLS: boolean; // Whether this connection is a TLS connection
  tlsHandshakeComplete: boolean; // Whether the TLS handshake is complete
  hasReceivedInitialData: boolean; // Whether initial data has been received
  domainConfig?: IDomainConfig; // Associated domain config for this connection

  // Keep-alive tracking
  hasKeepAlive: boolean; // Whether keep-alive is enabled for this connection
  incomingKeepAliveEnabled?: boolean; // Whether keep-alive is enabled on incoming socket
  outgoingKeepAliveEnabled?: boolean; // Whether keep-alive is enabled on outgoing socket
  inactivityWarningIssued?: boolean; // Whether an inactivity warning has been issued
  incomingTerminationReason?: string | null; // Reason for incoming termination
  outgoingTerminationReason?: string | null; // Reason for outgoing termination

  // New field for NetworkProxy tracking
  usingNetworkProxy?: boolean; // Whether this connection is using a NetworkProxy
  networkProxyIndex?: number; // Which NetworkProxy instance is being used

  // Sleep detection fields
  possibleSystemSleep?: boolean; // Flag to indicate a possible system sleep was detected
  lastSleepDetection?: number; // Timestamp of the last sleep detection
}

/**
 * Structure to track TLS session information for proper resumption handling
 */
interface ITlsSessionInfo {
  domain: string;         // The SNI domain associated with this session
  sessionId?: Buffer;     // The TLS session ID (if available)
  ticketId?: string;      // Session ticket identifier for newer TLS versions
  ticketTimestamp: number; // When this session was recorded
  lastAccessed?: number;  // When this session was last accessed
  accessCount?: number;   // How many times this session has been used
}

/**
 * Configuration for TLS session cache
 */
interface ITlsSessionCacheConfig {
  maxEntries: number;        // Maximum number of entries to keep in the cache
  expiryTime: number;        // Time in ms before sessions expire (default: 24 hours)
  cleanupInterval: number;   // Interval in ms to run cleanup (default: 10 minutes)
  enabled: boolean;          // Whether session caching is enabled
}

// Default configuration for session cache with relaxed timeouts
const DEFAULT_SESSION_CACHE_CONFIG: ITlsSessionCacheConfig = {
  maxEntries: 20000,          // Default max 20,000 entries (doubled)
  expiryTime: 7 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000, // 7 days default (increased from 24 hours)
  cleanupInterval: 30 * 60 * 1000, // Clean up every 30 minutes (relaxed from 10 minutes)
  enabled: true               // Enabled by default
};

// Enhanced TLS session cache with size limits and better performance
class TlsSessionCache {
  private cache = new Map<string, ITlsSessionInfo>();
  private config: ITlsSessionCacheConfig;
  private cleanupTimer: NodeJS.Timeout | null = null;
  private lastCleanupTime: number = 0;
  private cacheStats = {
    hits: 0,
    misses: 0,
    expirations: 0,
    evictions: 0,
    total: 0
  };

  constructor(config?: Partial<ITlsSessionCacheConfig>) {
    this.config = { ...DEFAULT_SESSION_CACHE_CONFIG, ...config };
    this.startCleanupTimer();
  }

  /**
   * Get a session from the cache
   */
  public get(key: string): ITlsSessionInfo | undefined {
    // Skip if cache is disabled
    if (!this.config.enabled) return undefined;

    const entry = this.cache.get(key);
    
    if (entry) {
      // Update access information
      entry.lastAccessed = Date.now();
      entry.accessCount = (entry.accessCount || 0) + 1;
      this.cache.set(key, entry);
      this.cacheStats.hits++;
      return entry;
    }
    
    this.cacheStats.misses++;
    return undefined;
  }

  /**
   * Check if the cache has a key
   */
  public has(key: string): boolean {
    // Skip if cache is disabled
    if (!this.config.enabled) return false;
    
    const exists = this.cache.has(key);
    if (exists) {
      const entry = this.cache.get(key)!;
      
      // Check if entry has expired
      if (Date.now() - entry.ticketTimestamp > this.config.expiryTime) {
        this.cache.delete(key);
        this.cacheStats.expirations++;
        return false;
      }
      
      // Update last accessed time
      entry.lastAccessed = Date.now();
      this.cache.set(key, entry);
    }
    
    return exists;
  }

  /**
   * Set a session in the cache
   */
  public set(key: string, value: ITlsSessionInfo): void {
    // Skip if cache is disabled
    if (!this.config.enabled) return;
    
    // Ensure timestamps are set
    const entry = {
      ...value,
      lastAccessed: Date.now(),
      accessCount: 0
    };

    // Check if we need to evict entries
    if (!this.cache.has(key) && this.cache.size >= this.config.maxEntries) {
      this.evictOldest();
    }

    this.cache.set(key, entry);
    this.cacheStats.total = this.cache.size;
    
    // Run cleanup if it's been a while
    const timeSinceCleanup = Date.now() - this.lastCleanupTime;
    if (timeSinceCleanup > this.config.cleanupInterval * 2) {
      this.cleanup();
    }
  }

  /**
   * Delete a session from the cache
   */
  public delete(key: string): boolean {
    return this.cache.delete(key);
  }

  /**
   * Clear the entire cache
   */
  public clear(): void {
    this.cache.clear();
    this.cacheStats.total = 0;
  }

  /**
   * Get cache statistics
   */
  public getStats(): any {
    return {
      ...this.cacheStats,
      size: this.cache.size,
      enabled: this.config.enabled,
      maxEntries: this.config.maxEntries,
      expiryTimeHours: this.config.expiryTime / (60 * 60 * 1000)
    };
  }

  /**
   * Update cache configuration
   */
  public updateConfig(config: Partial<ITlsSessionCacheConfig>): void {
    this.config = { ...this.config, ...config };
    
    // Restart the cleanup timer with new interval
    this.startCleanupTimer();
    
    // Run immediate cleanup if max entries was reduced
    if (config.maxEntries && this.cache.size > config.maxEntries) {
      while (this.cache.size > config.maxEntries) {
        this.evictOldest();
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * Start the cleanup timer
   */
  private startCleanupTimer(): void {
    if (this.cleanupTimer) {
      clearInterval(this.cleanupTimer);
      this.cleanupTimer = null;
    }
    
    if (!this.config.enabled) return;
    
    this.cleanupTimer = setInterval(() => {
      this.cleanup();
    }, this.config.cleanupInterval);
    
    // Make sure the interval doesn't keep the process alive
    if (this.cleanupTimer.unref) {
      this.cleanupTimer.unref();
    }
  }

  /**
   * Clean up expired entries
   */
  private cleanup(): void {
    this.lastCleanupTime = Date.now();
    
    const now = Date.now();
    let expiredCount = 0;
    
    for (const [key, info] of this.cache.entries()) {
      if (now - info.ticketTimestamp > this.config.expiryTime) {
        this.cache.delete(key);
        expiredCount++;
      }
    }
    
    if (expiredCount > 0) {
      this.cacheStats.expirations += expiredCount;
      this.cacheStats.total = this.cache.size;
      console.log(`TLS Session Cache: Cleaned up ${expiredCount} expired entries. ${this.cache.size} entries remaining.`);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Evict the oldest entries when cache is full
   */
  private evictOldest(): void {
    if (this.cache.size === 0) return;
    
    let oldestKey: string | null = null;
    let oldestTime = Date.now();
    
    // Strategy: Find least recently accessed entry
    for (const [key, info] of this.cache.entries()) {
      const lastAccess = info.lastAccessed || info.ticketTimestamp;
      if (lastAccess < oldestTime) {
        oldestTime = lastAccess;
        oldestKey = key;
      }
    }
    
    if (oldestKey) {
      this.cache.delete(oldestKey);
      this.cacheStats.evictions++;
    }
  }

  /**
   * Stop cleanup timer (used during shutdown)
   */
  public stop(): void {
    if (this.cleanupTimer) {
      clearInterval(this.cleanupTimer);
      this.cleanupTimer = null;
    }
  }
}

// Create the global session cache
const tlsSessionCache = new TlsSessionCache();

// Legacy function for backward compatibility
function stopSessionCleanupTimer() {
  tlsSessionCache.stop();
}

/**
 * Return type for the extractSNIInfo function
 */
interface ISNIExtractResult {
  serverName?: string;      // The extracted SNI hostname
  sessionId?: Buffer;       // The TLS session ID if present
  sessionIdKey?: string;    // The hex string representation of session ID
  sessionTicketId?: string; // Session ticket identifier for TLS 1.3+ resumption
  hasSessionTicket?: boolean; // Whether a session ticket extension was found
  isResumption: boolean;    // Whether this appears to be a session resumption
  resumedDomain?: string;   // The domain associated with the session if resuming
  partialExtract?: boolean; // Whether this was only a partial extraction (more data needed)
  recordsExamined?: number; // Number of TLS records examined in the buffer
  multipleRecords?: boolean; // Whether multiple TLS records were found in the buffer
}

/**
 * Extracts the SNI (Server Name Indication) from a TLS ClientHello packet.
 * Enhanced for robustness and detailed logging.
 * Also extracts and tracks TLS Session IDs for session resumption handling.
 * 
 * Improved to handle:
 * - Multiple TLS records in a single buffer
 * - Fragmented TLS handshakes across multiple records
 * - Partial TLS records that may continue in future chunks
 * 
 * @param buffer - Buffer containing the TLS ClientHello.
 * @param enableLogging - Whether to enable detailed logging.
 * @returns An object containing SNI and session information, or undefined if parsing fails.
 */
function extractSNIInfo(buffer: Buffer, enableLogging: boolean = false): ISNIExtractResult | undefined {
  try {
    // Check if buffer is too small for TLS
    if (buffer.length < 5) {
      if (enableLogging) console.log('Buffer too small for TLS header');
      return { 
        isResumption: false,
        partialExtract: true  // Indicating we need more data
      };
    }

    // Check first record type (has to be handshake - 22)
    const recordType = buffer.readUInt8(0);
    if (recordType !== 22) {
      if (enableLogging) console.log(`Not a TLS handshake. Record type: ${recordType}`);
      return undefined;
    }

    // Track multiple records and total records examined
    let recordsExamined = 0;
    let multipleRecords = false;
    let currentPosition = 0;
    let result: ISNIExtractResult | undefined;

    // Process potentially multiple TLS records in the buffer
    while (currentPosition + 5 <= buffer.length) {
      recordsExamined++;
      
      // Read record header
      const currentRecordType = buffer.readUInt8(currentPosition);
      
      // Only process handshake records (type 22)
      if (currentRecordType !== 22) {
        if (enableLogging) console.log(`Skipping non-handshake record at position ${currentPosition}, type: ${currentRecordType}`);
        
        // Move to next potential record
        if (currentPosition + 5 <= buffer.length) {
          // Need at least 5 bytes to determine next record length
          const nextRecordLength = buffer.readUInt16BE(currentPosition + 3);
          currentPosition += 5 + nextRecordLength;
          multipleRecords = true;
          continue;
        } else {
          // Not enough data to determine next record
          break;
        }
      }
      
      // Check TLS version
      const majorVersion = buffer.readUInt8(currentPosition + 1);
      const minorVersion = buffer.readUInt8(currentPosition + 2);
      if (enableLogging) console.log(`TLS Version: ${majorVersion}.${minorVersion} at position ${currentPosition}`);
      
      // Get record length
      const recordLength = buffer.readUInt16BE(currentPosition + 3);
      
      // Check if we have the complete record
      if (currentPosition + 5 + recordLength > buffer.length) {
        if (enableLogging) {
          console.log(`Incomplete TLS record at position ${currentPosition}. Expected: ${currentPosition + 5 + recordLength}, Got: ${buffer.length}`);
        }
        
        // Return partial info and signal that more data is needed
        return {
          isResumption: false,
          partialExtract: true,
          recordsExamined,
          multipleRecords
        };
      }
      
      // Process this record - extract handshake information
      const recordResult = extractSNIFromRecord(
        buffer.slice(currentPosition, currentPosition + 5 + recordLength),
        enableLogging
      );
      
      // If we found SNI or session info in this record, store it
      if (recordResult && (recordResult.serverName || recordResult.isResumption)) {
        result = recordResult;
        result.recordsExamined = recordsExamined;
        result.multipleRecords = multipleRecords;
        
        // Once we've found SNI or session resumption info, we can stop processing
        // But we'll still set the multipleRecords flag to indicate more records exist
        if (currentPosition + 5 + recordLength < buffer.length) {
          result.multipleRecords = true;
        }
        
        break;
      }
      
      // Move to the next record
      currentPosition += 5 + recordLength;
      
      // Set the flag if we've processed multiple records
      if (currentPosition < buffer.length) {
        multipleRecords = true;
      }
    }
    
    // If we processed records but didn't find SNI or session info
    if (recordsExamined > 0 && !result) {
      return {
        isResumption: false,
        recordsExamined,
        multipleRecords
      };
    }
    
    return result;
  } catch (err) {
    console.log(`Error extracting SNI: ${err}`);
    return undefined;
  }
}

/**
 * Extracts SNI information from a single TLS record
 * This helper function processes a single complete TLS record
 */
function extractSNIFromRecord(recordBuffer: Buffer, enableLogging: boolean = false): ISNIExtractResult | undefined {
  try {
    // Skip the 5-byte TLS record header
    let offset = 5;
    
    // Verify this is a handshake message
    const handshakeType = recordBuffer.readUInt8(offset);
    if (handshakeType !== 1) {  // 1 = ClientHello
      if (enableLogging) console.log(`Not a ClientHello. Handshake type: ${handshakeType}`);
      return undefined;
    }
    
    // Skip the 4-byte handshake header (type + 3 bytes length)
    offset += 4;
    
    // Check if we have at least 38 more bytes for protocol version and random
    if (offset + 38 > recordBuffer.length) {
      if (enableLogging) console.log('Buffer too small for handshake header');
      return undefined;
    }
    
    // Client version
    const clientMajorVersion = recordBuffer.readUInt8(offset);
    const clientMinorVersion = recordBuffer.readUInt8(offset + 1);
    if (enableLogging) console.log(`Client Version: ${clientMajorVersion}.${clientMinorVersion}`);
    
    // Skip version and random (2 + 32 bytes)
    offset += 2 + 32;
    
    // Session ID
    if (offset + 1 > recordBuffer.length) {
      if (enableLogging) console.log('Buffer too small for session ID length');
      return undefined;
    }
    
    // Extract Session ID for session resumption tracking
    const sessionIDLength = recordBuffer.readUInt8(offset);
    if (enableLogging) console.log(`Session ID Length: ${sessionIDLength}`);
    
    // If there's a session ID, extract it
    let sessionId: Buffer | undefined;
    let sessionIdKey: string | undefined;
    let isResumption = false;
    let resumedDomain: string | undefined;
    
    if (sessionIDLength > 0) {
      if (offset + 1 + sessionIDLength > recordBuffer.length) {
        if (enableLogging) console.log('Buffer too small for session ID data');
        return undefined;
      }
      
      sessionId = Buffer.from(recordBuffer.slice(offset + 1, offset + 1 + sessionIDLength));
      
      // Convert sessionId to a string key for our cache
      sessionIdKey = sessionId.toString('hex');
      
      if (enableLogging) {
        console.log(`Session ID: ${sessionIdKey}`);
      }
      
      // Check if this is a session resumption attempt
      if (tlsSessionCache.has(sessionIdKey)) {
        const cachedInfo = tlsSessionCache.get(sessionIdKey)!;
        resumedDomain = cachedInfo.domain;
        isResumption = true;
        
        if (enableLogging) {
          console.log(`TLS Session Resumption detected for domain: ${resumedDomain}`);
        }
      }
    }
    
    offset += 1 + sessionIDLength; // Skip session ID length and data
    
    // Cipher suites
    if (offset + 2 > recordBuffer.length) {
      if (enableLogging) console.log('Buffer too small for cipher suites length');
      return undefined;
    }
    
    const cipherSuitesLength = recordBuffer.readUInt16BE(offset);
    if (enableLogging) console.log(`Cipher Suites Length: ${cipherSuitesLength}`);
    
    if (offset + 2 + cipherSuitesLength > recordBuffer.length) {
      if (enableLogging) console.log('Buffer too small for cipher suites data');
      return undefined;
    }
    
    offset += 2 + cipherSuitesLength; // Skip cipher suites length and data
    
    // Compression methods
    if (offset + 1 > recordBuffer.length) {
      if (enableLogging) console.log('Buffer too small for compression methods length');
      return undefined;
    }
    
    const compressionMethodsLength = recordBuffer.readUInt8(offset);
    if (enableLogging) console.log(`Compression Methods Length: ${compressionMethodsLength}`);
    
    if (offset + 1 + compressionMethodsLength > recordBuffer.length) {
      if (enableLogging) console.log('Buffer too small for compression methods data');
      return undefined;
    }
    
    offset += 1 + compressionMethodsLength; // Skip compression methods length and data
    
    // Check if we have extensions data
    if (offset + 2 > recordBuffer.length) {
      if (enableLogging) console.log('No extensions data found - end of ClientHello');
      
      // Even without SNI, we might be dealing with a session resumption
      if (isResumption && resumedDomain) {
        return {
          serverName: resumedDomain, // Use the domain from previous session
          sessionId,
          sessionIdKey,
          hasSessionTicket: false,
          isResumption: true,
          resumedDomain
        };
      }
      
      return {
        isResumption,
        sessionId,
        sessionIdKey
      };
    }
    
    // Extensions
    const extensionsLength = recordBuffer.readUInt16BE(offset);
    if (enableLogging) console.log(`Extensions Length: ${extensionsLength}`);
    
    offset += 2;
    const extensionsEnd = offset + extensionsLength;
    
    if (extensionsEnd > recordBuffer.length) {
      if (enableLogging) {
        console.log(`Buffer too small for extensions. Expected end: ${extensionsEnd}, Buffer length: ${recordBuffer.length}`);
      }
      
      // Even without complete extensions, we might be dealing with a session resumption
      if (isResumption && resumedDomain) {
        return {
          serverName: resumedDomain, // Use the domain from previous session
          sessionId,
          sessionIdKey,
          hasSessionTicket: false,
          isResumption: true,
          resumedDomain
        };
      }
      
      return {
        isResumption,
        sessionId,
        sessionIdKey,
        partialExtract: true // Indicating we have incomplete extensions data
      };
    }
    
    // Variables to track session tickets
    let hasSessionTicket = false;
    let sessionTicketId: string | undefined;
    
    // Parse extensions
    while (offset + 4 <= extensionsEnd) {
      const extensionType = recordBuffer.readUInt16BE(offset);
      const extensionLength = recordBuffer.readUInt16BE(offset + 2);
      
      if (enableLogging) {
        console.log(`Extension Type: 0x${extensionType.toString(16)}, Length: ${extensionLength}`);
      }
      
      if (offset + 4 + extensionLength > recordBuffer.length) {
        if (enableLogging) {
          console.log(`Extension data incomplete. Expected: ${offset + 4 + extensionLength}, Got: ${recordBuffer.length}`);
        }
        return {
          isResumption,
          sessionId,
          sessionIdKey,
          hasSessionTicket,
          partialExtract: true
        };
      }
      
      offset += 4;
      
      // Check for Session Ticket extension (type 0x0023)
      if (extensionType === 0x0023 && extensionLength > 0) {
        hasSessionTicket = true;
        
        // Extract a hash of the ticket for tracking
        if (extensionLength > 16) { // Ensure we have enough bytes to create a meaningful ID
          const ticketBytes = recordBuffer.slice(offset, offset + Math.min(16, extensionLength));
          sessionTicketId = ticketBytes.toString('hex');
          
          if (enableLogging) {
            console.log(`Session Ticket found, ID: ${sessionTicketId}`);
            
            // Check if this is a known session ticket
            if (tlsSessionCache.has(`ticket:${sessionTicketId}`)) {
              const cachedInfo = tlsSessionCache.get(`ticket:${sessionTicketId}`);
              console.log(`TLS Session Ticket Resumption detected for domain: ${cachedInfo?.domain}`);
              
              // Set isResumption and resumedDomain if not already set
              if (!isResumption && !resumedDomain) {
                isResumption = true;
                resumedDomain = cachedInfo?.domain;
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
      
      // Server Name Indication extension (type 0x0000)
      if (extensionType === 0x0000) {
        if (offset + 2 > recordBuffer.length) {
          if (enableLogging) console.log('Buffer too small for SNI list length');
          return {
            isResumption,
            sessionId,
            sessionIdKey,
            hasSessionTicket,
            partialExtract: true
          };
        }
        
        const sniListLength = recordBuffer.readUInt16BE(offset);
        if (enableLogging) console.log(`SNI List Length: ${sniListLength}`);
        
        offset += 2;
        const sniListEnd = offset + sniListLength;
        
        if (sniListEnd > recordBuffer.length) {
          if (enableLogging) {
            console.log(`Buffer too small for SNI list. Expected end: ${sniListEnd}, Buffer length: ${recordBuffer.length}`);
          }
          return {
            isResumption,
            sessionId,
            sessionIdKey,
            hasSessionTicket,
            partialExtract: true
          };
        }
        
        while (offset + 3 < sniListEnd) {
          const nameType = recordBuffer.readUInt8(offset++);
          
          if (offset + 2 > recordBuffer.length) {
            if (enableLogging) console.log('Buffer too small for SNI name length');
            return {
              isResumption,
              sessionId,
              sessionIdKey,
              hasSessionTicket,
              partialExtract: true
            };
          }
          
          const nameLen = recordBuffer.readUInt16BE(offset);
          offset += 2;
          
          if (enableLogging) console.log(`Name Type: ${nameType}, Name Length: ${nameLen}`);
          
          // Only process hostname entries (type 0)
          if (nameType === 0) {
            if (offset + nameLen > recordBuffer.length) {
              if (enableLogging) {
                console.log(`Buffer too small for hostname. Expected: ${offset + nameLen}, Got: ${recordBuffer.length}`);
              }
              return {
                isResumption,
                sessionId,
                sessionIdKey,
                hasSessionTicket,
                partialExtract: true
              };
            }
            
            const serverName = recordBuffer.toString('utf8', offset, offset + nameLen);
            if (enableLogging) console.log(`Extracted SNI: ${serverName}`);
            
            // Store the session ID to domain mapping for future resumptions
            if (sessionIdKey && sessionId && serverName) {
              tlsSessionCache.set(sessionIdKey, {
                domain: serverName,
                sessionId: sessionId,
                ticketTimestamp: Date.now()
              });
              
              if (enableLogging) {
                console.log(`Stored session ${sessionIdKey} for domain ${serverName}`);
              }
            }
            
            // Also store session ticket information if present
            if (sessionTicketId && serverName) {
              tlsSessionCache.set(`ticket:${sessionTicketId}`, {
                domain: serverName,
                ticketId: sessionTicketId,
                ticketTimestamp: Date.now()
              });
              
              if (enableLogging) {
                console.log(`Stored session ticket ${sessionTicketId} for domain ${serverName}`);
              }
            }
            
            // Return the complete extraction result
            return {
              serverName,
              sessionId,
              sessionIdKey,
              sessionTicketId,
              isResumption,
              resumedDomain,
              hasSessionTicket
            };
          }
          
          // Skip this name entry
          offset += nameLen;
        }
        
        // Finished processing the SNI extension without finding a hostname
        break;
      } else {
        // Skip other extensions
        offset += extensionLength;
      }
    }
    
    // We finished processing all extensions without finding SNI
    if (enableLogging) console.log('No SNI extension found');
    
    // Even without SNI, we might be dealing with a session resumption
    if (isResumption && resumedDomain) {
      return {
        serverName: resumedDomain, // Use the domain from previous session
        sessionId,
        sessionIdKey,
        sessionTicketId,
        hasSessionTicket,
        isResumption: true,
        resumedDomain
      };
    }
    
    // Return a basic result with just the session info
    return {
      isResumption,
      sessionId,
      sessionIdKey,
      sessionTicketId,
      hasSessionTicket,
      resumedDomain
    };
  } catch (err) {
    console.log(`Error in extractSNIFromRecord: ${err}`);
    return undefined;
  }
}

/**
 * Legacy wrapper for extractSNIInfo to maintain backward compatibility
 * @param buffer - Buffer containing the TLS ClientHello
 * @param enableLogging - Whether to enable detailed logging
 * @returns The server name if found, otherwise undefined
 */
function extractSNI(buffer: Buffer, enableLogging: boolean = false): string | undefined {
  const result = extractSNIInfo(buffer, enableLogging);
  return result?.serverName;
}

// Helper: Check if a port falls within any of the given port ranges
const isPortInRanges = (port: number, ranges: Array<{ from: number; to: number }>): boolean => {
  return ranges.some((range) => port >= range.from && port <= range.to);
};

// Helper: Check if a given IP matches any of the glob patterns
const isAllowed = (ip: string, patterns: string[]): boolean => {
  if (!ip || !patterns || patterns.length === 0) return false;

  const normalizeIP = (ip: string): string[] => {
    if (!ip) return [];
    if (ip.startsWith('::ffff:')) {
      const ipv4 = ip.slice(7);
      return [ip, ipv4];
    }
    if (/^\d{1,3}(\.\d{1,3}){3}$/.test(ip)) {
      return [ip, `::ffff:${ip}`];
    }
    return [ip];
  };

  const normalizedIPVariants = normalizeIP(ip);
  if (normalizedIPVariants.length === 0) return false;

  const expandedPatterns = patterns.flatMap(normalizeIP);
  return normalizedIPVariants.some((ipVariant) =>
    expandedPatterns.some((pattern) => plugins.minimatch(ipVariant, pattern))
  );
};

// Helper: Check if an IP is allowed considering allowed and blocked glob patterns
const isGlobIPAllowed = (ip: string, allowed: string[], blocked: string[] = []): boolean => {
  if (!ip) return false;
  if (blocked.length > 0 && isAllowed(ip, blocked)) return false;
  return isAllowed(ip, allowed);
};

// Helper: Generate a unique connection ID
const generateConnectionId = (): string => {
  return Math.random().toString(36).substring(2, 15) + Math.random().toString(36).substring(2, 15);
};

// Helper: Check if a buffer contains a TLS handshake
const isTlsHandshake = (buffer: Buffer): boolean => {
  return buffer.length > 0 && buffer[0] === 22; // ContentType.handshake
};

// Helper: Ensure timeout values don't exceed Node.js max safe integer
const ensureSafeTimeout = (timeout: number): number => {
  const MAX_SAFE_TIMEOUT = 2147483647; // Maximum safe value (2^31 - 1)
  return Math.min(Math.floor(timeout), MAX_SAFE_TIMEOUT);
};

// Helper: Generate a slightly randomized timeout to prevent thundering herd
const randomizeTimeout = (baseTimeout: number, variationPercent: number = 5): number => {
  const safeBaseTimeout = ensureSafeTimeout(baseTimeout);
  const variation = safeBaseTimeout * (variationPercent / 100);
  return ensureSafeTimeout(safeBaseTimeout + Math.floor(Math.random() * variation * 2) - variation);
};

export class PortProxy {
  private netServers: plugins.net.Server[] = [];
  
  // Define the internal settings interface to include all fields, including those removed from the public interface
  settings: IPortProxySettings & {
    // Internal fields removed from public interface in 3.31.0+
    initialDataTimeout: number;
    socketTimeout: number;
    inactivityCheckInterval: number;
    maxConnectionLifetime: number;
    inactivityTimeout: number;
    disableInactivityCheck: boolean;
    enableKeepAliveProbes: boolean;
    keepAliveTreatment: 'standard' | 'extended' | 'immortal';
    keepAliveInactivityMultiplier: number;
    extendedKeepAliveLifetime: number;
  };
  
  private connectionRecords: Map<string, IConnectionRecord> = new Map();
  private connectionLogger: NodeJS.Timeout | null = null;
  private isShuttingDown: boolean = false;

  // Map to track round robin indices for each domain config
  private domainTargetIndices: Map<IDomainConfig, number> = new Map();

  // Enhanced stats tracking
  private terminationStats: {
    incoming: Record<string, number>;
    outgoing: Record<string, number>;
  } = {
    incoming: {},
    outgoing: {},
  };

  // Connection tracking by IP for rate limiting
  private connectionsByIP: Map<string, Set<string>> = new Map();
  private connectionRateByIP: Map<string, number[]> = new Map();

  // New property to store NetworkProxy instances
  private networkProxies: NetworkProxy[] = [];

  constructor(settingsArg: IPortProxySettings) {
    // Auto-detect if this is a chained proxy based on targetIP
    const targetIP = settingsArg.targetIP || 'localhost';
    const isChainedProxy = settingsArg.isChainedProxy !== undefined
      ? settingsArg.isChainedProxy
      : (targetIP === 'localhost' || targetIP === '127.0.0.1');
    
    // Use more aggressive timeouts for chained proxies
    const aggressiveTlsRefresh = settingsArg.aggressiveTlsRefresh !== undefined
      ? settingsArg.aggressiveTlsRefresh
      : isChainedProxy;
    
    // Configure TLS session cache if specified
    if (settingsArg.tlsSessionCache) {
      tlsSessionCache.updateConfig({
        enabled: settingsArg.tlsSessionCache.enabled,
        maxEntries: settingsArg.tlsSessionCache.maxEntries,
        expiryTime: settingsArg.tlsSessionCache.expiryTime,
        cleanupInterval: settingsArg.tlsSessionCache.cleanupInterval
      });
      
      console.log(`Configured TLS session cache with custom settings. Current stats: ${JSON.stringify(tlsSessionCache.getStats())}`);
    }
    
    // Determine appropriate timeouts based on proxy chain position
    // Much more relaxed socket timeouts
    let socketTimeout = 6 * 60 * 60 * 1000; // 6 hours default for standalone
    
    if (isChainedProxy) {
      // Still adjust based on chain position, but with more relaxed values
      const chainPosition = settingsArg.chainPosition || 'middle';
      
      // Adjust timeouts based on position in chain, but significantly relaxed
      switch (chainPosition) {
        case 'first':
          // First proxy handling browser connections
          socketTimeout = 6 * 60 * 60 * 1000; // 6 hours
          break;
        case 'middle':
          // Middle proxies
          socketTimeout = 5 * 60 * 60 * 1000; // 5 hours
          break;
        case 'last':
          // Last proxy connects to backend
          socketTimeout = 6 * 60 * 60 * 1000; // 6 hours
          break;
      }
      
      console.log(`Configured as ${chainPosition} proxy in chain. Using relaxed timeouts for better stability.`);
    }

    // Set sensible defaults with significantly relaxed timeouts
    this.settings = {
      ...settingsArg,
      targetIP: targetIP,
      
      // Record the chained proxy status for use in other methods
      isChainedProxy: isChainedProxy,
      chainPosition: settingsArg.chainPosition || (isChainedProxy ? 'middle' : 'last'),
      aggressiveTlsRefresh: aggressiveTlsRefresh,

      // Much more relaxed timeout settings
      initialDataTimeout: 120000, // 2 minutes for initial handshake (doubled)
      socketTimeout: socketTimeout, // 5-6 hours based on chain position
      inactivityCheckInterval: 5 * 60 * 1000, // 5 minutes between checks (relaxed)
      maxConnectionLifetime: 12 * 60 * 60 * 1000, // 12 hours lifetime
      inactivityTimeout: 4 * 60 * 60 * 1000, // 4 hours inactivity timeout
      
      gracefulShutdownTimeout: settingsArg.gracefulShutdownTimeout || 60000, // 60 seconds

      // Socket optimization settings
      noDelay: settingsArg.noDelay !== undefined ? settingsArg.noDelay : true,
      keepAlive: settingsArg.keepAlive !== undefined ? settingsArg.keepAlive : true,
      keepAliveInitialDelay: settingsArg.keepAliveInitialDelay || 30000, // 30 seconds (increased)
      maxPendingDataSize: settingsArg.maxPendingDataSize || 20 * 1024 * 1024, // 20MB to handle large TLS handshakes

      // Feature flags - simplified with sensible defaults
      disableInactivityCheck: false, // Still enable inactivity checks
      enableKeepAliveProbes: true, // Still enable keep-alive probes
      enableDetailedLogging: settingsArg.enableDetailedLogging || false,
      enableTlsDebugLogging: settingsArg.enableTlsDebugLogging || false,
      enableRandomizedTimeouts: settingsArg.enableRandomizedTimeouts || false,

      // Rate limiting defaults
      maxConnectionsPerIP: settingsArg.maxConnectionsPerIP || 200, // 200 connections per IP (doubled)
      connectionRateLimitPerMinute: settingsArg.connectionRateLimitPerMinute || 500, // 500 per minute (increased)

      // Keep-alive settings with much more relaxed defaults
      keepAliveTreatment: 'extended', // Use extended keep-alive treatment
      keepAliveInactivityMultiplier: 3, // 3x normal inactivity timeout for longer extension
      // Much longer keep-alive lifetimes
      extendedKeepAliveLifetime: isChainedProxy 
        ? 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000  // 24 hours for chained proxies
        : 48 * 60 * 60 * 1000, // 48 hours for standalone proxies
    };

    // Store NetworkProxy instances if provided
    this.networkProxies = settingsArg.networkProxies || [];
    
    // Log proxy configuration details
    console.log(`PortProxy initialized with ${isChainedProxy ? 'chained proxy' : 'standalone'} configuration.`);
    if (isChainedProxy) {
      console.log(`TLS certificate refresh: ${aggressiveTlsRefresh ? 'Aggressive' : 'Standard'}`);
      console.log(`Connection lifetime: ${plugins.prettyMs(this.settings.maxConnectionLifetime)}`);
      console.log(`Inactivity timeout: ${plugins.prettyMs(this.settings.inactivityTimeout)}`);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Forwards a TLS connection to a NetworkProxy for handling
   * @param connectionId - Unique connection identifier
   * @param socket - The incoming client socket
   * @param record - The connection record
   * @param domainConfig - The domain configuration
   * @param initialData - Initial data chunk (TLS ClientHello)
   * @param serverName - SNI hostname (if available)
   */
  private forwardToNetworkProxy(
    connectionId: string,
    socket: plugins.net.Socket,
    record: IConnectionRecord,
    domainConfig: IDomainConfig,
    initialData: Buffer,
    serverName?: string
  ): void {
    // Determine which NetworkProxy to use
    const proxyIndex =
      domainConfig.networkProxyIndex !== undefined ? domainConfig.networkProxyIndex : 0;

    // Validate the NetworkProxy index
    if (proxyIndex < 0 || proxyIndex >= this.networkProxies.length) {
      console.log(
        `[${connectionId}] Invalid NetworkProxy index: ${proxyIndex}. Using fallback direct connection.`
      );
      // Fall back to direct connection
      return this.setupDirectConnection(
        connectionId,
        socket,
        record,
        domainConfig,
        serverName,
        initialData
      );
    }

    const networkProxy = this.networkProxies[proxyIndex];
    const proxyPort = networkProxy.getListeningPort();
    const proxyHost = 'localhost'; // Assuming NetworkProxy runs locally

    if (this.settings.enableDetailedLogging) {
      console.log(
        `[${connectionId}] Forwarding TLS connection to NetworkProxy[${proxyIndex}] at ${proxyHost}:${proxyPort}`
      );
    }

    // Create a connection to the NetworkProxy with optimized settings for reliability
    const proxySocket = plugins.net.connect({
      host: proxyHost,
      port: proxyPort,
      noDelay: true, // Disable Nagle's algorithm for NetworkProxy connections
      keepAlive: this.settings.keepAlive, // Use the same keepAlive setting as regular connections
      keepAliveInitialDelay: Math.max(this.settings.keepAliveInitialDelay - 5000, 5000) // Slightly faster
    });

    // Store the outgoing socket in the record
    record.outgoing = proxySocket;
    record.outgoingStartTime = Date.now();
    record.usingNetworkProxy = true;
    record.networkProxyIndex = proxyIndex;
    
    // Mark keep-alive as enabled on outgoing if requested
    if (this.settings.keepAlive) {
      record.outgoingKeepAliveEnabled = true;
      
      // Apply enhanced TCP keep-alive options if enabled
      if (this.settings.enableKeepAliveProbes) {
        try {
          if ('setKeepAliveProbes' in proxySocket) {
            (proxySocket as any).setKeepAliveProbes(10);
          }
          if ('setKeepAliveInterval' in proxySocket) {
            (proxySocket as any).setKeepAliveInterval(800);
          }
          
          console.log(`[${connectionId}] Enhanced TCP keep-alive configured for NetworkProxy connection`);
        } catch (err) {
          // Ignore errors - these are optional enhancements
          if (this.settings.enableDetailedLogging) {
            console.log(`[${connectionId}] Enhanced keep-alive not supported for NetworkProxy: ${err}`);
          }
        }
      }
    }

    // Set up error handlers
    proxySocket.on('error', (err) => {
      console.log(`[${connectionId}] Error connecting to NetworkProxy: ${err.message}`);
      this.cleanupConnection(record, 'network_proxy_connect_error');
    });

    // Handle connection to NetworkProxy
    proxySocket.on('connect', () => {
      if (this.settings.enableDetailedLogging) {
        console.log(`[${connectionId}] Connected to NetworkProxy at ${proxyHost}:${proxyPort}`);
      }

      // First send the initial data that contains the TLS ClientHello
      proxySocket.write(initialData);

      // Now set up bidirectional piping between client and NetworkProxy
      socket.pipe(proxySocket);
      proxySocket.pipe(socket);

      // Setup cleanup handlers
      proxySocket.on('close', () => {
        if (this.settings.enableDetailedLogging) {
          console.log(`[${connectionId}] NetworkProxy connection closed`);
        }
        this.cleanupConnection(record, 'network_proxy_closed');
      });

      socket.on('close', () => {
        if (this.settings.enableDetailedLogging) {
          console.log(
            `[${connectionId}] Client connection closed after forwarding to NetworkProxy`
          );
        }
        this.cleanupConnection(record, 'client_closed');
      });
      
      // Special handler for TLS handshake detection with NetworkProxy
      socket.on('data', (chunk: Buffer) => {
        // Check for TLS handshake packets (ContentType.handshake)
        if (chunk.length > 0 && chunk[0] === 22) {
          console.log(`[${connectionId}] Detected potential TLS handshake with NetworkProxy, updating activity`);
          this.updateActivity(record);
        }
      });

      // Update activity on data transfer from the proxy socket
      proxySocket.on('data', () => this.updateActivity(record));
      
      // Special handling for application-level keep-alives on NetworkProxy connections
      if (this.settings.keepAlive && record.isTLS) {
        // Set up a timer to periodically send application-level keep-alives
        const keepAliveTimer = setInterval(() => {
          if (proxySocket && !proxySocket.destroyed && record && !record.connectionClosed) {
            try {
              // Send 0-byte packet as application-level keep-alive
              proxySocket.write(Buffer.alloc(0));
              
              if (this.settings.enableDetailedLogging) {
                console.log(`[${connectionId}] Sent application-level keep-alive to NetworkProxy connection`);
              }
            } catch (err) {
              // If we can't write, the connection is probably already dead
              if (this.settings.enableDetailedLogging) {
                console.log(`[${connectionId}] Error sending application-level keep-alive to NetworkProxy: ${err}`);
              }
              
              // Stop the timer if we hit an error
              clearInterval(keepAliveTimer);
            }
          } else {
            // Clean up timer if connection is gone
            clearInterval(keepAliveTimer);
          }
        }, 60000); // Send keep-alive every minute
        
        // Make sure interval doesn't prevent process exit
        if (keepAliveTimer.unref) {
          keepAliveTimer.unref();
        }
        
        console.log(`[${connectionId}] Application-level keep-alive configured for NetworkProxy connection`);
      }

      if (this.settings.enableDetailedLogging) {
        console.log(
          `[${connectionId}] TLS connection successfully forwarded to NetworkProxy[${proxyIndex}]`
        );
      }
    });
  }

  /**
   * Sets up a direct connection to the target (original behavior)
   * This is used when NetworkProxy isn't configured or as a fallback
   */
  private setupDirectConnection(
    connectionId: string,
    socket: plugins.net.Socket,
    record: IConnectionRecord,
    domainConfig: IDomainConfig | undefined,
    serverName?: string,
    initialChunk?: Buffer,
    overridePort?: number
  ): void {
    // Enhanced logging for initial connection troubleshooting
    if (serverName) {
      console.log(`[${connectionId}] Setting up direct connection for domain: ${serverName}`);
    } else {
      console.log(`[${connectionId}] Setting up direct connection without SNI`);
    }
    
    // Log domain config details to help diagnose routing issues
    if (domainConfig) {
      console.log(`[${connectionId}] Using domain config: ${domainConfig.domains.join(', ')}`);
    } else {
      console.log(`[${connectionId}] No specific domain config found, using default settings`);
    }
    
    // Ensure we maximize connection chances by setting appropriate timeouts
    socket.setTimeout(30000); // 30 second initial connect timeout
    
    // Existing connection setup logic
    const targetHost = domainConfig ? this.getTargetIP(domainConfig) : this.settings.targetIP!;
    const connectionOptions: plugins.net.NetConnectOpts = {
      host: targetHost,
      port: overridePort !== undefined ? overridePort : this.settings.toPort,
      // Add connection timeout to ensure we don't hang indefinitely
      timeout: 15000 // 15 second connection timeout
    };
    if (this.settings.preserveSourceIP) {
      connectionOptions.localAddress = record.remoteIP.replace('::ffff:', '');
    }
    
    console.log(`[${connectionId}] Connecting to backend: ${targetHost}:${connectionOptions.port}`);
    

    // Pause the incoming socket to prevent buffer overflows
    socket.pause();

    // Temporary handler to collect data during connection setup
    const tempDataHandler = (chunk: Buffer) => {
      // Track bytes received
      record.bytesReceived += chunk.length;

      // Check for TLS handshake
      if (!record.isTLS && isTlsHandshake(chunk)) {
        record.isTLS = true;

        if (this.settings.enableTlsDebugLogging) {
          console.log(
            `[${connectionId}] TLS handshake detected in tempDataHandler, ${chunk.length} bytes`
          );
        }
      }

      // Check if adding this chunk would exceed the buffer limit
      const newSize = record.pendingDataSize + chunk.length;

      if (this.settings.maxPendingDataSize && newSize > this.settings.maxPendingDataSize) {
        console.log(
          `[${connectionId}] Buffer limit exceeded for connection from ${record.remoteIP}: ${newSize} bytes > ${this.settings.maxPendingDataSize} bytes`
        );
        socket.end(); // Gracefully close the socket
        return this.initiateCleanupOnce(record, 'buffer_limit_exceeded');
      }

      // Buffer the chunk and update the size counter
      record.pendingData.push(Buffer.from(chunk));
      record.pendingDataSize = newSize;
      this.updateActivity(record);
    };

    // Add the temp handler to capture all incoming data during connection setup
    socket.on('data', tempDataHandler);

    // Add initial chunk to pending data if present - this is critical for SNI forwarding
    if (initialChunk) {
      // Make explicit copy of the buffer to ensure it doesn't get modified
      const initialDataCopy = Buffer.from(initialChunk);
      record.bytesReceived += initialDataCopy.length;
      record.pendingData.push(initialDataCopy);
      record.pendingDataSize = initialDataCopy.length;
      
      // Log TLS handshake for debug purposes
      if (isTlsHandshake(initialChunk)) {
        record.isTLS = true;
        console.log(`[${connectionId}] Buffered TLS handshake data: ${initialDataCopy.length} bytes, SNI: ${serverName || 'none'}`);
      }
    } else if (record.isTLS) {
      // This shouldn't happen, but log a warning if we have a TLS connection with no initial data
      console.log(`[${connectionId}] WARNING: TLS connection without initial handshake data`);
    }

    // Create the target socket but don't set up piping immediately
    const targetSocket = plugins.net.connect(connectionOptions);
    record.outgoing = targetSocket;
    record.outgoingStartTime = Date.now();

    // Apply socket optimizations
    targetSocket.setNoDelay(this.settings.noDelay);

    // Apply keep-alive settings to the outgoing connection as well
    if (this.settings.keepAlive) {
      // Use a slightly shorter initial delay for outgoing to ensure it stays active
      const outgoingInitialDelay = Math.max(this.settings.keepAliveInitialDelay - 5000, 5000);
      targetSocket.setKeepAlive(true, outgoingInitialDelay);
      record.outgoingKeepAliveEnabled = true;
      
      console.log(`[${connectionId}] Keep-alive enabled on outgoing connection with initial delay: ${outgoingInitialDelay}ms`);

      // Apply enhanced TCP keep-alive options if enabled
      if (this.settings.enableKeepAliveProbes) {
        try {
          if ('setKeepAliveProbes' in targetSocket) {
            (targetSocket as any).setKeepAliveProbes(10); // Same probes as incoming
          }
          if ('setKeepAliveInterval' in targetSocket) {
            // Use a shorter interval on outgoing for more reliable detection
            (targetSocket as any).setKeepAliveInterval(800); // Slightly faster than incoming
          }
          
          console.log(`[${connectionId}] Enhanced TCP keep-alive probes configured on outgoing connection`);
        } catch (err) {
          // Ignore errors - these are optional enhancements
          if (this.settings.enableDetailedLogging) {
            console.log(
              `[${connectionId}] Enhanced TCP keep-alive not supported for outgoing socket: ${err}`
            );
          }
        }
      }
      
      // Special handling for TLS keep-alive - we want to be more aggressive 
      // with keeping the outgoing connection alive in TLS mode
      if (record.isTLS) {
        // Set a timer to periodically send empty data to keep connection alive
        // This is in addition to TCP keep-alive, works at application layer
        const keepAliveTimer = setInterval(() => {
          if (targetSocket && !targetSocket.destroyed && record && !record.connectionClosed) {
            try {
              // Send 0-byte packet as application-level keep-alive
              targetSocket.write(Buffer.alloc(0));
              
              if (this.settings.enableDetailedLogging) {
                console.log(`[${connectionId}] Sent application-level keep-alive to outgoing TLS connection`);
              }
            } catch (err) {
              // If we can't write, the connection is probably already dead
              if (this.settings.enableDetailedLogging) {
                console.log(`[${connectionId}] Error sending application-level keep-alive: ${err}`);
              }
              
              // Stop the timer if we hit an error
              clearInterval(keepAliveTimer);
            }
          } else {
            // Clean up timer if connection is gone
            clearInterval(keepAliveTimer);
          }
        }, 60000); // Send keep-alive every minute
        
        // Make sure interval doesn't prevent process exit
        if (keepAliveTimer.unref) {
          keepAliveTimer.unref();
        }
        
        console.log(`[${connectionId}] Application-level keep-alive configured for TLS outgoing connection`);
      }
    }

    // Setup specific error handler for connection phase with enhanced retries
    targetSocket.once('error', (err) => {
      // This handler runs only once during the initial connection phase
      const code = (err as any).code;
      console.log(
        `[${connectionId}] Connection setup error to ${targetHost}:${connectionOptions.port}: ${err.message} (${code})`
      );

      // Resume the incoming socket to prevent it from hanging
      socket.resume();

      // Add detailed logging for connection problems
      if (code === 'ECONNREFUSED') {
        console.log(
          `[${connectionId}] Target ${targetHost}:${connectionOptions.port} refused connection`
        );
      } else if (code === 'ETIMEDOUT') {
        console.log(
          `[${connectionId}] Connection to ${targetHost}:${connectionOptions.port} timed out`
        );
      } else if (code === 'ECONNRESET') {
        console.log(
          `[${connectionId}] Connection to ${targetHost}:${connectionOptions.port} was reset`
        );
      } else if (code === 'EHOSTUNREACH') {
        console.log(`[${connectionId}] Host ${targetHost} is unreachable`);
      }
      
      // Log additional diagnostics
      console.log(`[${connectionId}] Connection details - SNI: ${serverName || 'none'}, HasChunk: ${!!initialChunk}, ChunkSize: ${initialChunk ? initialChunk.length : 0}`);
      
      // For TLS connections, provide even more detailed diagnostics
      if (record.isTLS) {
        console.log(`[${connectionId}] TLS connection failure details - TLS detected: ${record.isTLS}, Server: ${targetHost}:${connectionOptions.port}, Domain config: ${domainConfig ? 'Present' : 'Missing'}`);
      }
      
      // For connection refusal or timeouts, try a more aggressive error response
      // This helps browsers quickly realize there's an issue rather than waiting
      if (code === 'ECONNREFUSED' || code === 'ETIMEDOUT' || code === 'EHOSTUNREACH') {
        try {
          // Send a RST packet rather than a graceful close
          // This signals to browsers to try a new connection immediately
          socket.destroy(new Error(`Backend connection failed: ${code}`));
          console.log(`[${connectionId}] Forced connection termination to trigger immediate browser retry`);
          return; // Skip normal cleanup
        } catch (destroyErr) {
          console.log(`[${connectionId}] Error during forced connection termination: ${destroyErr}`);
        }
      }

      // Clear any existing error handler after connection phase
      targetSocket.removeAllListeners('error');

      // Re-add the normal error handler for established connections
      targetSocket.on('error', this.handleError('outgoing', record));

      if (record.outgoingTerminationReason === null) {
        record.outgoingTerminationReason = 'connection_failed';
        this.incrementTerminationStat('outgoing', 'connection_failed');
      }

      // Clean up the connection
      this.initiateCleanupOnce(record, `connection_failed_${code}`);
    });

    // Setup close handler
    targetSocket.on('close', this.handleClose('outgoing', record));
    socket.on('close', this.handleClose('incoming', record));

    // Handle timeouts with keep-alive awareness
    socket.on('timeout', () => {
      // For keep-alive connections, just log a warning instead of closing
      if (record.hasKeepAlive) {
        console.log(
          `[${connectionId}] Timeout event on incoming keep-alive connection from ${
            record.remoteIP
          } after ${plugins.prettyMs(
            this.settings.socketTimeout || 3600000
          )}. Connection preserved.`
        );
        // Don't close the connection - just log
        return;
      }

      // For non-keep-alive connections, proceed with normal cleanup
      console.log(
        `[${connectionId}] Timeout on incoming side from ${
          record.remoteIP
        } after ${plugins.prettyMs(this.settings.socketTimeout || 3600000)}`
      );
      if (record.incomingTerminationReason === null) {
        record.incomingTerminationReason = 'timeout';
        this.incrementTerminationStat('incoming', 'timeout');
      }
      this.initiateCleanupOnce(record, 'timeout_incoming');
    });

    targetSocket.on('timeout', () => {
      // For keep-alive connections, just log a warning instead of closing
      if (record.hasKeepAlive) {
        console.log(
          `[${connectionId}] Timeout event on outgoing keep-alive connection from ${
            record.remoteIP
          } after ${plugins.prettyMs(
            this.settings.socketTimeout || 3600000
          )}. Connection preserved.`
        );
        // Don't close the connection - just log
        return;
      }

      // For non-keep-alive connections, proceed with normal cleanup
      console.log(
        `[${connectionId}] Timeout on outgoing side from ${
          record.remoteIP
        } after ${plugins.prettyMs(this.settings.socketTimeout || 3600000)}`
      );
      if (record.outgoingTerminationReason === null) {
        record.outgoingTerminationReason = 'timeout';
        this.incrementTerminationStat('outgoing', 'timeout');
      }
      this.initiateCleanupOnce(record, 'timeout_outgoing');
    });

    // Set appropriate timeouts, or disable for immortal keep-alive connections
    if (record.hasKeepAlive && this.settings.keepAliveTreatment === 'immortal') {
      // Disable timeouts completely for immortal connections
      socket.setTimeout(0);
      targetSocket.setTimeout(0);

      if (this.settings.enableDetailedLogging) {
        console.log(
          `[${connectionId}] Disabled socket timeouts for immortal keep-alive connection`
        );
      }
    } else {
      // Set normal timeouts for other connections
      socket.setTimeout(ensureSafeTimeout(this.settings.socketTimeout || 3600000));
      targetSocket.setTimeout(ensureSafeTimeout(this.settings.socketTimeout || 3600000));
    }

    // Track outgoing data for bytes counting
    targetSocket.on('data', (chunk: Buffer) => {
      record.bytesSent += chunk.length;
      this.updateActivity(record);
    });

    // Wait for the outgoing connection to be ready before setting up piping
    targetSocket.once('connect', () => {
      // Clear the initial connection error handler
      targetSocket.removeAllListeners('error');

      // Add the normal error handler for established connections
      targetSocket.on('error', this.handleError('outgoing', record));

      // Remove temporary data handler
      socket.removeListener('data', tempDataHandler);

      // Flush all pending data to target
      if (record.pendingData.length > 0) {
        const combinedData = Buffer.concat(record.pendingData);
        
        // Add critical debugging for SNI forwarding issues
        if (record.isTLS && this.settings.enableTlsDebugLogging) {
          console.log(`[${connectionId}] Forwarding TLS handshake data: ${combinedData.length} bytes, SNI: ${serverName || 'none'}`);
          
          // Additional check to verify we're forwarding the ClientHello properly
          if (combinedData[0] === 22) { // TLS handshake
            console.log(`[${connectionId}] Initial data is a TLS handshake record`);
          }
        }
        
        // Write the combined data to the target
        targetSocket.write(combinedData, (err) => {
          if (err) {
            console.log(`[${connectionId}] Error writing pending data to target: ${err.message}`);
            return this.initiateCleanupOnce(record, 'write_error');
          }
          
          if (record.isTLS) {
            // Log successful forwarding of initial TLS data
            console.log(`[${connectionId}] Successfully forwarded initial TLS data to backend`);
          }

          // Set up the renegotiation listener *before* piping if this is a TLS connection with SNI
          if (serverName && record.isTLS) {
            // Create a flag to prevent double-processing of the same handshake packet
            let processingRenegotiation = false;
            
            // This listener handles TLS renegotiation detection on the incoming socket
            socket.on('data', (renegChunk) => {
              // Only check for content type 22 (handshake) and not already processing 
              if (renegChunk.length > 0 && renegChunk.readUInt8(0) === 22 && !processingRenegotiation) {
                processingRenegotiation = true;
                
                // Always update activity timestamp for any handshake packet
                this.updateActivity(record);
                
                try {
                  // Enhanced logging for renegotiation
                  console.log(`[${connectionId}] TLS handshake/renegotiation packet detected (${renegChunk.length} bytes)`);
                  
                  // Extract all TLS information including session resumption data
                  const sniInfo = extractSNIInfo(renegChunk, this.settings.enableTlsDebugLogging);
                  
                  // Log details about the handshake packet
                  if (this.settings.enableTlsDebugLogging) {
                    console.log(`[${connectionId}] Handshake SNI extraction results:`, {
                      isResumption: sniInfo?.isResumption || false,
                      serverName: sniInfo?.serverName || 'none',
                      resumedDomain: sniInfo?.resumedDomain || 'none',
                      recordsExamined: sniInfo?.recordsExamined || 0,
                      multipleRecords: sniInfo?.multipleRecords || false,
                      partialExtract: sniInfo?.partialExtract || false
                    });
                  }
                  
                  let newSNI = sniInfo?.serverName;
                  
                  // Handle session resumption - if we recognize the session ID, we know what domain it belongs to
                  if (sniInfo?.isResumption && sniInfo.resumedDomain) {
                    console.log(`[${connectionId}] Rehandshake with session resumption for domain: ${sniInfo.resumedDomain}`);
                    newSNI = sniInfo.resumedDomain;
                  }
                  
                  // IMPORTANT: If we can't extract an SNI from renegotiation, but we detected a TLS handshake,
                  // we still need to make sure it's properly forwarded to maintain the TLS state
                  if (newSNI === undefined) {
                    console.log(`[${connectionId}] Rehandshake detected without SNI, forwarding transparently.`);
                    
                    // Set a temporary timeout to reset the processing flag
                    setTimeout(() => {
                      processingRenegotiation = false;
                    }, 500);
                    
                    return; // Let the piping handle the forwarding
                  }
                  
                  // Check if the SNI has changed
                  if (newSNI !== serverName) {
                    console.log(`[${connectionId}] Rehandshake with different SNI: ${newSNI} vs original ${serverName}`);
                    
                    // Allow if the new SNI matches existing domain config or find a new matching config
                    let allowed = false;
                    
                    if (record.domainConfig) {
                      allowed = record.domainConfig.domains.some(d => plugins.minimatch(newSNI, d));
                    }
                    
                    if (!allowed) {
                      const newDomainConfig = this.settings.domainConfigs.find((config) =>
                        config.domains.some((d) => plugins.minimatch(newSNI, d))
                      );
                      
                      if (newDomainConfig) {
                        const effectiveAllowedIPs = [
                          ...newDomainConfig.allowedIPs,
                          ...(this.settings.defaultAllowedIPs || []),
                        ];
                        const effectiveBlockedIPs = [
                          ...(newDomainConfig.blockedIPs || []),
                          ...(this.settings.defaultBlockedIPs || []),
                        ];
                        
                        allowed = isGlobIPAllowed(record.remoteIP, effectiveAllowedIPs, effectiveBlockedIPs);
                        
                        if (allowed) {
                          record.domainConfig = newDomainConfig;
                        }
                      }
                    }
                    
                    if (allowed) {
                      console.log(`[${connectionId}] Updated domain for connection from ${record.remoteIP} to: ${newSNI}`);
                      record.lockedDomain = newSNI;
                    } else {
                      console.log(`[${connectionId}] Rehandshake SNI ${newSNI} not allowed. Terminating connection.`);
                      this.initiateCleanupOnce(record, 'sni_mismatch');
                      return;
                    }
                  } else {
                    console.log(`[${connectionId}] Rehandshake with same SNI: ${newSNI}`);
                  }
                } catch (err) {
                  console.log(`[${connectionId}] Error processing renegotiation: ${err}. Allowing to continue.`);
                } finally {
                  // Reset the processing flag after a small delay to prevent double-processing
                  // of packets that may be part of the same handshake
                  setTimeout(() => {
                    processingRenegotiation = false;
                  }, 500);
                }
              }
            });
            
            // Set up a listener on the outgoing socket to detect issues with renegotiation
            // This helps catch cases where the outgoing connection has closed but the incoming is still active
            targetSocket.on('error', (err) => {
              // If we get an error during what might be a renegotiation, log it specially
              if (processingRenegotiation) {
                console.log(`[${connectionId}] ERROR: Outgoing socket error during TLS renegotiation: ${err.message}`);
                // Force immediate cleanup to prevent hanging connections
                this.initiateCleanupOnce(record, 'renegotiation_error');
              }
              // The normal error handler will be called for other errors
            });
          }
          
          // Now set up piping for future data and resume the socket
          socket.pipe(targetSocket);
          targetSocket.pipe(socket);
          socket.resume(); // Resume the socket after piping is established

          if (this.settings.enableDetailedLogging) {
            console.log(
              `[${connectionId}] Connection established: ${record.remoteIP} -> ${targetHost}:${connectionOptions.port}` +
                `${
                  serverName
                    ? ` (SNI: ${serverName})`
                    : domainConfig
                    ? ` (Port-based for domain: ${domainConfig.domains.join(', ')})`
                    : ''
                }` +
                ` TLS: ${record.isTLS ? 'Yes' : 'No'}, Keep-Alive: ${
                  record.hasKeepAlive ? 'Yes' : 'No'
                }`
            );
          } else {
            console.log(
              `Connection established: ${record.remoteIP} -> ${targetHost}:${connectionOptions.port}` +
                `${
                  serverName
                    ? ` (SNI: ${serverName})`
                    : domainConfig
                    ? ` (Port-based for domain: ${domainConfig.domains.join(', ')})`
                    : ''
                }`
            );
          }
        });
      } else {
        // Set up the renegotiation listener *before* piping if this is a TLS connection with SNI
        if (serverName && record.isTLS) {
          // Create a flag to prevent double-processing of the same handshake packet
          let processingRenegotiation = false;
          
          // This listener handles TLS renegotiation detection on the incoming socket
          socket.on('data', (renegChunk) => {
            // Only check for content type 22 (handshake) and not already processing 
            if (renegChunk.length > 0 && renegChunk.readUInt8(0) === 22 && !processingRenegotiation) {
              processingRenegotiation = true;
              
              // Always update activity timestamp for any handshake packet
              this.updateActivity(record);
              
              try {
                // Enhanced logging for renegotiation
                console.log(`[${connectionId}] TLS handshake/renegotiation packet detected (${renegChunk.length} bytes)`);
                
                // Extract all TLS information including session resumption data
                const sniInfo = extractSNIInfo(renegChunk, this.settings.enableTlsDebugLogging);
                
                // Log details about the handshake packet
                if (this.settings.enableTlsDebugLogging) {
                  console.log(`[${connectionId}] Handshake SNI extraction results:`, {
                    isResumption: sniInfo?.isResumption || false,
                    serverName: sniInfo?.serverName || 'none',
                    resumedDomain: sniInfo?.resumedDomain || 'none',
                    recordsExamined: sniInfo?.recordsExamined || 0,
                    multipleRecords: sniInfo?.multipleRecords || false,
                    partialExtract: sniInfo?.partialExtract || false
                  });
                }
                
                let newSNI = sniInfo?.serverName;
                
                // Handle session resumption - if we recognize the session ID, we know what domain it belongs to
                if (sniInfo?.isResumption && sniInfo.resumedDomain) {
                  console.log(`[${connectionId}] Rehandshake with session resumption for domain: ${sniInfo.resumedDomain}`);
                  newSNI = sniInfo.resumedDomain;
                }
                
                // IMPORTANT: If we can't extract an SNI from renegotiation, but we detected a TLS handshake,
                // we still need to make sure it's properly forwarded to maintain the TLS state
                if (newSNI === undefined) {
                  console.log(`[${connectionId}] Rehandshake detected without SNI, forwarding transparently.`);
                  
                  // Set a temporary timeout to reset the processing flag
                  setTimeout(() => {
                    processingRenegotiation = false;
                  }, 500);
                  
                  return; // Let the piping handle the forwarding
                }
                
                // Check if the SNI has changed
                if (newSNI !== serverName) {
                  console.log(`[${connectionId}] Rehandshake with different SNI: ${newSNI} vs original ${serverName}`);
                  
                  // Allow if the new SNI matches existing domain config or find a new matching config
                  let allowed = false;
                  
                  // First check if the new SNI is allowed under the existing domain config
                  // This is the preferred approach as it maintains the existing connection context
                  if (record.domainConfig) {
                    allowed = record.domainConfig.domains.some(d => plugins.minimatch(newSNI, d));
                    
                    if (allowed) {
                      console.log(`[${connectionId}] Rehandshake SNI ${newSNI} allowed by existing domain config`);
                    }
                  }
                  
                  // If not allowed by existing config, try to find an alternative domain config
                  if (!allowed) {
                    // First try exact match
                    let newDomainConfig = this.settings.domainConfigs.find((config) =>
                      config.domains.some((d) => plugins.minimatch(newSNI, d))
                    );
                    
                    // If no exact match, try flexible matching with domain parts (for wildcard domains)
                    if (!newDomainConfig) {
                      console.log(`[${connectionId}] No exact domain config match for rehandshake SNI: ${newSNI}, trying flexible matching`);
                      
                      const domainParts = newSNI.split('.');
                      
                      // Try matching with parent domains or wildcard patterns
                      if (domainParts.length > 2) {
                        const parentDomain = domainParts.slice(1).join('.');
                        const wildcardDomain = '*.' + parentDomain;
                        
                        console.log(`[${connectionId}] Trying alternative patterns: ${parentDomain} or ${wildcardDomain}`);
                        
                        newDomainConfig = this.settings.domainConfigs.find((config) =>
                          config.domains.some((d) => 
                            d === parentDomain || 
                            d === wildcardDomain ||
                            plugins.minimatch(parentDomain, d)
                          )
                        );
                      }
                    }
                    
                    if (newDomainConfig) {
                      const effectiveAllowedIPs = [
                        ...newDomainConfig.allowedIPs,
                        ...(this.settings.defaultAllowedIPs || []),
                      ];
                      const effectiveBlockedIPs = [
                        ...(newDomainConfig.blockedIPs || []),
                        ...(this.settings.defaultBlockedIPs || []),
                      ];
                      
                      allowed = isGlobIPAllowed(record.remoteIP, effectiveAllowedIPs, effectiveBlockedIPs);
                      
                      if (allowed) {
                        record.domainConfig = newDomainConfig;
                      }
                    }
                  }
                  
                  if (allowed) {
                    console.log(`[${connectionId}] Updated domain for connection from ${record.remoteIP} to: ${newSNI}`);
                    record.lockedDomain = newSNI;
                  } else {
                    console.log(`[${connectionId}] Rehandshake SNI ${newSNI} not allowed. Terminating connection.`);
                    this.initiateCleanupOnce(record, 'sni_mismatch');
                    return;
                  }
                } else {
                  console.log(`[${connectionId}] Rehandshake with same SNI: ${newSNI}`);
                }
              } catch (err) {
                console.log(`[${connectionId}] Error processing renegotiation: ${err}. Allowing to continue.`);
              } finally {
                // Reset the processing flag after a small delay to prevent double-processing
                // of packets that may be part of the same handshake
                setTimeout(() => {
                  processingRenegotiation = false;
                }, 500);
              }
            }
          });
          
          // Set up a listener on the outgoing socket to detect issues with renegotiation
          // This helps catch cases where the outgoing connection has closed but the incoming is still active
          targetSocket.on('error', (err) => {
            // If we get an error during what might be a renegotiation, log it specially
            if (processingRenegotiation) {
              console.log(`[${connectionId}] ERROR: Outgoing socket error during TLS renegotiation: ${err.message}`);
              // Force immediate cleanup to prevent hanging connections
              this.initiateCleanupOnce(record, 'renegotiation_error');
            }
            // The normal error handler will be called for other errors
          });
          
          // Also monitor targetSocket for connection issues during client handshakes
          targetSocket.on('close', () => {
            // If the outgoing socket closes during renegotiation, it's a critical issue
            if (processingRenegotiation) {
              console.log(`[${connectionId}] CRITICAL: Outgoing socket closed during TLS renegotiation!`);
              console.log(`[${connectionId}] This likely explains cert mismatch errors in the browser.`);
              // Force immediate cleanup on the client side
              this.initiateCleanupOnce(record, 'target_closed_during_renegotiation');
            }
          });
        }
        
        // Now set up piping
        socket.pipe(targetSocket);
        targetSocket.pipe(socket);
        socket.resume(); // Resume the socket after piping is established

        if (this.settings.enableDetailedLogging) {
          console.log(
            `[${connectionId}] Connection established: ${record.remoteIP} -> ${targetHost}:${connectionOptions.port}` +
              `${
                serverName
                  ? ` (SNI: ${serverName})`
                  : domainConfig
                  ? ` (Port-based for domain: ${domainConfig.domains.join(', ')})`
                  : ''
              }` +
              ` TLS: ${record.isTLS ? 'Yes' : 'No'}, Keep-Alive: ${
                record.hasKeepAlive ? 'Yes' : 'No'
              }`
          );
        } else {
          console.log(
            `Connection established: ${record.remoteIP} -> ${targetHost}:${connectionOptions.port}` +
              `${
                serverName
                  ? ` (SNI: ${serverName})`
                  : domainConfig
                  ? ` (Port-based for domain: ${domainConfig.domains.join(', ')})`
                  : ''
              }`
          );
        }
      }

      // Clear the buffer now that we've processed it
      record.pendingData = [];
      record.pendingDataSize = 0;

      // Renegotiation detection is now handled before piping is established
      // This ensures the data listener receives all packets properly

      // Set connection timeout with simpler logic
      if (record.cleanupTimer) {
        clearTimeout(record.cleanupTimer);
      }

      // For immortal keep-alive connections, skip setting a timeout completely
      if (record.hasKeepAlive && this.settings.keepAliveTreatment === 'immortal') {
        if (this.settings.enableDetailedLogging) {
          console.log(
            `[${connectionId}] Keep-alive connection with immortal treatment - no max lifetime`
          );
        }
        // No cleanup timer for immortal connections
      }
      // For TLS keep-alive connections, use a more generous timeout now that
      // we've fixed the renegotiation handling issue that was causing certificate problems
      else if (record.hasKeepAlive && record.isTLS) {
        // Use a longer timeout for TLS connections now that renegotiation handling is fixed
        // This reduces unnecessary reconnections while still ensuring certificate freshness
        const tlsKeepAliveTimeout = 4 * 60 * 60 * 1000; // 4 hours for TLS keep-alive - increased from 30 minutes
        const safeTimeout = ensureSafeTimeout(tlsKeepAliveTimeout);

        record.cleanupTimer = setTimeout(() => {
          console.log(
            `[${connectionId}] TLS keep-alive connection from ${
              record.remoteIP
            } exceeded max lifetime (${plugins.prettyMs(
              tlsKeepAliveTimeout
            )}), forcing cleanup to refresh certificate context.`
          );
          this.initiateCleanupOnce(record, 'tls_certificate_refresh');
        }, safeTimeout);

        // Make sure timeout doesn't keep the process alive
        if (record.cleanupTimer.unref) {
          record.cleanupTimer.unref();
        }

        if (this.settings.enableDetailedLogging) {
          console.log(
            `[${connectionId}] TLS keep-alive connection with aggressive certificate refresh protection, lifetime: ${plugins.prettyMs(
              tlsKeepAliveTimeout
            )}`
          );
        }
      }
      // For extended keep-alive connections, use extended timeout
      else if (record.hasKeepAlive && this.settings.keepAliveTreatment === 'extended') {
        const extendedTimeout = this.settings.extendedKeepAliveLifetime || 7 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000; // 7 days
        const safeTimeout = ensureSafeTimeout(extendedTimeout);

        record.cleanupTimer = setTimeout(() => {
          console.log(
            `[${connectionId}] Keep-alive connection from ${
              record.remoteIP
            } exceeded extended lifetime (${plugins.prettyMs(extendedTimeout)}), forcing cleanup.`
          );
          this.initiateCleanupOnce(record, 'extended_lifetime');
        }, safeTimeout);

        // Make sure timeout doesn't keep the process alive
        if (record.cleanupTimer.unref) {
          record.cleanupTimer.unref();
        }

        if (this.settings.enableDetailedLogging) {
          console.log(
            `[${connectionId}] Keep-alive connection with extended lifetime of ${plugins.prettyMs(
              extendedTimeout
            )}`
          );
        }
      }
      // For standard connections, use normal timeout
      else {
        // Use domain-specific timeout if available, otherwise use default
        const connectionTimeout =
          record.domainConfig?.connectionTimeout || this.settings.maxConnectionLifetime!;
        const safeTimeout = ensureSafeTimeout(connectionTimeout);

        record.cleanupTimer = setTimeout(() => {
          console.log(
            `[${connectionId}] Connection from ${
              record.remoteIP
            } exceeded max lifetime (${plugins.prettyMs(connectionTimeout)}), forcing cleanup.`
          );
          this.initiateCleanupOnce(record, 'connection_timeout');
        }, safeTimeout);

        // Make sure timeout doesn't keep the process alive
        if (record.cleanupTimer.unref) {
          record.cleanupTimer.unref();
        }
      }

      // Mark TLS handshake as complete for TLS connections
      if (record.isTLS) {
        record.tlsHandshakeComplete = true;

        if (this.settings.enableTlsDebugLogging) {
          console.log(
            `[${connectionId}] TLS handshake complete for connection from ${record.remoteIP}`
          );
        }
      }
    });
  }

  /**
   * Get connections count by IP
   */
  private getConnectionCountByIP(ip: string): number {
    return this.connectionsByIP.get(ip)?.size || 0;
  }

  /**
   * Check and update connection rate for an IP
   */
  private checkConnectionRate(ip: string): boolean {
    const now = Date.now();
    const minute = 60 * 1000;

    if (!this.connectionRateByIP.has(ip)) {
      this.connectionRateByIP.set(ip, [now]);
      return true;
    }

    // Get timestamps and filter out entries older than 1 minute
    const timestamps = this.connectionRateByIP.get(ip)!.filter((time) => now - time < minute);
    timestamps.push(now);
    this.connectionRateByIP.set(ip, timestamps);

    // Check if rate exceeds limit
    return timestamps.length <= this.settings.connectionRateLimitPerMinute!;
  }

  /**
   * Track connection by IP
   */
  private trackConnectionByIP(ip: string, connectionId: string): void {
    if (!this.connectionsByIP.has(ip)) {
      this.connectionsByIP.set(ip, new Set());
    }
    this.connectionsByIP.get(ip)!.add(connectionId);
  }

  /**
   * Remove connection tracking for an IP
   */
  private removeConnectionByIP(ip: string, connectionId: string): void {
    if (this.connectionsByIP.has(ip)) {
      const connections = this.connectionsByIP.get(ip)!;
      connections.delete(connectionId);
      if (connections.size === 0) {
        this.connectionsByIP.delete(ip);
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * Track connection termination statistic
   */
  private incrementTerminationStat(side: 'incoming' | 'outgoing', reason: string): void {
    this.terminationStats[side][reason] = (this.terminationStats[side][reason] || 0) + 1;
  }

  /**
   * Update connection activity timestamp with enhanced sleep detection
   * Improved for chained proxy scenarios and more aggressive handling of stale connections
   */
  private updateActivity(record: IConnectionRecord): void {
    // Get the current time
    const now = Date.now();

    // Check if there was a large time gap that suggests system sleep
    if (record.lastActivity > 0) {
      const timeDiff = now - record.lastActivity;

      // Enhanced sleep detection with graduated thresholds - much more relaxed
      // Using chain detection from settings instead of recalculating
      const isChainedProxy = this.settings.isChainedProxy || false;
      const minuteInMs = 60 * 1000;
      const hourInMs = 60 * minuteInMs;
      
      // Significantly relaxed thresholds for better stability
      const shortInactivityThreshold = 30 * minuteInMs;  // 30 minutes
      const mediumInactivityThreshold = 2 * hourInMs;    // 2 hours
      const longInactivityThreshold = 8 * hourInMs;      // 8 hours
      
      // Short inactivity (10-15 mins) - Might be temporary network issue or short sleep
      if (timeDiff > shortInactivityThreshold) {
        if (record.isTLS && !record.possibleSystemSleep) {
          // Record first detection of possible sleep/inactivity
          record.possibleSystemSleep = true;
          record.lastSleepDetection = now;
          
          if (this.settings.enableDetailedLogging) {
            console.log(
              `[${record.id}] Detected possible short inactivity for ${plugins.prettyMs(timeDiff)}. ` +
              `Monitoring for TLS connection health.`
            );
          }
          
          // For TLS connections, send a minimal probe to check connection health
          if (!record.usingNetworkProxy && record.outgoing && !record.outgoing.destroyed) {
            try {
              record.outgoing.write(Buffer.alloc(0));
            } catch (err) {
              console.log(`[${record.id}] Error sending TLS probe: ${err}`);
            }
          }
        }
      }
      
      // Medium inactivity (20-30 mins) - Likely a sleep event or network change
      if (timeDiff > mediumInactivityThreshold && record.hasKeepAlive) {
        console.log(
          `[${record.id}] Detected medium inactivity period for ${plugins.prettyMs(timeDiff)}. ` +
          `Taking proactive steps for connection health.`
        );
        
        // For TLS connections, we need more aggressive handling
        if (record.isTLS && record.tlsHandshakeComplete) {
          // If in a chained proxy, we should be even more aggressive about refreshing
          if (isChainedProxy) {
            console.log(
              `[${record.id}] TLS connection in chained proxy inactive for ${plugins.prettyMs(timeDiff)}. ` +
              `Closing to prevent certificate inconsistencies across chain.`
            );
            return this.initiateCleanupOnce(record, 'chained_proxy_inactivity');
          }
          
          // For TLS in single proxy, try refresh first
          console.log(
            `[${record.id}] TLS connection inactive for ${plugins.prettyMs(timeDiff)}. ` +
            `Attempting active refresh of TLS state.`
          );
          
          // Attempt deep TLS state refresh with buffer flush
          this.performDeepTlsRefresh(record);
          
          // Schedule verification check with tighter timing for chained setups
          const verificationTimeout = isChainedProxy ? 5 * minuteInMs : 10 * minuteInMs;
          const refreshCheckId = record.id;
          const refreshCheck = setTimeout(() => {
            const currentRecord = this.connectionRecords.get(refreshCheckId);
            if (currentRecord) {
              const verificationTimeDiff = Date.now() - currentRecord.lastActivity;
              if (verificationTimeDiff > verificationTimeout / 2) {
                console.log(
                  `[${refreshCheckId}] No activity detected after TLS refresh (${plugins.prettyMs(verificationTimeDiff)}). ` +
                  `Closing connection to ensure proper browser reconnection.`
                );
                this.initiateCleanupOnce(currentRecord, 'tls_refresh_verification_failed');
              }
            }
          }, verificationTimeout);
          
          // Make sure timeout doesn't keep the process alive
          if (refreshCheck.unref) {
            refreshCheck.unref();
          }
        }

        // Update sleep detection markers
        record.possibleSystemSleep = true;
        record.lastSleepDetection = now;
      }
      
      // Long inactivity (60-120 mins) - Definite sleep/suspend or major network change
      if (timeDiff > longInactivityThreshold) {
        console.log(
          `[${record.id}] Detected long inactivity period of ${plugins.prettyMs(timeDiff)}. ` +
          `Closing connection to ensure fresh certificate context.`
        );
        
        // For long periods, we always want to force close and let browser reconnect
        // This ensures fresh certificates and proper TLS context across the chain
        return this.initiateCleanupOnce(record, 'extended_inactivity_refresh');
      }
    }

    // Update the activity timestamp
    record.lastActivity = now;

    // Clear any inactivity warning
    if (record.inactivityWarningIssued) {
      record.inactivityWarningIssued = false;
    }
  }

  /**
   * Perform deep TLS state refresh after sleep detection
   * More aggressive than the standard refresh, specifically designed for
   * recovering connections after system sleep in chained proxy setups
   */
  private performDeepTlsRefresh(record: IConnectionRecord): void {
    // Skip if we're using a NetworkProxy as it handles its own TLS state
    if (record.usingNetworkProxy) {
      return;
    }

    try {
      // For outgoing connections that might need to be refreshed
      if (record.outgoing && !record.outgoing.destroyed) {
        // Check how long this connection has been established
        const connectionAge = Date.now() - record.incomingStartTime;
        const hourInMs = 60 * 60 * 1000;

        // For very long-lived connections, just close them
        if (connectionAge > 4 * hourInMs) { // Reduced from 8 hours to 4 hours for chained proxies
          console.log(
            `[${record.id}] Long-lived TLS connection (${plugins.prettyMs(connectionAge)}). ` +
            `Closing to ensure proper certificate handling across proxy chain.`
          );
          return this.initiateCleanupOnce(record, 'certificate_age_refresh');
        }

        // Perform a series of actions to try to refresh the TLS state
        
        // 1. Send a zero-length buffer to trigger any pending errors
        record.outgoing.write(Buffer.alloc(0));
        
        // 2. Check socket state
        if (record.outgoing.writableEnded || !record.outgoing.writable) {
          console.log(`[${record.id}] Socket no longer writable during refresh`);
          return this.initiateCleanupOnce(record, 'socket_state_error');
        }
        
        // 3. For TLS connections, try to force background renegotiation
        // by manipulating socket timeouts
        const originalTimeout = record.outgoing.timeout;
        record.outgoing.setTimeout(100); // Set very short timeout
        
        // 4. Create a small delay to allow timeout to process
        setTimeout(() => {
          try {
            if (record.outgoing && !record.outgoing.destroyed) {
              // Reset timeout to original value
              record.outgoing.setTimeout(originalTimeout || 0);
              
              // Send another probe with random data (16 bytes) that will be ignored by TLS layer
              // but might trigger internal state updates in the TLS implementation
              const probeBuffer = Buffer.alloc(16);
              // Fill with random data
              for (let i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
                probeBuffer[i] = Math.floor(Math.random() * 256);
              }
              record.outgoing.write(Buffer.alloc(0));
              
              if (this.settings.enableDetailedLogging) {
                console.log(`[${record.id}] Completed deep TLS refresh sequence`);
              }
            }
          } catch (innerErr) {
            console.log(`[${record.id}] Error during deep TLS refresh: ${innerErr}`);
            this.initiateCleanupOnce(record, 'deep_refresh_error');
          }
        }, 150);

        if (this.settings.enableDetailedLogging) {
          console.log(`[${record.id}] Initiated deep TLS refresh sequence`);
        }
      }
    } catch (err) {
      console.log(`[${record.id}] Error starting TLS state refresh: ${err}`);

      // If we hit an error, it's likely the connection is already broken
      // Force cleanup to ensure browser reconnects cleanly
      return this.initiateCleanupOnce(record, 'tls_refresh_error');
    }
  }
  
  /**
   * Legacy refresh method for backward compatibility
   */
  private refreshTlsStateAfterSleep(record: IConnectionRecord): void {
    return this.performDeepTlsRefresh(record);
  }

  /**
   * Cleans up a connection record.
   * Destroys both incoming and outgoing sockets, clears timers, and removes the record.
   * @param record - The connection record to clean up
   * @param reason - Optional reason for cleanup (for logging)
   */
  private cleanupConnection(record: IConnectionRecord, reason: string = 'normal'): void {
    if (!record.connectionClosed) {
      record.connectionClosed = true;

      // Track connection termination
      this.removeConnectionByIP(record.remoteIP, record.id);

      if (record.cleanupTimer) {
        clearTimeout(record.cleanupTimer);
        record.cleanupTimer = undefined;
      }

      // Detailed logging data
      const duration = Date.now() - record.incomingStartTime;
      const bytesReceived = record.bytesReceived;
      const bytesSent = record.bytesSent;

      try {
        if (!record.incoming.destroyed) {
          // Try graceful shutdown first, then force destroy after a short timeout
          record.incoming.end();
          const incomingTimeout = setTimeout(() => {
            try {
              if (record && !record.incoming.destroyed) {
                record.incoming.destroy();
              }
            } catch (err) {
              console.log(`[${record.id}] Error destroying incoming socket: ${err}`);
            }
          }, 1000);

          // Ensure the timeout doesn't block Node from exiting
          if (incomingTimeout.unref) {
            incomingTimeout.unref();
          }
        }
      } catch (err) {
        console.log(`[${record.id}] Error closing incoming socket: ${err}`);
        try {
          if (!record.incoming.destroyed) {
            record.incoming.destroy();
          }
        } catch (destroyErr) {
          console.log(`[${record.id}] Error destroying incoming socket: ${destroyErr}`);
        }
      }

      try {
        if (record.outgoing && !record.outgoing.destroyed) {
          // Try graceful shutdown first, then force destroy after a short timeout
          record.outgoing.end();
          const outgoingTimeout = setTimeout(() => {
            try {
              if (record && record.outgoing && !record.outgoing.destroyed) {
                record.outgoing.destroy();
              }
            } catch (err) {
              console.log(`[${record.id}] Error destroying outgoing socket: ${err}`);
            }
          }, 1000);

          // Ensure the timeout doesn't block Node from exiting
          if (outgoingTimeout.unref) {
            outgoingTimeout.unref();
          }
        }
      } catch (err) {
        console.log(`[${record.id}] Error closing outgoing socket: ${err}`);
        try {
          if (record.outgoing && !record.outgoing.destroyed) {
            record.outgoing.destroy();
          }
        } catch (destroyErr) {
          console.log(`[${record.id}] Error destroying outgoing socket: ${destroyErr}`);
        }
      }

      // Clear pendingData to avoid memory leaks
      record.pendingData = [];
      record.pendingDataSize = 0;

      // Remove the record from the tracking map
      this.connectionRecords.delete(record.id);

      // Log connection details
      if (this.settings.enableDetailedLogging) {
        console.log(
          `[${record.id}] Connection from ${record.remoteIP} on port ${record.localPort} terminated (${reason}).` +
            ` Duration: ${plugins.prettyMs(
              duration
            )}, Bytes IN: ${bytesReceived}, OUT: ${bytesSent}, ` +
            `TLS: ${record.isTLS ? 'Yes' : 'No'}, Keep-Alive: ${
              record.hasKeepAlive ? 'Yes' : 'No'
            }` +
            `${record.usingNetworkProxy ? `, NetworkProxy: ${record.networkProxyIndex}` : ''}`
        );
      } else {
        console.log(
          `[${record.id}] Connection from ${record.remoteIP} terminated (${reason}). Active connections: ${this.connectionRecords.size}`
        );
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * Get target IP with round-robin support
   */
  private getTargetIP(domainConfig: IDomainConfig): string {
    if (domainConfig.targetIPs && domainConfig.targetIPs.length > 0) {
      const currentIndex = this.domainTargetIndices.get(domainConfig) || 0;
      const ip = domainConfig.targetIPs[currentIndex % domainConfig.targetIPs.length];
      this.domainTargetIndices.set(domainConfig, currentIndex + 1);
      return ip;
    }
    return this.settings.targetIP!;
  }

  /**
   * Initiates cleanup once for a connection
   */
  private initiateCleanupOnce(record: IConnectionRecord, reason: string = 'normal'): void {
    if (this.settings.enableDetailedLogging) {
      console.log(`[${record.id}] Connection cleanup initiated for ${record.remoteIP} (${reason})`);
    }

    if (
      record.incomingTerminationReason === null ||
      record.incomingTerminationReason === undefined
    ) {
      record.incomingTerminationReason = reason;
      this.incrementTerminationStat('incoming', reason);
    }

    this.cleanupConnection(record, reason);
  }

  /**
   * Creates a generic error handler for incoming or outgoing sockets
   */
  private handleError(side: 'incoming' | 'outgoing', record: IConnectionRecord) {
    return (err: Error) => {
      const code = (err as any).code;
      let reason = 'error';

      const now = Date.now();
      const connectionDuration = now - record.incomingStartTime;
      const lastActivityAge = now - record.lastActivity;

      if (code === 'ECONNRESET') {
        reason = 'econnreset';
        console.log(
          `[${record.id}] ECONNRESET on ${side} side from ${record.remoteIP}: ${
            err.message
          }. Duration: ${plugins.prettyMs(connectionDuration)}, Last activity: ${plugins.prettyMs(
            lastActivityAge
          )} ago`
        );
      } else if (code === 'ETIMEDOUT') {
        reason = 'etimedout';
        console.log(
          `[${record.id}] ETIMEDOUT on ${side} side from ${record.remoteIP}: ${
            err.message
          }. Duration: ${plugins.prettyMs(connectionDuration)}, Last activity: ${plugins.prettyMs(
            lastActivityAge
          )} ago`
        );
      } else {
        console.log(
          `[${record.id}] Error on ${side} side from ${record.remoteIP}: ${
            err.message
          }. Duration: ${plugins.prettyMs(connectionDuration)}, Last activity: ${plugins.prettyMs(
            lastActivityAge
          )} ago`
        );
      }

      if (side === 'incoming' && record.incomingTerminationReason === null) {
        record.incomingTerminationReason = reason;
        this.incrementTerminationStat('incoming', reason);
      } else if (side === 'outgoing' && record.outgoingTerminationReason === null) {
        record.outgoingTerminationReason = reason;
        this.incrementTerminationStat('outgoing', reason);
      }

      this.initiateCleanupOnce(record, reason);
    };
  }

  /**
   * Creates a generic close handler for incoming or outgoing sockets
   */
  private handleClose(side: 'incoming' | 'outgoing', record: IConnectionRecord) {
    return () => {
      if (this.settings.enableDetailedLogging) {
        console.log(`[${record.id}] Connection closed on ${side} side from ${record.remoteIP}`);
      }

      if (side === 'incoming' && record.incomingTerminationReason === null) {
        record.incomingTerminationReason = 'normal';
        this.incrementTerminationStat('incoming', 'normal');
      } else if (side === 'outgoing' && record.outgoingTerminationReason === null) {
        record.outgoingTerminationReason = 'normal';
        this.incrementTerminationStat('outgoing', 'normal');
        // Record the time when outgoing socket closed.
        record.outgoingClosedTime = Date.now();
      }

      this.initiateCleanupOnce(record, 'closed_' + side);
    };
  }

  /**
   * Main method to start the proxy
   */
  public async start() {
    // Don't start if already shutting down
    if (this.isShuttingDown) {
      console.log("Cannot start PortProxy while it's shutting down");
      return;
    }

    // Define a unified connection handler for all listening ports.
    const connectionHandler = (socket: plugins.net.Socket) => {
      if (this.isShuttingDown) {
        socket.end();
        socket.destroy();
        return;
      }

      const remoteIP = socket.remoteAddress || '';
      const localPort = socket.localPort || 0; // The port on which this connection was accepted.

      // Check rate limits
      if (
        this.settings.maxConnectionsPerIP &&
        this.getConnectionCountByIP(remoteIP) >= this.settings.maxConnectionsPerIP
      ) {
        console.log(
          `Connection rejected from ${remoteIP}: Maximum connections per IP (${this.settings.maxConnectionsPerIP}) exceeded`
        );
        socket.end();
        socket.destroy();
        return;
      }

      if (this.settings.connectionRateLimitPerMinute && !this.checkConnectionRate(remoteIP)) {
        console.log(
          `Connection rejected from ${remoteIP}: Connection rate limit (${this.settings.connectionRateLimitPerMinute}/min) exceeded`
        );
        socket.end();
        socket.destroy();
        return;
      }

      // Apply socket optimizations
      socket.setNoDelay(this.settings.noDelay);

      // Create a unique connection ID and record
      const connectionId = generateConnectionId();
      const connectionRecord: IConnectionRecord = {
        id: connectionId,
        incoming: socket,
        outgoing: null,
        incomingStartTime: Date.now(),
        lastActivity: Date.now(),
        connectionClosed: false,
        pendingData: [],
        pendingDataSize: 0,

        // Initialize enhanced tracking fields
        bytesReceived: 0,
        bytesSent: 0,
        remoteIP: remoteIP,
        localPort: localPort,
        isTLS: false,
        tlsHandshakeComplete: false,
        hasReceivedInitialData: false,
        hasKeepAlive: false, // Will set to true if keep-alive is applied
        incomingTerminationReason: null,
        outgoingTerminationReason: null,

        // Initialize NetworkProxy tracking fields
        usingNetworkProxy: false,

        // Initialize sleep detection fields
        possibleSystemSleep: false,
        
        // Track keep-alive state for both sides of the connection
        incomingKeepAliveEnabled: false,
        outgoingKeepAliveEnabled: false,
      };

      // Apply keep-alive settings if enabled
      if (this.settings.keepAlive) {
        // Configure incoming socket keep-alive
        socket.setKeepAlive(true, this.settings.keepAliveInitialDelay);
        connectionRecord.hasKeepAlive = true; // Mark connection as having keep-alive
        connectionRecord.incomingKeepAliveEnabled = true;
        
        console.log(`[${connectionId}] Keep-alive enabled on incoming connection with initial delay: ${this.settings.keepAliveInitialDelay}ms`);

        // Apply enhanced TCP keep-alive options if enabled
        if (this.settings.enableKeepAliveProbes) {
          try {
            // These are platform-specific and may not be available
            if ('setKeepAliveProbes' in socket) {
              (socket as any).setKeepAliveProbes(10); // More aggressive probing
            }
            if ('setKeepAliveInterval' in socket) {
              (socket as any).setKeepAliveInterval(1000); // 1 second interval between probes
            }
            
            console.log(`[${connectionId}] Enhanced TCP keep-alive probes configured on incoming connection`);
          } catch (err) {
            // Ignore errors - these are optional enhancements
            if (this.settings.enableDetailedLogging) {
              console.log(
                `[${connectionId}] Enhanced TCP keep-alive settings not supported: ${err}`
              );
            }
          }
        }
      }

      // Track connection by IP
      this.trackConnectionByIP(remoteIP, connectionId);
      this.connectionRecords.set(connectionId, connectionRecord);

      if (this.settings.enableDetailedLogging) {
        console.log(
          `[${connectionId}] New connection from ${remoteIP} on port ${localPort}. ` +
            `Keep-Alive: ${connectionRecord.hasKeepAlive ? 'Enabled' : 'Disabled'}. ` +
            `Active connections: ${this.connectionRecords.size}`
        );
      } else {
        console.log(
          `New connection from ${remoteIP} on port ${localPort}. Active connections: ${this.connectionRecords.size}`
        );
      }

      let initialDataReceived = false;

      // Define helpers for rejecting connections
      const rejectIncomingConnection = (reason: string, logMessage: string) => {
        console.log(`[${connectionId}] ${logMessage}`);
        socket.end();
        if (connectionRecord.incomingTerminationReason === null) {
          connectionRecord.incomingTerminationReason = reason;
          this.incrementTerminationStat('incoming', reason);
        }
        this.cleanupConnection(connectionRecord, reason);
      };

      // Set an initial timeout for SNI data if needed
      let initialTimeout: NodeJS.Timeout | null = null;
      if (this.settings.sniEnabled) {
        initialTimeout = setTimeout(() => {
          if (!initialDataReceived) {
            console.log(
              `[${connectionId}] Initial data timeout (${this.settings.initialDataTimeout}ms) for connection from ${remoteIP} on port ${localPort}`
            );
            if (connectionRecord.incomingTerminationReason === null) {
              connectionRecord.incomingTerminationReason = 'initial_timeout';
              this.incrementTerminationStat('incoming', 'initial_timeout');
            }
            socket.end();
            this.cleanupConnection(connectionRecord, 'initial_timeout');
          }
        }, this.settings.initialDataTimeout!);

        // Make sure timeout doesn't keep the process alive
        if (initialTimeout.unref) {
          initialTimeout.unref();
        }
      } else {
        initialDataReceived = true;
        connectionRecord.hasReceivedInitialData = true;
      }

      socket.on('error', this.handleError('incoming', connectionRecord));

      // Track data for bytes counting
      socket.on('data', (chunk: Buffer) => {
        connectionRecord.bytesReceived += chunk.length;
        this.updateActivity(connectionRecord);

        // Check for TLS handshake if this is the first chunk
        if (!connectionRecord.isTLS && isTlsHandshake(chunk)) {
          connectionRecord.isTLS = true;

          if (this.settings.enableTlsDebugLogging) {
            console.log(
              `[${connectionId}] TLS handshake detected from ${remoteIP}, ${chunk.length} bytes`
            );
            // Try to extract SNI and log detailed debug info
            extractSNI(chunk, true);
          }
        }
      });

      /**
       * Sets up the connection to the target host or NetworkProxy.
       * @param serverName - The SNI hostname (unused when forcedDomain is provided).
       * @param initialChunk - Optional initial data chunk.
       * @param forcedDomain - If provided, overrides SNI/domain lookup (used for port-based routing).
       * @param overridePort - If provided, use this port for the outgoing connection.
       */
      const setupConnection = (
        serverName: string,
        initialChunk?: Buffer,
        forcedDomain?: IDomainConfig,
        overridePort?: number
      ) => {
        // Clear the initial timeout since we've received data
        if (initialTimeout) {
          clearTimeout(initialTimeout);
          initialTimeout = null;
        }

        // Mark that we've received initial data
        initialDataReceived = true;
        connectionRecord.hasReceivedInitialData = true;

        // Check if this looks like a TLS handshake
        const isTlsHandshakeDetected = initialChunk && isTlsHandshake(initialChunk);
        if (isTlsHandshakeDetected) {
          connectionRecord.isTLS = true;

          if (this.settings.enableTlsDebugLogging) {
            console.log(
              `[${connectionId}] TLS handshake detected in setup, ${initialChunk.length} bytes`
            );
          }
        }

        // If a forcedDomain is provided (port-based routing), use it; otherwise, use SNI-based lookup.
        let domainConfig = forcedDomain
          ? forcedDomain
          : serverName
          ? this.settings.domainConfigs.find((config) =>
              config.domains.some((d) => plugins.minimatch(serverName, d))
            )
          : undefined;
          
        // Enhanced logging to diagnose domain config selection issues
        if (serverName && !domainConfig) {
          console.log(`[${connectionId}] WARNING: No domain config found for SNI: ${serverName}`);
          console.log(`[${connectionId}] Available domains:`, 
            this.settings.domainConfigs.map(config => config.domains.join(',')).join(' | '));
        } else if (serverName && domainConfig) {
          console.log(`[${connectionId}] Found domain config for SNI: ${serverName} -> ${domainConfig.domains.join(',')}`);
        }

        // For session resumption, ensure we use the domain config matching the resumed domain
        // The resumed domain will be in serverName if this is a session resumption
        if (serverName && connectionRecord.lockedDomain === serverName && serverName !== '') {
          // Override domain config lookup for session resumption - crucial for certificate selection
          
          // First try an exact match
          let resumedDomainConfig = this.settings.domainConfigs.find((config) =>
            config.domains.some((d) => plugins.minimatch(serverName, d))
          );
          
          // If no exact match found, try a more flexible approach using domain parts
          if (!resumedDomainConfig) {
            console.log(`[${connectionId}] No exact domain config match for resumed domain: ${serverName}, trying flexible matching`);
            
            // Extract domain parts (e.g., for "sub.example.com" try matching with "*.example.com")
            const domainParts = serverName.split('.');
            
            // Try matching with parent domains or wildcard patterns
            if (domainParts.length > 2) {
              const parentDomain = domainParts.slice(1).join('.');
              const wildcardDomain = '*.' + parentDomain;
              
              console.log(`[${connectionId}] Trying alternative patterns: ${parentDomain} or ${wildcardDomain}`);
              
              resumedDomainConfig = this.settings.domainConfigs.find((config) =>
                config.domains.some((d) => 
                  d === parentDomain || 
                  d === wildcardDomain ||
                  plugins.minimatch(parentDomain, d)
                )
              );
            }
          }
          
          if (resumedDomainConfig) {
            domainConfig = resumedDomainConfig;
            console.log(`[${connectionId}] Found domain config for resumed session: ${serverName} -> ${resumedDomainConfig.domains.join(',')}`);
          } else {
            // As a fallback, use the first domain config with the same target IP if possible
            if (domainConfig && domainConfig.targetIPs && domainConfig.targetIPs.length > 0) {
              const targetIP = domainConfig.targetIPs[0];
              
              const similarConfig = this.settings.domainConfigs.find((config) =>
                config.targetIPs && config.targetIPs.includes(targetIP)
              );
              
              if (similarConfig && similarConfig !== domainConfig) {
                console.log(`[${connectionId}] Using similar domain config with matching target IP for resumed domain: ${serverName}`);
                domainConfig = similarConfig;
              } else {
                console.log(`[${connectionId}] WARNING: Cannot find domain config for resumed domain: ${serverName}`);
                // Log available domains to help diagnose the issue
                console.log(`[${connectionId}] Available domains:`, 
                  this.settings.domainConfigs.map(config => config.domains.join(',')).join(' | '));
              }
            } else {
              console.log(`[${connectionId}] WARNING: Cannot find domain config for resumed domain: ${serverName}`);
              // Log available domains to help diagnose the issue
              console.log(`[${connectionId}] Available domains:`, 
                this.settings.domainConfigs.map(config => config.domains.join(',')).join(' | '));
            }
          }
        }
        
        // Save domain config in connection record
        connectionRecord.domainConfig = domainConfig;
        
        // Always set the lockedDomain, even for non-SNI connections
        if (serverName) {
          connectionRecord.lockedDomain = serverName;
          console.log(`[${connectionId}] Locked connection to domain: ${serverName}`);
        }

        // IP validation is skipped if allowedIPs is empty
        if (domainConfig) {
          const effectiveAllowedIPs: string[] = [
            ...domainConfig.allowedIPs,
            ...(this.settings.defaultAllowedIPs || []),
          ];
          const effectiveBlockedIPs: string[] = [
            ...(domainConfig.blockedIPs || []),
            ...(this.settings.defaultBlockedIPs || []),
          ];

          // Skip IP validation if allowedIPs is empty
          if (
            domainConfig.allowedIPs.length > 0 &&
            !isGlobIPAllowed(remoteIP, effectiveAllowedIPs, effectiveBlockedIPs)
          ) {
            return rejectIncomingConnection(
              'rejected',
              `Connection rejected: IP ${remoteIP} not allowed for domain ${domainConfig.domains.join(
                ', '
              )}`
            );
          }

          // Check if we should forward this to a NetworkProxy
          if (
            isTlsHandshakeDetected &&
            domainConfig.useNetworkProxy === true &&
            initialChunk &&
            this.networkProxies.length > 0
          ) {
            return this.forwardToNetworkProxy(
              connectionId,
              socket,
              connectionRecord,
              domainConfig,
              initialChunk,
              serverName
            );
          }
        } else if (this.settings.defaultAllowedIPs && this.settings.defaultAllowedIPs.length > 0) {
          if (
            !isGlobIPAllowed(
              remoteIP,
              this.settings.defaultAllowedIPs,
              this.settings.defaultBlockedIPs || []
            )
          ) {
            return rejectIncomingConnection(
              'rejected',
              `Connection rejected: IP ${remoteIP} not allowed by default allowed list`
            );
          }
        }

        // If we didn't forward to NetworkProxy, proceed with direct connection
        return this.setupDirectConnection(
          connectionId,
          socket,
          connectionRecord,
          domainConfig,
          serverName,
          initialChunk,
          overridePort
        );
      };

      // --- PORT RANGE-BASED HANDLING ---
      // Only apply port-based rules if the incoming port is within one of the global port ranges.
      if (
        this.settings.globalPortRanges &&
        isPortInRanges(localPort, this.settings.globalPortRanges)
      ) {
        if (this.settings.forwardAllGlobalRanges) {
          if (
            this.settings.defaultAllowedIPs &&
            this.settings.defaultAllowedIPs.length > 0 &&
            !isAllowed(remoteIP, this.settings.defaultAllowedIPs)
          ) {
            console.log(
              `[${connectionId}] Connection from ${remoteIP} rejected: IP ${remoteIP} not allowed in global default allowed list.`
            );
            socket.end();
            return;
          }
          if (this.settings.enableDetailedLogging) {
            console.log(
              `[${connectionId}] Port-based connection from ${remoteIP} on port ${localPort} forwarded to global target IP ${this.settings.targetIP}.`
            );
          }
          setupConnection(
            '',
            undefined,
            {
              domains: ['global'],
              allowedIPs: this.settings.defaultAllowedIPs || [],
              blockedIPs: this.settings.defaultBlockedIPs || [],
              targetIPs: [this.settings.targetIP!],
              portRanges: [],
            },
            localPort
          );
          return;
        } else {
          // Attempt to find a matching forced domain config based on the local port.
          const forcedDomain = this.settings.domainConfigs.find(
            (domain) =>
              domain.portRanges &&
              domain.portRanges.length > 0 &&
              isPortInRanges(localPort, domain.portRanges)
          );
          if (forcedDomain) {
            const effectiveAllowedIPs: string[] = [
              ...forcedDomain.allowedIPs,
              ...(this.settings.defaultAllowedIPs || []),
            ];
            const effectiveBlockedIPs: string[] = [
              ...(forcedDomain.blockedIPs || []),
              ...(this.settings.defaultBlockedIPs || []),
            ];
            if (!isGlobIPAllowed(remoteIP, effectiveAllowedIPs, effectiveBlockedIPs)) {
              console.log(
                `[${connectionId}] Connection from ${remoteIP} rejected: IP not allowed for domain ${forcedDomain.domains.join(
                  ', '
                )} on port ${localPort}.`
              );
              socket.end();
              return;
            }
            if (this.settings.enableDetailedLogging) {
              console.log(
                `[${connectionId}] Port-based connection from ${remoteIP} on port ${localPort} matched domain ${forcedDomain.domains.join(
                  ', '
                )}.`
              );
            }
            setupConnection('', undefined, forcedDomain, localPort);
            return;
          }
          // Fall through to SNI/default handling if no forced domain config is found.
        }
      }

      // --- FALLBACK: SNI-BASED HANDLING (or default when SNI is disabled) ---
      if (this.settings.sniEnabled) {
        initialDataReceived = false;

        socket.once('data', (chunk: Buffer) => {
          if (initialTimeout) {
            clearTimeout(initialTimeout);
            initialTimeout = null;
          }

          initialDataReceived = true;

          // Try to extract SNI - with enhanced logging for troubleshooting
          let serverName = '';
          
          // Record the chunk size for diagnostic purposes
          console.log(`[${connectionId}] Received initial data: ${chunk.length} bytes`);

          if (isTlsHandshake(chunk)) {
            connectionRecord.isTLS = true;

            console.log(`[${connectionId}] Detected TLS handshake`);
            
            if (this.settings.enableTlsDebugLogging) {
              console.log(
                `[${connectionId}] Extracting SNI from TLS handshake, ${chunk.length} bytes`
              );
            }

            // Extract all TLS information including session resumption
            const sniInfo = extractSNIInfo(chunk, this.settings.enableTlsDebugLogging);
            
            if (sniInfo?.isResumption && sniInfo.resumedDomain) {
              // This is a session resumption with a known domain
              serverName = sniInfo.resumedDomain;
              console.log(`[${connectionId}] TLS Session resumption detected for domain: ${serverName}`);
              
              // When resuming a session, explicitly set the domain in the record to ensure proper routing
              // This is CRITICAL for ensuring we select the correct backend/certificate
              connectionRecord.lockedDomain = serverName;
              
              // Force detailed logging for resumed sessions to help with troubleshooting
              console.log(`[${connectionId}] Resuming TLS session for domain ${serverName} - will use original certificate`);
            } else {
              // Normal SNI extraction
              serverName = sniInfo?.serverName || '';
              
              if (serverName) {
                console.log(`[${connectionId}] Extracted SNI domain: ${serverName}`);
              } else {
                console.log(`[${connectionId}] No SNI found in TLS handshake`);
              }
            }
          } else {
            console.log(`[${connectionId}] Non-TLS connection detected`);
          }

          // Lock the connection to the negotiated SNI.
          connectionRecord.lockedDomain = serverName;

          if (this.settings.enableDetailedLogging) {
            console.log(
              `[${connectionId}] Received connection from ${remoteIP} with SNI: ${
                serverName || '(empty)'
              }`
            );
          }

          setupConnection(serverName, chunk);
        });
      } else {
        initialDataReceived = true;
        connectionRecord.hasReceivedInitialData = true;

        if (
          this.settings.defaultAllowedIPs &&
          this.settings.defaultAllowedIPs.length > 0 &&
          !isAllowed(remoteIP, this.settings.defaultAllowedIPs)
        ) {
          return rejectIncomingConnection(
            'rejected',
            `Connection rejected: IP ${remoteIP} not allowed for non-SNI connection`
          );
        }

        setupConnection('');
      }
    };

    // --- SETUP LISTENERS ---
    // Determine which ports to listen on.
    const listeningPorts = new Set<number>();
    if (this.settings.globalPortRanges && this.settings.globalPortRanges.length > 0) {
      // Listen on every port defined by the global ranges.
      for (const range of this.settings.globalPortRanges) {
        for (let port = range.from; port <= range.to; port++) {
          listeningPorts.add(port);
        }
      }
      // Also ensure the default fromPort is listened to if it isn't already in the ranges.
      listeningPorts.add(this.settings.fromPort);
    } else {
      listeningPorts.add(this.settings.fromPort);
    }

    // Create a server for each port.
    for (const port of listeningPorts) {
      const server = plugins.net.createServer(connectionHandler).on('error', (err: Error) => {
        console.log(`Server Error on port ${port}: ${err.message}`);
      });
      server.listen(port, () => {
        console.log(
          `PortProxy -> OK: Now listening on port ${port}${
            this.settings.sniEnabled ? ' (SNI passthrough enabled)' : ''
          }${this.networkProxies.length > 0 ? ' (NetworkProxy integration enabled)' : ''}`
        );
      });
      this.netServers.push(server);
    }

    // Log active connection count, longest running durations, and run parity checks periodically
    this.connectionLogger = setInterval(() => {
      // Immediately return if shutting down
      if (this.isShuttingDown) return;

      const now = Date.now();
      let maxIncoming = 0;
      let maxOutgoing = 0;
      let tlsConnections = 0;
      let nonTlsConnections = 0;
      let completedTlsHandshakes = 0;
      let pendingTlsHandshakes = 0;
      let keepAliveConnections = 0;
      let networkProxyConnections = 0;

      // Create a copy of the keys to avoid modification during iteration
      const connectionIds = [...this.connectionRecords.keys()];

      for (const id of connectionIds) {
        const record = this.connectionRecords.get(id);
        if (!record) continue;

        // Track connection stats
        if (record.isTLS) {
          tlsConnections++;
          if (record.tlsHandshakeComplete) {
            completedTlsHandshakes++;
          } else {
            pendingTlsHandshakes++;
          }
        } else {
          nonTlsConnections++;
        }

        if (record.hasKeepAlive) {
          keepAliveConnections++;
        }

        if (record.usingNetworkProxy) {
          networkProxyConnections++;
        }

        maxIncoming = Math.max(maxIncoming, now - record.incomingStartTime);
        if (record.outgoingStartTime) {
          maxOutgoing = Math.max(maxOutgoing, now - record.outgoingStartTime);
        }

        // Parity check: if outgoing socket closed and incoming remains active
        if (
          record.outgoingClosedTime &&
          !record.incoming.destroyed &&
          !record.connectionClosed &&
          now - record.outgoingClosedTime > 120000
        ) {
          const remoteIP = record.remoteIP;
          console.log(
            `[${id}] Parity check: Incoming socket for ${remoteIP} still active ${plugins.prettyMs(
              now - record.outgoingClosedTime
            )} after outgoing closed.`
          );
          this.cleanupConnection(record, 'parity_check');
        }

        // Check for stalled connections waiting for initial data
        if (
          !record.hasReceivedInitialData &&
          now - record.incomingStartTime > this.settings.initialDataTimeout! / 2
        ) {
          console.log(
            `[${id}] Warning: Connection from ${
              record.remoteIP
            } has not received initial data after ${plugins.prettyMs(
              now - record.incomingStartTime
            )}`
          );
        }

        // Skip inactivity check if disabled or for immortal keep-alive connections
        if (
          !this.settings.disableInactivityCheck &&
          !(record.hasKeepAlive && this.settings.keepAliveTreatment === 'immortal')
        ) {
          const inactivityTime = now - record.lastActivity;

          // Special handling for TLS keep-alive connections
          if (
            record.hasKeepAlive &&
            record.isTLS &&
            inactivityTime > this.settings.inactivityTimeout! / 2
          ) {
            // For TLS keep-alive connections that are getting stale, try to refresh before closing
            if (!record.inactivityWarningIssued) {
              console.log(
                `[${id}] TLS keep-alive connection from ${
                  record.remoteIP
                } inactive for ${plugins.prettyMs(inactivityTime)}. ` +
                  `Attempting to preserve connection.`
              );

              // Set warning flag but give a much longer grace period for TLS connections
              record.inactivityWarningIssued = true;

              // For TLS connections, extend the last activity time considerably
              // This gives browsers more time to re-establish the connection properly
              record.lastActivity = now - this.settings.inactivityTimeout! / 3;

              // Try to stimulate the connection with a probe packet
              if (record.outgoing && !record.outgoing.destroyed) {
                try {
                  // For TLS connections, send a proper TLS heartbeat-like packet
                  // This is just a small empty buffer that won't affect the TLS session
                  record.outgoing.write(Buffer.alloc(0));

                  if (this.settings.enableDetailedLogging) {
                    console.log(`[${id}] Sent TLS keep-alive probe packet`);
                  }
                } catch (err) {
                  console.log(`[${id}] Error sending TLS probe packet: ${err}`);
                }
              }

              // Don't proceed to the normal inactivity check logic
              continue;
            }
          }

          // Use extended timeout for extended-treatment keep-alive connections
          let effectiveTimeout = this.settings.inactivityTimeout!;
          if (record.hasKeepAlive && this.settings.keepAliveTreatment === 'extended') {
            const multiplier = this.settings.keepAliveInactivityMultiplier || 6;
            effectiveTimeout = effectiveTimeout * multiplier;
          }

          if (inactivityTime > effectiveTimeout && !record.connectionClosed) {
            // For keep-alive connections, issue a warning first
            if (record.hasKeepAlive && !record.inactivityWarningIssued) {
              console.log(
                `[${id}] Warning: Keep-alive connection from ${
                  record.remoteIP
                } inactive for ${plugins.prettyMs(inactivityTime)}. ` +
                  `Will close in 10 minutes if no activity.`
              );

              // Set warning flag and add grace period
              record.inactivityWarningIssued = true;
              record.lastActivity = now - (effectiveTimeout - 600000);

              // Try to stimulate activity with a probe packet
              if (record.outgoing && !record.outgoing.destroyed) {
                try {
                  record.outgoing.write(Buffer.alloc(0));

                  if (this.settings.enableDetailedLogging) {
                    console.log(`[${id}] Sent probe packet to test keep-alive connection`);
                  }
                } catch (err) {
                  console.log(`[${id}] Error sending probe packet: ${err}`);
                }
              }
            } else {
              // MODIFIED: For TLS connections, be more lenient before closing
              // For TLS browser connections, we need to handle certificate context properly
              if (record.isTLS && record.hasKeepAlive) {
                // For very long inactivity, it's better to close the connection
                // so the browser establishes a new one with a fresh certificate context
                if (inactivityTime > 6 * 60 * 60 * 1000) {
                  // 6 hours
                  console.log(
                    `[${id}] TLS keep-alive connection from ${
                      record.remoteIP
                    } inactive for ${plugins.prettyMs(inactivityTime)}. ` +
                      `Closing to ensure proper certificate handling on browser reconnect.`
                  );
                  this.cleanupConnection(record, 'tls_certificate_refresh');
                } else {
                  // For shorter inactivity periods, add grace period
                  console.log(
                    `[${id}] TLS keep-alive connection from ${
                      record.remoteIP
                    } inactive for ${plugins.prettyMs(inactivityTime)}. ` +
                      `Adding extra grace period.`
                  );

                  // Give additional time for browsers to reconnect properly
                  record.lastActivity = now - effectiveTimeout / 2;
                }
              } else {
                // For non-keep-alive or after warning, close the connection
                console.log(
                  `[${id}] Inactivity check: No activity on connection from ${record.remoteIP} ` +
                    `for ${plugins.prettyMs(inactivityTime)}.` +
                    (record.hasKeepAlive ? ' Despite keep-alive being enabled.' : '')
                );
                this.cleanupConnection(record, 'inactivity');
              }
            }
          } else if (inactivityTime <= effectiveTimeout && record.inactivityWarningIssued) {
            // If activity detected after warning, clear the warning
            if (this.settings.enableDetailedLogging) {
              console.log(
                `[${id}] Connection activity detected after inactivity warning, resetting warning`
              );
            }
            record.inactivityWarningIssued = false;
          }
        }
      }

      // Log detailed stats periodically
      console.log(
        `Active connections: ${this.connectionRecords.size}. ` +
          `Types: TLS=${tlsConnections} (Completed=${completedTlsHandshakes}, Pending=${pendingTlsHandshakes}), ` +
          `Non-TLS=${nonTlsConnections}, KeepAlive=${keepAliveConnections}, NetworkProxy=${networkProxyConnections}. ` +
          `Longest running: IN=${plugins.prettyMs(maxIncoming)}, OUT=${plugins.prettyMs(
            maxOutgoing
          )}. ` +
          `Termination stats: ${JSON.stringify({
            IN: this.terminationStats.incoming,
            OUT: this.terminationStats.outgoing,
          })}`
      );
    }, this.settings.inactivityCheckInterval || 60000);

    // Make sure the interval doesn't keep the process alive
    if (this.connectionLogger.unref) {
      this.connectionLogger.unref();
    }
  }

  /**
   * Add or replace NetworkProxy instances
   */
  public setNetworkProxies(networkProxies: NetworkProxy[]): void {
    this.networkProxies = networkProxies;
    console.log(`Updated NetworkProxy instances: ${this.networkProxies.length} proxies configured`);
  }

  /**
   * Get a list of configured NetworkProxy instances
   */
  public getNetworkProxies(): NetworkProxy[] {
    return this.networkProxies;
  }

  /**
   * Gracefully shut down the proxy
   */
  public async stop() {
    console.log('PortProxy shutting down...');
    this.isShuttingDown = true;
    
    // Stop the session cleanup timer
    stopSessionCleanupTimer();

    // Stop accepting new connections
    const closeServerPromises: Promise<void>[] = this.netServers.map(
      (server) =>
        new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
          if (!server.listening) {
            resolve();
            return;
          }
          server.close((err) => {
            if (err) {
              console.log(`Error closing server: ${err.message}`);
            }
            resolve();
          });
        })
    );

    // Stop the connection logger
    if (this.connectionLogger) {
      clearInterval(this.connectionLogger);
      this.connectionLogger = null;
    }

    // Wait for servers to close
    await Promise.all(closeServerPromises);
    console.log('All servers closed. Cleaning up active connections...');

    // Force destroy all active connections immediately
    const connectionIds = [...this.connectionRecords.keys()];
    console.log(`Cleaning up ${connectionIds.length} active connections...`);

    // First pass: End all connections gracefully
    for (const id of connectionIds) {
      const record = this.connectionRecords.get(id);
      if (record) {
        try {
          // Clear any timers
          if (record.cleanupTimer) {
            clearTimeout(record.cleanupTimer);
            record.cleanupTimer = undefined;
          }

          // End sockets gracefully
          if (record.incoming && !record.incoming.destroyed) {
            record.incoming.end();
          }

          if (record.outgoing && !record.outgoing.destroyed) {
            record.outgoing.end();
          }
        } catch (err) {
          console.log(`Error during graceful connection end for ${id}: ${err}`);
        }
      }
    }

    // Short delay to allow graceful ends to process
    await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 100));

    // Second pass: Force destroy everything
    for (const id of connectionIds) {
      const record = this.connectionRecords.get(id);
      if (record) {
        try {
          // Remove all listeners to prevent memory leaks
          if (record.incoming) {
            record.incoming.removeAllListeners();
            if (!record.incoming.destroyed) {
              record.incoming.destroy();
            }
          }

          if (record.outgoing) {
            record.outgoing.removeAllListeners();
            if (!record.outgoing.destroyed) {
              record.outgoing.destroy();
            }
          }
        } catch (err) {
          console.log(`Error during forced connection destruction for ${id}: ${err}`);
        }
      }
    }

    // Clear all tracking maps
    this.connectionRecords.clear();
    this.domainTargetIndices.clear();
    this.connectionsByIP.clear();
    this.connectionRateByIP.clear();
    this.netServers = [];

    // Reset termination stats
    this.terminationStats = {
      incoming: {},
      outgoing: {},
    };

    console.log('PortProxy shutdown complete.');
  }
}