v13.9.2

changelog.md

@@ -1,5 +1,28 @@
 # Changelog
 
+## 2026-04-12 - 13.9.2 - fix(web-ui)
+improve form field descriptions and align certificate settings with tile components
+
+- Refines labels and adds descriptive helper text across API token, DNS, domain, route, edge, target profile, and VPN forms for clearer operator input
+- Updates the DNS provider form to surface provider and credential guidance through built-in input metadata instead of custom help blocks
+- Restyles the certificates ACME settings section to use tile-based layout and improves related form wording and file upload metadata
+- Refreshes the Cloudflare DNS provider description and bumps UI-related dependencies
+
+## 2026-04-08 - 13.9.1 - fix(network-ui)
+enable flashing table updates for network activity, remote ingress, and VPN views
+
+- adds stable row keys to dees-table instances so existing rows can be diffed correctly
+- enables flash highlighting for changed rows and cells across network activity, top IPs, backends, remote ingress edges, and VPN clients
+- updates network activity request data on every refresh so live metrics like duration and byte counts visibly refresh
+
+## 2026-04-08 - 13.9.0 - feat(dns)
+add built-in dcrouter DNS provider support and rename manual domains to dcrouter-hosted/local
+
+- Expose a synthetic built-in "DcRouter" provider in provider listings and block create, edit, delete, test, and external domain listing operations for it
+- Rename domain and record source semantics from "manual" to "dcrouter" and "local" across backend, interfaces, and UI
+- Add database migrations to convert existing DomainDoc.source and DnsRecordDoc.source values to the new naming
+- Update domain creation flows and provider UI labels to reflect dcrouter-hosted authoritative domains
+
 ## 2026-04-08 - 13.8.0 - feat(acme)
 add DB-backed ACME configuration management and OpsServer certificate settings UI
 

package.json

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "name": "@serve.zone/dcrouter",
   "private": false,
-  "version": "13.8.0",
+  "version": "13.9.2",
   "description": "A multifaceted routing service handling mail and SMS delivery functions.",
   "type": "module",
   "exports": {
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
     "@git.zone/tsrun": "^2.0.2",
     "@git.zone/tstest": "^3.6.3",
     "@git.zone/tswatch": "^3.3.2",
-    "@types/node": "^25.5.2"
+    "@types/node": "^25.6.0"
   },
   "dependencies": {
     "@api.global/typedrequest": "^3.3.0",
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
     "@api.global/typedserver": "^8.4.6",
     "@api.global/typedsocket": "^4.1.2",
     "@apiclient.xyz/cloudflare": "^7.1.0",
-    "@design.estate/dees-catalog": "^3.69.1",
+    "@design.estate/dees-catalog": "^3.76.1",
     "@design.estate/dees-element": "^2.2.4",
     "@push.rocks/lik": "^6.4.0",
     "@push.rocks/projectinfo": "^5.1.0",
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
     "@push.rocks/smartjwt": "^2.2.1",
     "@push.rocks/smartlog": "^3.2.2",
     "@push.rocks/smartmetrics": "^3.0.3",
-    "@push.rocks/smartmigration": "1.1.1",
+    "@push.rocks/smartmigration": "1.2.0",
     "@push.rocks/smartmta": "^5.3.1",
     "@push.rocks/smartnetwork": "^4.5.2",
     "@push.rocks/smartpath": "^6.0.0",
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@
     "@serve.zone/remoteingress": "^4.15.3",
     "@tsclass/tsclass": "^9.5.0",
     "@types/qrcode": "^1.5.6",
-    "lru-cache": "^11.3.2",
+    "lru-cache": "^11.3.3",
     "qrcode": "^1.5.4",
     "uuid": "^13.0.0"
   },

pnpm-lock.yaml

@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@ importers:
         specifier: ^7.1.0
         version: 7.1.0
       '@design.estate/dees-catalog':
-        specifier: ^3.69.1
+        specifier: ^3.76.1
-        version: 3.69.1(@tiptap/pm@2.27.2)
+        version: 3.76.1(@tiptap/pm@2.27.2)
       '@design.estate/dees-element':
         specifier: ^2.2.4
         version: 2.2.4
@@ -66,8 +66,8 @@ importers:
         specifier: ^3.0.3
         version: 3.0.3
       '@push.rocks/smartmigration':
-        specifier: 1.1.1
+        specifier: 1.2.0
-        version: 1.1.1(@push.rocks/smartbucket@4.6.0)(@push.rocks/smartdata@7.1.7(socks@2.8.7))
+        version: 1.2.0(@push.rocks/smartbucket@4.6.0)(@push.rocks/smartdata@7.1.7(socks@2.8.7))
       '@push.rocks/smartmta':
         specifier: ^5.3.1
         version: 5.3.1
@@ -120,8 +120,8 @@ importers:
         specifier: ^1.5.6
         version: 1.5.6
       lru-cache:
-        specifier: ^11.3.2
+        specifier: ^11.3.3
-        version: 11.3.2
+        version: 11.3.3
       qrcode:
         specifier: ^1.5.4
         version: 1.5.4
@@ -145,8 +145,8 @@ importers:
         specifier: ^3.3.2
         version: 3.3.2(@emnapi/core@1.9.2)(@emnapi/runtime@1.9.2)(@tiptap/pm@2.27.2)
       '@types/node':
-        specifier: ^25.5.2
+        specifier: ^25.6.0
-        version: 25.5.2
+        version: 25.6.0
 
 packages:
 
@@ -353,8 +353,8 @@ packages:
   '@configvault.io/interfaces@1.0.17':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-bEcCUR2VBDJsTin8HQh8Uw/mlYl2v8A3jMIaQ+MTB9Hrqd6CZL2dL7iJdWyFl/3EIX+LDxWFR+Oq7liIq7w+1Q==}
 
-  '@design.estate/dees-catalog@3.69.1':
+  '@design.estate/dees-catalog@3.76.1':
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-OSpHB/hfOrL2mkAfF50TqTKJ2hvPd7Cj1WklAmFckyjloE4fd7DRDeXdI/Bziq9152gExipX5VoofTAOr4rF5w==}
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-DSnu1NHz0C9CI13e6HMUV6lFiAKzOoPccZUZu6wDrpTcGha1trvFftcRzsieJ0NrvNJ6qZrh1vGL6ZYhu5RO0A==}
 
   '@design.estate/dees-comms@1.0.30':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-KchMlklJfKAjQiJiR0xmofXtQ27VgZtBIxcMwPE9d+h3jJRv+lPZxzBQVOM0eyM0uS44S5vJMZ11IeV4uDXSHg==}
@@ -368,6 +368,9 @@ packages:
   '@design.estate/dees-wcctools@3.8.0':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-CC14iVKUrguzD9jIrdPBd9fZ4egVJEZMxl5y8iy0l7WLumeoYvGsoXj5INVkRPLRVLqziIdi4Je1hXqHt2NU+g==}
 
+  '@design.estate/dees-wcctools@3.8.4':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-KpFK/azK+a/Xpq33pXKcho+tdFKVHhKZM5ArvHqo9QMwTczgp5DZZgowTDUuqAofjZwnuVfCPHK/Pw9e64N46A==}
+
   '@emnapi/core@1.9.2':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-UC+ZhH3XtczQYfOlu3lNEkdW/p4dsJ1r/bP7H8+rhao3TTTMO1ATq/4DdIi23XuGoFY+Cz0JmCbdVl0hz9jZcA==}
 
@@ -1231,8 +1234,8 @@ packages:
   '@push.rocks/smartmetrics@3.0.3':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-RYY4NOla3kraZYVF9TBHgIz4/hSkqVDVNP7tLwhLK5mGBPBy8I/9NWXX6txZKQw6QihP85YD8mWUuUu2xS4D6Q==}
 
-  '@push.rocks/smartmigration@1.1.1':
+  '@push.rocks/smartmigration@1.2.0':
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-K/eLN9cNy+CLOT73rhI93vOy/vGwpV46iJpjRUyPwHsMcQcV6po2idk5+XZQzeuq2x7KpKuUPtZ6gXMtf5Y/ig==}
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-H2diE1UbZm4cXjxgxkt2YQW3aUQ3QVVU/e8Ws30hzIep0xIqL1BH6//WawA5ZBQhnAOBssZpVOuWOd3GIeBq+Q==}
     peerDependencies:
       '@push.rocks/smartbucket': ^4.6.0
       '@push.rocks/smartdata': ^7.1.7
@@ -2054,8 +2057,8 @@ packages:
   '@types/node@22.19.17':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-wGdMcf+vPYM6jikpS/qhg6WiqSV/OhG+jeeHT/KlVqxYfD40iYJf9/AE1uQxVWFvU7MipKRkRv8NSHiCGgPr8Q==}
 
-  '@types/node@25.5.2':
+  '@types/node@25.6.0':
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-tO4ZIRKNC+MDWV4qKVZe3Ql/woTnmHDr5JD8UI5hn2pwBrHEwOEMZK7WlNb5RKB6EoJ02gwmQS9OrjuFnZYdpg==}
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-+qIYRKdNYJwY3vRCZMdJbPLJAtGjQBudzZzdzwQYkEPQd+PJGixUL5QfvCLDaULoLv+RhT3LDkwEfKaAkgSmNQ==}
 
   '@types/qrcode@1.5.6':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-te7NQcV2BOvdj2b1hCAHzAoMNuj65kNBMz0KBaxM6c3VGBOhU0dURQKOtH8CFNI/dsKkwlv32p26qYQTWoB5bw==}
@@ -2858,8 +2861,8 @@ packages:
   humanize-ms@1.2.1:
     resolution: {integrity: sha1-xG4xWaKT9riW2ikxbYtv6Lt5u+0=}
 
-  ibantools@4.5.2:
+  ibantools@4.5.4:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-is+8TgZcKS/AMv/z9nW1zz0bhjhoyjpA1p0nc3A6GkW/InOdcQiUZpkufADzh/aO/LY/TOD/P3oPWncNRn5QMA==}
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-6jX1gh4aH6XH+o0ey+wtkMTzkcvsEta7DakIOZSng9voZYpMw3U+gK1+tZChk3aRcPcloEt0NOzksjaRZiqXbw==}
 
   iconv-lite@0.4.24:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-v3MXnZAcvnywkTUEZomIActle7RXXeedOR31wwl7VlyoXO4Qi9arvSenNQWne1TcRwhCL1HwLI21bEqdpj8/rA==}
@@ -3076,16 +3079,16 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-ozCC6gdQ+glXOQsveKD0YsDy8DSQFjDTz4zyzEHNV5+JP5D62LmfDZ6o1cycFx9ouG940M5dE8C8CTewdj2YWQ==}
     engines: {node: ^12.20.0 || ^14.13.1 || >=16.0.0}
 
-  lru-cache@11.3.2:
+  lru-cache@11.3.3:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-wgWa6FWQ3QRRJbIjbsldRJZxdxYngT/dO0I5Ynmlnin8qy7tC6xYzbcJjtN4wHLXtkbVwHzk0C+OejVw1XM+DQ==}
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-JvNw9Y81y33E+BEYPr0U7omo+U9AySnsMsEiXgwT6yqd31VQWTLNQqmT4ou5eqPFUrTfIDFta2wKhB1hyohtAQ==}
     engines: {node: 20 || >=22}
 
   lru-cache@7.18.3:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-jumlc0BIUrS3qJGgIkWZsyfAM7NCWiBcCDhnd+3NNM5KbBmLTgHVfWBcg6W+rLUsIpzpERPsvwUP7CckAQSOoA==}
     engines: {node: '>=12'}
 
-  lucide@0.577.0:
+  lucide@1.8.0:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-PpC/m5eOItp/WU/GlQPFBXDOhq6HibL73KzYP37OX3LM7VmzWQF8voEj8QRWUFvy9FIKfeDQkWYoyS1D/MdWFA==}
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-JjV/QnadgFLj1Pyu9IKl0lknrolFEzo04B64QcYLLeRzZl/iEHpdbSrRRKbyXcv45SZNv+WGjIUCT33e7xHO6Q==}
 
   mailparser@3.9.6:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-EJYTDWMrOS1kddK1mTsRkrx2Ngh2nYsg54SRMWVVWGVEGbHH4tod8tqqU9hIRPgGQVboSjFubDn9cboSitbM3Q==}
@@ -4098,8 +4101,8 @@ packages:
   undici-types@6.21.0:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-iwDZqg0QAGrg9Rav5H4n0M64c3mkR59cJ6wQp+7C4nI0gsmExaedaYLNO44eT4AtBBwjbTiGPMlt2Md0T9H9JQ==}
 
-  undici-types@7.18.2:
+  undici-types@7.19.2:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-AsuCzffGHJybSaRrmr5eHr81mwJU3kjw6M+uprWvCXiNeN9SOGwQ3Jn8jb8m3Z6izVgknn1R0FTCEAP2QrLY/w==}
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-qYVnV5OEm2AW8cJMCpdV20CDyaN3g0AjDlOGf1OW4iaDEx8MwdtChUp4zu4H0VP3nDRF/8RKWH+IPp9uW0YGZg==}
 
   unified@11.0.5:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-xKvGhPWw3k84Qjh8bI3ZeJjqnyadK+GEFtazSfZv/rKeTkTjOJho6mFqh2SM96iIcZokxiOpg78GazTSg8+KHA==}
@@ -4315,7 +4318,7 @@ snapshots:
       '@api.global/typedrequest-interfaces': 3.0.19
       '@api.global/typedsocket': 4.1.2(@push.rocks/smartserve@2.0.3)
       '@cloudflare/workers-types': 4.20260405.1
-      '@design.estate/dees-catalog': 3.69.1(@tiptap/pm@2.27.2)
+      '@design.estate/dees-catalog': 3.76.1(@tiptap/pm@2.27.2)
       '@design.estate/dees-comms': 1.0.30
       '@push.rocks/lik': 6.4.0
       '@push.rocks/smartdelay': 3.0.5
@@ -4844,11 +4847,11 @@ snapshots:
     dependencies:
       '@api.global/typedrequest-interfaces': 3.0.19
 
-  '@design.estate/dees-catalog@3.69.1(@tiptap/pm@2.27.2)':
+  '@design.estate/dees-catalog@3.76.1(@tiptap/pm@2.27.2)':
     dependencies:
       '@design.estate/dees-domtools': 2.5.4
       '@design.estate/dees-element': 2.2.4
-      '@design.estate/dees-wcctools': 3.8.0
+      '@design.estate/dees-wcctools': 3.8.4
       '@fortawesome/fontawesome-svg-core': 7.2.0
       '@fortawesome/free-brands-svg-icons': 7.2.0
       '@fortawesome/free-regular-svg-icons': 7.2.0
@@ -4866,9 +4869,9 @@ snapshots:
       '@tsclass/tsclass': 9.5.0
       echarts: 5.6.0
       highlight.js: 11.11.1
-      ibantools: 4.5.2
+      ibantools: 4.5.4
       lightweight-charts: 5.1.0
-      lucide: 0.577.0
+      lucide: 1.8.0
       monaco-editor: 0.55.1
       pdfjs-dist: 4.10.38
       xterm: 5.3.0
@@ -4937,6 +4940,18 @@ snapshots:
       - supports-color
       - vue
 
+  '@design.estate/dees-wcctools@3.8.4':
+    dependencies:
+      '@design.estate/dees-domtools': 2.5.4
+      '@design.estate/dees-element': 2.2.4
+      '@push.rocks/smartdelay': 3.0.5
+      lit: 3.3.2
+    transitivePeerDependencies:
+      - '@nuxt/kit'
+      - react
+      - supports-color
+      - vue
+
   '@emnapi/core@1.9.2':
     dependencies:
       '@emnapi/wasi-threads': 1.2.1
@@ -6354,7 +6369,7 @@ snapshots:
       '@push.rocks/smartdelay': 3.0.5
       '@push.rocks/smartlog': 3.2.2
 
-  '@push.rocks/smartmigration@1.1.1(@push.rocks/smartbucket@4.6.0)(@push.rocks/smartdata@7.1.7(socks@2.8.7))':
+  '@push.rocks/smartmigration@1.2.0(@push.rocks/smartbucket@4.6.0)(@push.rocks/smartdata@7.1.7(socks@2.8.7))':
     dependencies:
       '@push.rocks/smartlog': 3.2.2
       '@push.rocks/smartversion': 3.1.0
@@ -6404,7 +6419,7 @@ snapshots:
       '@push.rocks/smartpath': 6.0.0
       '@push.rocks/smartrust': 1.3.2
       '@tsclass/tsclass': 9.5.0
-      lru-cache: 11.3.2
+      lru-cache: 11.3.3
       mailparser: 3.9.6
       uuid: 13.0.0
     transitivePeerDependencies:
@@ -6900,7 +6915,7 @@ snapshots:
 
   '@serve.zone/catalog@2.12.3(@tiptap/pm@2.27.2)':
     dependencies:
-      '@design.estate/dees-catalog': 3.69.1(@tiptap/pm@2.27.2)
+      '@design.estate/dees-catalog': 3.76.1(@tiptap/pm@2.27.2)
       '@design.estate/dees-domtools': 2.5.4
       '@design.estate/dees-element': 2.2.4
       '@design.estate/dees-wcctools': 3.8.0
@@ -7442,7 +7457,7 @@ snapshots:
 
   '@types/clean-css@4.2.11':
     dependencies:
-      '@types/node': 25.5.2
+      '@types/node': 25.6.0
       source-map: 0.6.1
 
   '@types/debug@4.1.13':
@@ -7452,7 +7467,7 @@ snapshots:
   '@types/fs-extra@11.0.4':
     dependencies:
       '@types/jsonfile': 6.1.4
-      '@types/node': 25.5.2
+      '@types/node': 25.6.0
 
   '@types/hast@3.0.4':
     dependencies:
@@ -7472,12 +7487,12 @@ snapshots:
 
   '@types/jsonfile@6.1.4':
     dependencies:
-      '@types/node': 25.5.2
+      '@types/node': 25.6.0
 
   '@types/jsonwebtoken@9.0.10':
     dependencies:
       '@types/ms': 2.1.0
-      '@types/node': 25.5.2
+      '@types/node': 25.6.0
 
   '@types/linkify-it@5.0.0': {}
 
@@ -7498,16 +7513,16 @@ snapshots:
 
   '@types/mute-stream@0.0.4':
     dependencies:
-      '@types/node': 25.5.2
+      '@types/node': 25.6.0
 
   '@types/node-fetch@2.6.13':
     dependencies:
-      '@types/node': 25.5.2
+      '@types/node': 25.6.0
       form-data: 4.0.5
 
   '@types/node-forge@1.3.14':
     dependencies:
-      '@types/node': 25.5.2
+      '@types/node': 25.6.0
 
   '@types/node@16.9.1': {}
 
@@ -7519,13 +7534,13 @@ snapshots:
     dependencies:
       undici-types: 6.21.0
 
-  '@types/node@25.5.2':
+  '@types/node@25.6.0':
     dependencies:
-      undici-types: 7.18.2
+      undici-types: 7.19.2
 
   '@types/qrcode@1.5.6':
     dependencies:
-      '@types/node': 25.5.2
+      '@types/node': 25.6.0
 
   '@types/randomatic@3.1.5': {}
 
@@ -7535,11 +7550,11 @@ snapshots:
 
   '@types/tar-stream@3.1.4':
     dependencies:
-      '@types/node': 25.5.2
+      '@types/node': 25.6.0
 
   '@types/through2@2.0.41':
     dependencies:
-      '@types/node': 25.5.2
+      '@types/node': 25.6.0
 
   '@types/trusted-types@2.0.7': {}
 
@@ -7569,11 +7584,11 @@ snapshots:
 
   '@types/ws@8.18.1':
     dependencies:
-      '@types/node': 25.5.2
+      '@types/node': 25.6.0
 
   '@types/yauzl@2.10.3':
     dependencies:
-      '@types/node': 25.5.2
+      '@types/node': 25.6.0
     optional: true
 
   '@ungap/structured-clone@1.3.0': {}
@@ -8390,7 +8405,7 @@ snapshots:
     dependencies:
       ms: 2.1.3
 
-  ibantools@4.5.2: {}
+  ibantools@4.5.4: {}
 
   iconv-lite@0.4.24:
     dependencies:
@@ -8628,11 +8643,11 @@ snapshots:
 
   lowercase-keys@3.0.0: {}
 
-  lru-cache@11.3.2: {}
+  lru-cache@11.3.3: {}
 
   lru-cache@7.18.3: {}
 
-  lucide@0.577.0: {}
+  lucide@1.8.0: {}
 
   mailparser@3.9.6:
     dependencies:
@@ -9268,7 +9283,7 @@ snapshots:
 
   path-scurry@2.0.2:
     dependencies:
-      lru-cache: 11.3.2
+      lru-cache: 11.3.3
       minipass: 7.1.3
 
   path-to-regexp@8.4.2: {}
@@ -9942,7 +9957,7 @@ snapshots:
 
   undici-types@6.21.0: {}
 
-  undici-types@7.18.2: {}
+  undici-types@7.19.2: {}
 
   unified@11.0.5:
     dependencies:

ts/00_commitinfo_data.ts

@@ -3,6 +3,6 @@
  */
 export const commitinfo = {
   name: '@serve.zone/dcrouter',
-  version: '13.8.0',
+  version: '13.9.2',
   description: 'A multifaceted routing service handling mail and SMS delivery functions.'
 }

ts/classes.dcrouter.ts

@@ -1792,7 +1792,8 @@ export class DcRouter {
       logger.log('info', `Registered ${allRecords.length} DNS records (${authoritativeRecords.length} authoritative, ${emailDnsRecords.length} email, ${dkimRecords.length} DKIM, ${this.options.dnsRecords?.length || 0} user-defined)`);
     }
 
-    // Hand the DnsServer to DnsManager so DB-backed manual records get registered too.
+    // Hand the DnsServer to DnsManager so DB-backed local records on
+    // dcrouter-hosted domains get registered too.
     if (this.dnsManager && this.dnsServer) {
       await this.dnsManager.attachDnsServer(this.dnsServer);
     }

ts/dns/manager.dns.ts

@@ -25,9 +25,9 @@ import type {
  * Responsibilities:
  *  - Load Domain/DnsRecord docs from the DB on start
  *  - First-boot seeding from legacy constructor config (dnsScopes/dnsRecords/dnsNsDomains)
- *  - Register manual-domain records with smartdns.DnsServer at startup
+ *  - Register dcrouter-hosted domain records with smartdns.DnsServer at startup
- *  - Provide CRUD methods used by OpsServer handlers (manual domains hit smartdns,
+ *  - Provide CRUD methods used by OpsServer handlers (dcrouter-hosted domains hit
- *    provider domains hit the provider API)
+ *    smartdns, provider domains hit the provider API)
  *  - Expose a provider lookup used by the ACME DNS-01 wiring in setupSmartProxy()
  *
  * Provider-managed domains are NEVER served from the embedded DnsServer — the
@@ -69,12 +69,12 @@ export class DnsManager {
 
   /**
    * Wire the embedded DnsServer instance after it has been created by
-   * DcRouter.setupDnsWithSocketHandler(). After this, manual records loaded
+   * DcRouter.setupDnsWithSocketHandler(). After this, local records on
-   * from the DB are registered with the server.
+   * dcrouter-hosted domains loaded from the DB are registered with the server.
    */
   public async attachDnsServer(dnsServer: plugins.smartdns.dnsServerMod.DnsServer): Promise<void> {
     this.dnsServer = dnsServer;
-    await this.applyManualDomainsToDnsServer();
+    await this.applyDcrouterDomainsToDnsServer();
   }
 
   // ==========================================================================
@@ -83,7 +83,8 @@ export class DnsManager {
 
   /**
    * If no DomainDocs exist yet but the constructor has legacy DNS fields,
-   * seed them as `source: 'manual'` records. On subsequent boots (DB has
+   * seed them as dcrouter-hosted (`domain.source: 'dcrouter'`) zones with
+   * local (`record.source: 'local'`) records. On subsequent boots (DB has
    * entries), constructor config is ignored with a warning.
    */
   private async seedFromConstructorConfigIfEmpty(): Promise<void> {
@@ -117,7 +118,7 @@ export class DnsManager {
       const domain = new DomainDoc();
       domain.id = plugins.uuid.v4();
       domain.name = scope.toLowerCase();
-      domain.source = 'manual';
+      domain.source = 'dcrouter';
       domain.authoritative = true;
       domain.createdAt = now;
       domain.updatedAt = now;
@@ -144,7 +145,7 @@ export class DnsManager {
       record.type = rec.type as TDnsRecordType;
       record.value = rec.value;
       record.ttl = rec.ttl ?? 300;
-      record.source = 'manual';
+      record.source = 'local';
       record.createdAt = now;
       record.updatedAt = now;
       record.createdBy = 'seed';
@@ -174,28 +175,31 @@ export class DnsManager {
   }
 
   // ==========================================================================
-  // Manual-domain DnsServer wiring
+  // DcRouter-hosted domain DnsServer wiring
   // ==========================================================================
 
   /**
-   * Register all manual-domain records from the DB with the embedded DnsServer.
+   * Register all records from dcrouter-hosted domains in the DB with the
-   * Called once after attachDnsServer().
+   * embedded DnsServer. Called once after attachDnsServer().
    */
-  private async applyManualDomainsToDnsServer(): Promise<void> {
+  private async applyDcrouterDomainsToDnsServer(): Promise<void> {
     if (!this.dnsServer) {
       return;
     }
     const allDomains = await DomainDoc.findAll();
-    const manualDomains = allDomains.filter((d) => d.source === 'manual');
+    const dcrouterDomains = allDomains.filter((d) => d.source === 'dcrouter');
     let registered = 0;
-    for (const domain of manualDomains) {
+    for (const domain of dcrouterDomains) {
       const records = await DnsRecordDoc.findByDomainId(domain.id);
       for (const rec of records) {
         this.registerRecordWithDnsServer(rec);
         registered++;
       }
     }
-    logger.log('info', `DnsManager: registered ${registered} manual DNS record(s) from DB`);
+    logger.log(
+      'info',
+      `DnsManager: registered ${registered} dcrouter-hosted DNS record(s) from DB`,
+    );
   }
 
   /**
@@ -381,6 +385,12 @@ export class DnsManager {
     credentials: TDnsProviderCredentials;
     createdBy: string;
   }): Promise<string> {
+    if (args.type === 'dcrouter') {
+      throw new Error(
+        'createProvider: cannot create a DnsProviderDoc with type "dcrouter" — ' +
+          'that type is reserved for the built-in pseudo-provider surfaced at read time.',
+      );
+    }
     const now = Date.now();
     const doc = new DnsProviderDoc();
     doc.id = plugins.uuid.v4();
@@ -473,10 +483,10 @@ export class DnsManager {
   }
 
   /**
-   * Create a manual (authoritative) domain. dcrouter will serve DNS records
+   * Create a dcrouter-hosted (authoritative) domain. dcrouter will serve
-   * for this domain via the embedded smartdns.DnsServer.
+   * DNS records for this domain via the embedded smartdns.DnsServer.
    */
-  public async createManualDomain(args: {
+  public async createDcrouterDomain(args: {
     name: string;
     description?: string;
     createdBy: string;
@@ -485,7 +495,7 @@ export class DnsManager {
     const doc = new DomainDoc();
     doc.id = plugins.uuid.v4();
     doc.name = args.name.toLowerCase();
-    doc.source = 'manual';
+    doc.source = 'dcrouter';
     doc.authoritative = true;
     doc.description = args.description;
     doc.createdAt = now;
@@ -571,10 +581,11 @@ export class DnsManager {
   /**
    * Delete a domain and all of its DNS records. For provider domains, only
    * removes the local mirror — does NOT touch the provider.
-   * For manual domains, also unregisters records from the embedded DnsServer.
+   * For dcrouter-hosted domains, also unregisters records from the embedded
+   * DnsServer.
    *
    * Note: smartdns has no public unregister-by-name API in the version pinned
-   * here, so manual record deletes only take effect after a restart. The DB
+   * here, so local record deletes only take effect after a restart. The DB
    * is the source of truth and the next start will not register the deleted
    * record.
    */
@@ -652,7 +663,7 @@ export class DnsManager {
     doc.value = args.value;
     doc.ttl = args.ttl ?? 300;
     if (args.proxied !== undefined) doc.proxied = args.proxied;
-    doc.source = 'manual';
+    doc.source = 'local';
     doc.createdAt = now;
     doc.updatedAt = now;
     doc.createdBy = args.createdBy;
@@ -678,7 +689,7 @@ export class DnsManager {
         return { success: false, message: `Provider rejected record: ${(err as Error).message}` };
       }
     } else {
-      // Manual / authoritative — register with embedded DnsServer immediately
+      // dcrouter-hosted / authoritative — register with embedded DnsServer immediately
       this.registerRecordWithDnsServer(doc);
     }
 
@@ -722,7 +733,7 @@ export class DnsManager {
         return { success: false, message: `Provider rejected update: ${(err as Error).message}` };
       }
     } else {
-      // Re-register the manual record so the new closure picks up the updated fields
+      // Re-register the local record so the new closure picks up the updated fields
       this.registerRecordWithDnsServer(doc);
     }
 
@@ -748,7 +759,7 @@ export class DnsManager {
         }
       }
     }
-    // For manual records: smartdns has no unregister API in the pinned version,
+    // For local records: smartdns has no unregister API in the pinned version,
     // so the record stays served until the next restart. The DB delete still
     // takes effect — on restart, the record will not be re-registered.
 
@@ -807,7 +818,7 @@ export class DnsManager {
   public toPublicDomain(doc: DomainDoc): {
     id: string;
     name: string;
-    source: 'manual' | 'provider';
+    source: 'dcrouter' | 'provider';
     providerId?: string;
     authoritative: boolean;
     nameservers?: string[];

ts/dns/providers/factory.ts

@@ -38,6 +38,17 @@ export function createDnsProvider(
       }
       return new CloudflareDnsProvider(credentials.apiToken);
     }
+    case 'dcrouter': {
+      // The built-in DcRouter pseudo-provider has no runtime client — dcrouter
+      // itself serves the records via the embedded smartdns.DnsServer. This
+      // case exists only to satisfy the exhaustive switch; it should never
+      // actually run because the handler layer rejects any CRUD that would
+      // result in a DnsProviderDoc with type: 'dcrouter'.
+      throw new Error(
+        `createDnsProvider: 'dcrouter' is a built-in pseudo-provider — no runtime client exists. ` +
+          `This call indicates a DnsProviderDoc with type: 'dcrouter' was persisted, which should never happen.`,
+      );
+    }
     default: {
       // If you see a TypeScript error here after extending TDnsProviderType,
       // add a `case` for the new type above. The `never` enforces exhaustiveness.

ts/opsserver/handlers/dns-provider.handler.ts

@@ -46,15 +46,28 @@ export class DnsProviderHandler {
   }
 
   private registerHandlers(): void {
-    // Get all providers
+    // Get all providers — prepends the built-in DcRouter pseudo-provider
+    // so operators see a uniform "who serves this?" list that includes the
+    // authoritative dcrouter alongside external accounts.
     this.typedrouter.addTypedHandler(
       new plugins.typedrequest.TypedHandler<interfaces.requests.IReq_GetDnsProviders>(
         'getDnsProviders',
         async (dataArg) => {
           await this.requireAuth(dataArg, 'dns-providers:read');
           const dnsManager = this.opsServerRef.dcRouterRef.dnsManager;
-          if (!dnsManager) return { providers: [] };
+          const synthetic: interfaces.data.IDnsProviderPublic = {
-          return { providers: await dnsManager.listProviders() };
+            id: interfaces.data.DCROUTER_BUILTIN_PROVIDER_ID,
+            name: 'DcRouter',
+            type: 'dcrouter',
+            status: 'ok',
+            createdAt: 0,
+            updatedAt: 0,
+            createdBy: 'system',
+            hasCredentials: false,
+            builtIn: true,
+          };
+          const real = dnsManager ? await dnsManager.listProviders() : [];
+          return { providers: [synthetic, ...real] };
         },
       ),
     );
@@ -78,6 +91,12 @@ export class DnsProviderHandler {
         'createDnsProvider',
         async (dataArg) => {
           const userId = await this.requireAuth(dataArg, 'dns-providers:write');
+          if (dataArg.type === 'dcrouter') {
+            return {
+              success: false,
+              message: 'cannot create built-in provider',
+            };
+          }
           const dnsManager = this.opsServerRef.dcRouterRef.dnsManager;
           if (!dnsManager) {
             return { success: false, message: 'DnsManager not initialized (DB disabled?)' };
@@ -99,6 +118,9 @@ export class DnsProviderHandler {
         'updateDnsProvider',
         async (dataArg) => {
           await this.requireAuth(dataArg, 'dns-providers:write');
+          if (dataArg.id === interfaces.data.DCROUTER_BUILTIN_PROVIDER_ID) {
+            return { success: false, message: 'cannot edit built-in provider' };
+          }
           const dnsManager = this.opsServerRef.dcRouterRef.dnsManager;
           if (!dnsManager) return { success: false, message: 'DnsManager not initialized' };
           const ok = await dnsManager.updateProvider(dataArg.id, {
@@ -116,6 +138,9 @@ export class DnsProviderHandler {
         'deleteDnsProvider',
         async (dataArg) => {
           await this.requireAuth(dataArg, 'dns-providers:write');
+          if (dataArg.id === interfaces.data.DCROUTER_BUILTIN_PROVIDER_ID) {
+            return { success: false, message: 'cannot delete built-in provider' };
+          }
           const dnsManager = this.opsServerRef.dcRouterRef.dnsManager;
           if (!dnsManager) return { success: false, message: 'DnsManager not initialized' };
           return await dnsManager.deleteProvider(dataArg.id, dataArg.force ?? false);
@@ -129,6 +154,13 @@ export class DnsProviderHandler {
         'testDnsProvider',
         async (dataArg) => {
           await this.requireAuth(dataArg, 'dns-providers:read');
+          if (dataArg.id === interfaces.data.DCROUTER_BUILTIN_PROVIDER_ID) {
+            return {
+              ok: false,
+              error: 'built-in provider has no external connection to test',
+              testedAt: Date.now(),
+            };
+          }
           const dnsManager = this.opsServerRef.dcRouterRef.dnsManager;
           if (!dnsManager) {
             return { ok: false, error: 'DnsManager not initialized', testedAt: Date.now() };
@@ -144,6 +176,12 @@ export class DnsProviderHandler {
         'listProviderDomains',
         async (dataArg) => {
           await this.requireAuth(dataArg, 'dns-providers:read');
+          if (dataArg.providerId === interfaces.data.DCROUTER_BUILTIN_PROVIDER_ID) {
+            return {
+              success: false,
+              message: 'built-in provider has no external domain listing — use "Add DcRouter Domain" instead',
+            };
+          }
           const dnsManager = this.opsServerRef.dcRouterRef.dnsManager;
           if (!dnsManager) return { success: false, message: 'DnsManager not initialized' };
           try {

ts/opsserver/handlers/domain.handler.ts

@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ export class DomainHandler {
       ),
     );
 
-    // Create manual domain
+    // Create dcrouter-hosted domain
     this.typedrouter.addTypedHandler(
       new plugins.typedrequest.TypedHandler<interfaces.requests.IReq_CreateDomain>(
         'createDomain',
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ export class DomainHandler {
           const dnsManager = this.opsServerRef.dcRouterRef.dnsManager;
           if (!dnsManager) return { success: false, message: 'DnsManager not initialized' };
           try {
-            const id = await dnsManager.createManualDomain({
+            const id = await dnsManager.createDcrouterDomain({
               name: dataArg.name,
               description: dataArg.description,
               createdBy: userId,

ts_interfaces/data/dns-provider.ts

@@ -1,9 +1,28 @@
 /**
- * Supported DNS provider types. Initially Cloudflare; the abstraction is
+ * Stable ID for the built-in DcRouter pseudo-provider. The Providers list
- * designed so additional providers (Route53, Gandi, DigitalOcean…) can be
+ * surfaces this as the first, non-deletable row so operators see a uniform
- * added by implementing the IDnsProvider class interface in ts/dns/providers/.
+ * "who serves this?" answer for every domain. The ID is magic — it never
+ * exists in the DnsProviderDoc collection; handlers inject it at read time
+ * and reject any mutation that targets it.
  */
-export type TDnsProviderType = 'cloudflare';
+export const DCROUTER_BUILTIN_PROVIDER_ID = '__dcrouter__';
+
+/**
+ * Supported DNS provider types.
+ *
+ * - 'cloudflare' → Cloudflare account (API token-based). Provider stays
+ *                  authoritative; dcrouter pushes record changes via API.
+ * - 'dcrouter'   → Built-in pseudo-provider for dcrouter-hosted zones.
+ *                  dcrouter itself is the authoritative DNS server. No
+ *                  credentials, cannot be created/edited/deleted through
+ *                  the provider CRUD — the Providers view renders it from
+ *                  a handler-level synthetic row.
+ *
+ * The abstraction is designed so additional providers (Route53, Gandi,
+ * DigitalOcean, foreign dcrouters…) can be added by implementing the
+ * IDnsProvider class interface in ts/dns/providers/.
+ */
+export type TDnsProviderType = 'cloudflare' | 'dcrouter';
 
 /**
  * Status of the last connection test against a provider.
@@ -58,6 +77,12 @@ export interface IDnsProviderPublic {
   createdBy: string;
   /** Whether credentials are configured (true after creation). Never the secret itself. */
   hasCredentials: boolean;
+  /**
+   * True for the built-in DcRouter pseudo-provider — read-only, cannot be
+   * created / edited / deleted. Injected by the handler layer, never
+   * persisted in the DnsProviderDoc collection.
+   */
+  builtIn?: boolean;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -114,11 +139,18 @@ export interface IDnsProviderTypeDescriptor {
  * credentials each one needs. Used by both backend and frontend.
  */
 export const dnsProviderTypeDescriptors: ReadonlyArray<IDnsProviderTypeDescriptor> = [
+  {
+    type: 'dcrouter',
+    displayName: 'DcRouter (built-in)',
+    description:
+      'Built-in authoritative DNS. Records are served directly by dcrouter — delegate the domain\'s NS records to make this effective.',
+    credentialFields: [],
+  },
   {
     type: 'cloudflare',
     displayName: 'Cloudflare',
     description:
-      'Manages records via the Cloudflare API. Provider stays authoritative; dcrouter pushes record changes.',
+      'External DNS provider. The provider stays authoritative; dcrouter pushes record changes via its API.',
     credentialFields: [
       {
         key: 'apiToken',

ts_interfaces/data/dns-record.ts

@@ -6,16 +6,18 @@ export type TDnsRecordType = 'A' | 'AAAA' | 'CNAME' | 'MX' | 'TXT' | 'NS' | 'SOA
 /**
  * Where a DNS record came from.
  *
- * - 'manual' → created in the dcrouter UI / API
+ * - 'local'  → originated in this dcrouter (created via UI / API)
- * - 'synced' → pulled from a provider during a sync operation
+ * - 'synced' → pulled from an upstream provider (Cloudflare, foreign
+ *              dcrouter, …) during a sync operation
  */
-export type TDnsRecordSource = 'manual' | 'synced';
+export type TDnsRecordSource = 'local' | 'synced';
 
 /**
- * A DNS record. For manual (authoritative) domains, the record is registered
+ * A DNS record. For dcrouter-hosted (authoritative) domains, the record is
- * with the embedded smartdns.DnsServer. For provider-managed domains, the
+ * registered with the embedded smartdns.DnsServer. For provider-managed
- * record is mirrored from / pushed to the provider API and `providerRecordId`
+ * domains, the record is mirrored from / pushed to the provider API and
- * holds the provider's internal record id (for updates and deletes).
+ * `providerRecordId` holds the provider's internal record id (for updates
+ * and deletes).
  */
 export interface IDnsRecord {
   id: string;

ts_interfaces/data/domain.ts

@@ -1,14 +1,15 @@
 /**
  * Where a domain came from / how it is managed.
  *
- * - 'manual'   → operator added the domain manually. dcrouter is the
+ * - 'dcrouter' → dcrouter is the authoritative DNS server for this domain;
- *               authoritative DNS server for it; records are served by
+ *                records are served by the embedded smartdns.DnsServer.
- *               the embedded smartdns.DnsServer.
+ *                Operators delegate the domain's NS records to make this
+ *                effective.
  * - 'provider' → domain was imported from an external DNS provider
  *                (e.g. Cloudflare). The provider stays authoritative;
  *                dcrouter only reads/writes records via the provider API.
  */
-export type TDomainSource = 'manual' | 'provider';
+export type TDomainSource = 'dcrouter' | 'provider';
 
 /**
  * A domain under management by dcrouter.
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ export interface IDomain {
   source: TDomainSource;
   /** ID of the DnsProvider that owns this domain — only set when source === 'provider'. */
   providerId?: string;
-  /** True when dcrouter is the authoritative DNS server for this domain (source === 'manual'). */
+  /** True when dcrouter is the authoritative DNS server for this domain (source === 'dcrouter'). */
   authoritative: boolean;
   /** Authoritative nameservers (display only — populated from provider for imported domains). */
   nameservers?: string[];

ts_interfaces/requests/dns-records.ts

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ export interface IReq_GetDnsRecord extends plugins.typedrequestInterfaces.implem
 /**
  * Create a new DNS record.
  *
- * For manual domains: registers the record with the embedded DnsServer.
+ * For dcrouter-hosted domains: registers the record with the embedded DnsServer.
  * For provider domains: pushes the record to the provider API.
  */
 export interface IReq_CreateDnsRecord extends plugins.typedrequestInterfaces.implementsTR<

ts_interfaces/requests/domains.ts

@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ export interface IReq_GetDomain extends plugins.typedrequestInterfaces.implement
 }
 
 /**
- * Create a manual (authoritative) domain. dcrouter will serve DNS
+ * Create a dcrouter-hosted (authoritative) domain. dcrouter will serve
- * records for this domain via the embedded smartdns.DnsServer.
+ * DNS records for this domain via the embedded smartdns.DnsServer.
  */
 export interface IReq_CreateDomain extends plugins.typedrequestInterfaces.implementsTR<
   plugins.typedrequestInterfaces.ITypedRequest,
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ export interface IReq_DeleteDomain extends plugins.typedrequestInterfaces.implem
 /**
  * Force-resync a provider-managed domain: re-pulls all records from the
  * provider API, replacing the cached DnsRecordDocs.
- * No-op for manual domains.
+ * No-op for dcrouter-hosted domains.
  */
 export interface IReq_SyncDomain extends plugins.typedrequestInterfaces.implementsTR<
   plugins.typedrequestInterfaces.ITypedRequest,

ts_migrations/index.ts

@@ -64,6 +64,34 @@ export async function createMigrationRunner(
         migrated++;
       }
       ctx.log.log('info', `rename-target-profile-host-to-ip: migrated ${migrated} profile(s)`);
+    })
+    .step('rename-domain-source-manual-to-dcrouter')
+    .from('13.1.0').to('13.8.1')
+    .description('Rename DomainDoc.source value from "manual" to "dcrouter"')
+    .up(async (ctx) => {
+      const collection = ctx.mongo!.collection('domaindoc');
+      const result = await collection.updateMany(
+        { source: 'manual' },
+        { $set: { source: 'dcrouter' } },
+      );
+      ctx.log.log(
+        'info',
+        `rename-domain-source-manual-to-dcrouter: migrated ${result.modifiedCount} domain(s)`,
+      );
+    })
+    .step('rename-record-source-manual-to-local')
+    .from('13.8.1').to('13.8.2')
+    .description('Rename DnsRecordDoc.source value from "manual" to "local"')
+    .up(async (ctx) => {
+      const collection = ctx.mongo!.collection('dnsrecorddoc');
+      const result = await collection.updateMany(
+        { source: 'manual' },
+        { $set: { source: 'local' } },
+      );
+      ctx.log.log(
+        'info',
+        `rename-record-source-manual-to-local: migrated ${result.modifiedCount} record(s)`,
+      );
     });
 
   return migration;

ts_web/00_commitinfo_data.ts

@@ -3,6 +3,6 @@
  */
 export const commitinfo = {
   name: '@serve.zone/dcrouter',
-  version: '13.8.0',
+  version: '13.9.2',
   description: 'A multifaceted routing service handling mail and SMS delivery functions.'
 }

ts_web/appstate.ts

@@ -1793,7 +1793,7 @@ export async function fetchProviderDomains(
   return await request.fire({ identity: context.identity, providerId });
 }
 
-export const createManualDomainAction = domainsStatePart.createAction<{
+export const createDcrouterDomainAction = domainsStatePart.createAction<{
   name: string;
   description?: string;
 }>(async (statePartArg, dataArg, actionContext): Promise<IDomainsState> => {

ts_web/elements/access/ops-view-apitokens.ts

@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ export class OpsViewApiTokens extends DeesElement {
             .suggestions=${allScopes}
             .required=${true}
           ></dees-input-tags>
-          <dees-input-text .key=${'expiresInDays'} .label=${'Expires in (days, blank = never)'}></dees-input-text>
+          <dees-input-text .key=${'expiresInDays'} .label=${'Expires in'} .description=${'Number of days; leave blank for no expiration'}></dees-input-text>
         </dees-form>
       `,
       menuOptions: [

ts_web/elements/domains/dns-provider-form.ts

@@ -44,12 +44,15 @@ export class DnsProviderForm extends DeesElement {
   accessor providerName: string = '';
 
   /**
-   * Currently selected provider type. Initialized to the first descriptor;
+   * Currently selected provider type. Initialized to the first user-creatable
-   * caller can override before mounting (e.g. for edit dialogs).
+   * descriptor; caller can override before mounting (e.g. for edit dialogs).
+   * The built-in 'dcrouter' pseudo-provider is excluded from the picker —
+   * operators cannot create another one.
    */
   @state()
   accessor selectedType: interfaces.data.TDnsProviderType =
-    interfaces.data.dnsProviderTypeDescriptors[0]?.type ?? 'cloudflare';
+    interfaces.data.dnsProviderTypeDescriptors.find((d) => d.type !== 'dcrouter')?.type ??
+    'cloudflare';
 
   /** When true, hide the type picker — used in edit dialogs. */
   @property({ type: Boolean })
@@ -77,22 +80,6 @@ export class DnsProviderForm extends DeesElement {
         margin-bottom: 12px;
       }
 
-      .helpText {
-        font-size: 12px;
-        opacity: 0.7;
-        margin-top: -6px;
-        margin-bottom: 8px;
-      }
-
-      .typeDescription {
-        font-size: 12px;
-        opacity: 0.8;
-        margin: 4px 0 16px;
-        padding: 8px 12px;
-        background: ${cssManager.bdTheme('#f3f4f6', '#1f2937')};
-        border-radius: 6px;
-      }
-
       .credentialsHint {
         font-size: 12px;
         opacity: 0.7;
@@ -102,7 +89,12 @@ export class DnsProviderForm extends DeesElement {
   ];
 
   public render(): TemplateResult {
-    const descriptors = interfaces.data.dnsProviderTypeDescriptors;
+    // Exclude the built-in 'dcrouter' pseudo-provider from the type picker —
+    // operators cannot create another one, it's surfaced at read time by the
+    // backend handler instead.
+    const descriptors = interfaces.data.dnsProviderTypeDescriptors.filter(
+      (d) => d.type !== 'dcrouter',
+    );
     const descriptor = interfaces.data.getDnsProviderTypeDescriptor(this.selectedType);
 
     return html`
@@ -122,6 +114,7 @@ export class DnsProviderForm extends DeesElement {
                 <dees-input-text
                   .key=${'__type_display'}
                   .label=${'Type'}
+                  .infoText=${descriptor?.description || ''}
                   .value=${descriptor?.displayName ?? this.selectedType}
                   .disabled=${true}
                 ></dees-input-text>
@@ -132,6 +125,7 @@ export class DnsProviderForm extends DeesElement {
                 <dees-input-dropdown
                   .key=${'__type'}
                   .label=${'Provider type'}
+                  .infoText=${descriptor?.description || ''}
                   .options=${descriptors.map((d) => ({ option: d.displayName, key: d.type }))}
                   .selectedOption=${descriptor
                     ? { option: descriptor.displayName, key: descriptor.type }
@@ -150,7 +144,6 @@ export class DnsProviderForm extends DeesElement {
             `}
         ${descriptor
           ? html`
-              <div class="typeDescription">${descriptor.description}</div>
               ${this.credentialsHint
                 ? html`<div class="credentialsHint">${this.credentialsHint}</div>`
                 : ''}
@@ -160,9 +153,9 @@ export class DnsProviderForm extends DeesElement {
                     <dees-input-text
                       .key=${f.key}
                       .label=${f.label}
+                      .description=${f.helpText || ''}
                       .required=${f.required && !this.lockType}
                     ></dees-input-text>
-                    ${f.helpText ? html`<div class="helpText">${f.helpText}</div>` : ''}
                   </div>
                 `,
               )}

ts_web/elements/domains/ops-view-certificates.ts

@@ -54,35 +54,31 @@ export class OpsViewCertificates extends DeesElement {
         gap: 24px;
       }
 
-      .acmeCard {
+      .acmeTileHeader {
-        padding: 16px 20px;
-        background: ${cssManager.bdTheme('#f9fafb', '#111827')};
-        border: 1px solid ${cssManager.bdTheme('#e5e7eb', '#374151')};
-        border-radius: 8px;
-      }
-
-      .acmeCard.acmeCardEmpty {
-        background: ${cssManager.bdTheme('#fffbeb', '#1c1917')};
-        border-color: ${cssManager.bdTheme('#fde68a', '#78350f')};
-      }
-
-      .acmeCardHeader {
         display: flex;
         justify-content: space-between;
         align-items: center;
-        margin-bottom: 12px;
+        width: 100%;
+        padding: 8px 12px;
       }
 
-      .acmeCardTitle {
+      .acmeTileHeading {
         font-size: 14px;
         font-weight: 600;
-        color: ${cssManager.bdTheme('#111827', '#f3f4f6')};
+      }
+
+      .acmeEmptyContent {
+        padding: 16px;
+        font-size: 13px;
+        line-height: 1.5;
+        color: ${cssManager.bdTheme('#78350f', '#fde68a')};
       }
 
       .acmeGrid {
         display: grid;
         grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(180px, 1fr));
         gap: 12px 24px;
+        padding: 16px;
       }
 
       .acmeField {
@@ -103,13 +99,6 @@ export class OpsViewCertificates extends DeesElement {
         color: ${cssManager.bdTheme('#111827', '#f3f4f6')};
       }
 
-      .acmeEmptyHint {
-        margin: 0;
-        font-size: 13px;
-        line-height: 1.5;
-        color: ${cssManager.bdTheme('#78350f', '#fde68a')};
-      }
-
       .statusBadge {
         display: inline-flex;
         align-items: center;
@@ -226,41 +215,40 @@ export class OpsViewCertificates extends DeesElement {
       <dees-heading level="3">Certificates</dees-heading>
 
       <div class="certificatesContainer">
-        ${this.renderAcmeSettingsCard()}
         ${this.renderStatsTiles(summary)}
+        ${this.renderAcmeSettingsTile()}
         ${this.renderCertificateTable()}
       </div>
     `;
   }
 
-  private renderAcmeSettingsCard(): TemplateResult {
+  private renderAcmeSettingsTile(): TemplateResult {
     const config = this.acmeState.config;
 
     if (!config) {
       return html`
-        <div class="acmeCard acmeCardEmpty">
+        <dees-tile .heading=${'ACME Settings'}>
-          <div class="acmeCardHeader">
+          <div slot="header" class="acmeTileHeader">
-            <span class="acmeCardTitle">ACME Settings</span>
+            <span class="acmeTileHeading">ACME Settings</span>
             <dees-button
-              eventName="edit-acme"
               @click=${() => this.showEditAcmeDialog()}
               .type=${'highlighted'}
             >Configure</dees-button>
           </div>
-          <p class="acmeEmptyHint">
+          <div class="acmeEmptyContent">
             No ACME configuration yet. Click <strong>Configure</strong> to set up automated TLS
             certificate issuance via Let's Encrypt. You'll also need at least one DNS provider
             under <strong>Domains &gt; Providers</strong>.
-          </p>
           </div>
+        </dees-tile>
       `;
     }
 
     return html`
-      <div class="acmeCard">
+      <dees-tile>
-        <div class="acmeCardHeader">
+        <div slot="header" class="acmeTileHeader">
-          <span class="acmeCardTitle">ACME Settings</span>
+          <span class="acmeTileHeading">ACME Settings</span>
-          <dees-button eventName="edit-acme" @click=${() => this.showEditAcmeDialog()}>Edit</dees-button>
+          <dees-button @click=${() => this.showEditAcmeDialog()}>Edit</dees-button>
         </div>
         <div class="acmeGrid">
           <div class="acmeField">
@@ -292,7 +280,7 @@ export class OpsViewCertificates extends DeesElement {
             <span class="acmeValue">${config.renewThresholdDays} days</span>
           </div>
         </div>
-      </div>
+      </dees-tile>
     `;
   }
 
@@ -317,7 +305,8 @@ export class OpsViewCertificates extends DeesElement {
           ></dees-input-checkbox>
           <dees-input-checkbox
             .key=${'useProduction'}
-            .label=${"Use Let's Encrypt production (uncheck for staging)"}
+            .label=${"Use Let's Encrypt production"}
+            .description=${'Uncheck to use the staging environment'}
             .value=${current?.useProduction ?? true}
           ></dees-input-checkbox>
           <dees-input-checkbox
@@ -327,7 +316,8 @@ export class OpsViewCertificates extends DeesElement {
           ></dees-input-checkbox>
           <dees-input-text
             .key=${'renewThresholdDays'}
-            .label=${'Renewal threshold (days)'}
+            .label=${'Renewal threshold'}
+            .description=${'Number of days before expiry to trigger renewal'}
             .value=${String(current?.renewThresholdDays ?? 30)}
           ></dees-input-text>
         </dees-form>
@@ -456,11 +446,12 @@ export class OpsViewCertificates extends DeesElement {
                 content: html`
                   <dees-form>
                     <dees-input-fileupload
-                      key="certJsonFile"
+                      .key=${'certJsonFile'}
-                      label="Certificate JSON (.tsclass.cert.json)"
+                      .label=${'Certificate JSON'}
-                      accept=".json"
+                      .description=${'Upload a .tsclass.cert.json file'}
+                      .accept=${'.json'}
                       .multiple=${false}
-                      required
+                      .required=${true}
                     ></dees-input-fileupload>
                   </dees-form>
                 `,

ts_web/elements/domains/ops-view-dns.ts

@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ export class OpsViewDns extends DeesElement {
         font-weight: 500;
       }
 
-      .sourceBadge.manual {
+      .sourceBadge.local {
         background: ${cssManager.bdTheme('#e0e7ff', '#1e1b4b')};
         color: ${cssManager.bdTheme('#3730a3', '#a5b4fc')};
       }
@@ -101,8 +101,8 @@ export class OpsViewDns extends DeesElement {
       <dees-heading level="3">DNS Records</dees-heading>
       <div class="dnsContainer">
         <div class="domainPicker">
-          <span>Domain:</span>
           <dees-input-dropdown
+            .label=${'Domain'}
             .options=${domains.map((d) => ({ option: d.name, key: d.id }))}
             .selectedOption=${selectedId
               ? { option: domains.find((d) => d.id === selectedId)?.name || '', key: selectedId }
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ export class OpsViewDns extends DeesElement {
   private domainHint(domainId: string): string {
     const domain = this.domainsState.domains.find((d) => d.id === domainId);
     if (!domain) return '';
-    if (domain.source === 'manual') {
+    if (domain.source === 'dcrouter') {
       return 'Records are served by dcrouter (authoritative).';
     }
     return 'Records are stored at the provider — changes here are pushed via the provider API.';
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ export class OpsViewDns extends DeesElement {
       heading: 'Add DNS Record',
       content: html`
         <dees-form>
-          <dees-input-text .key=${'name'} .label=${'Name (FQDN)'} .required=${true}></dees-input-text>
+          <dees-input-text .key=${'name'} .label=${'Name'} .description=${'Fully qualified domain name'} .required=${true}></dees-input-text>
           <dees-input-dropdown
             .key=${'type'}
             .label=${'Type'}
@@ -205,10 +205,11 @@ export class OpsViewDns extends DeesElement {
           ></dees-input-dropdown>
           <dees-input-text
             .key=${'value'}
-            .label=${'Value (for MX use "10 mail.example.com")'}
+            .label=${'Value'}
+            .description=${'For MX records use priority format, e.g. "10 mail.example.com"'}
             .required=${true}
           ></dees-input-text>
-          <dees-input-text .key=${'ttl'} .label=${'TTL (seconds)'} .value=${'300'}></dees-input-text>
+          <dees-input-text .key=${'ttl'} .label=${'TTL'} .description=${'Time to live in seconds'} .value=${'300'}></dees-input-text>
         </dees-form>
       `,
       menuOptions: [
@@ -242,9 +243,9 @@ export class OpsViewDns extends DeesElement {
       heading: `Edit ${rec.type} ${rec.name}`,
       content: html`
         <dees-form>
-          <dees-input-text .key=${'name'} .label=${'Name (FQDN)'} .value=${rec.name}></dees-input-text>
+          <dees-input-text .key=${'name'} .label=${'Name'} .description=${'Fully qualified domain name'} .value=${rec.name}></dees-input-text>
           <dees-input-text .key=${'value'} .label=${'Value'} .value=${rec.value}></dees-input-text>
-          <dees-input-text .key=${'ttl'} .label=${'TTL (seconds)'} .value=${String(rec.ttl)}></dees-input-text>
+          <dees-input-text .key=${'ttl'} .label=${'TTL'} .description=${'Time to live in seconds'} .value=${String(rec.ttl)}></dees-input-text>
         </dees-form>
       `,
       menuOptions: [

ts_web/elements/domains/ops-view-domains.ts

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ export class OpsViewDomains extends DeesElement {
         font-weight: 500;
       }
 
-      .sourceBadge.manual {
+      .sourceBadge.dcrouter {
         background: ${cssManager.bdTheme('#e0e7ff', '#1e1b4b')};
         color: ${cssManager.bdTheme('#3730a3', '#a5b4fc')};
       }
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ export class OpsViewDomains extends DeesElement {
       <div class="domainsContainer">
         <dees-table
           .heading1=${'Domains'}
-          .heading2=${'Domains under management — manual (authoritative) or imported from a provider'}
+          .heading2=${'Domains under management — served by dcrouter (authoritative) or imported from a provider'}
           .data=${domains}
           .showColumnFilters=${true}
           .displayFunction=${(d: interfaces.data.IDomain) => ({
@@ -90,11 +90,11 @@ export class OpsViewDomains extends DeesElement {
           })}
           .dataActions=${[
             {
-              name: 'Add Manual Domain',
+              name: 'Add DcRouter Domain',
               iconName: 'lucide:plus',
               type: ['header' as const],
               actionFunc: async () => {
-                await this.showCreateManualDialog();
+                await this.showCreateDcrouterDialog();
               },
             },
             {
@@ -168,21 +168,21 @@ export class OpsViewDomains extends DeesElement {
     d: interfaces.data.IDomain,
     providersById: Map<string, interfaces.data.IDnsProviderPublic>,
   ): TemplateResult {
-    if (d.source === 'manual') {
+    if (d.source === 'dcrouter') {
-      return html`<span class="sourceBadge manual">Manual</span>`;
+      return html`<span class="sourceBadge dcrouter">DcRouter</span>`;
     }
     const provider = d.providerId ? providersById.get(d.providerId) : undefined;
     return html`<span class="sourceBadge provider">${provider?.name || 'Provider'}</span>`;
   }
 
-  private async showCreateManualDialog() {
+  private async showCreateDcrouterDialog() {
     const { DeesModal } = await import('@design.estate/dees-catalog');
     DeesModal.createAndShow({
-      heading: 'Add Manual Domain',
+      heading: 'Add DcRouter Domain',
       content: html`
         <dees-form>
-          <dees-input-text .key=${'name'} .label=${'FQDN (e.g. example.com)'} .required=${true}></dees-input-text>
+          <dees-input-text .key=${'name'} .label=${'FQDN'} .description=${'e.g. example.com'} .required=${true}></dees-input-text>
-          <dees-input-text .key=${'description'} .label=${'Description (optional)'}></dees-input-text>
+          <dees-input-text .key=${'description'} .label=${'Description'}></dees-input-text>
         </dees-form>
         <p style="margin-top: 12px; font-size: 12px; opacity: 0.7;">
           dcrouter will become the authoritative DNS server for this domain. You'll need to
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ export class OpsViewDomains extends DeesElement {
               ?.querySelector('dees-form');
             if (!form) return;
             const data = await form.collectFormData();
-            await appstate.domainsStatePart.dispatchAction(appstate.createManualDomainAction, {
+            await appstate.domainsStatePart.dispatchAction(appstate.createDcrouterDomainAction, {
               name: String(data.name),
               description: data.description ? String(data.description) : undefined,
             });
@@ -235,7 +235,8 @@ export class OpsViewDomains extends DeesElement {
           ></dees-input-dropdown>
           <dees-input-text
             .key=${'domainNames'}
-            .label=${'Comma-separated FQDNs to import (e.g. example.com, foo.com)'}
+            .label=${'Domain Names'}
+            .description=${'Comma-separated FQDNs, e.g. example.com, foo.com'}
             .required=${true}
           ></dees-input-text>
         </dees-form>

ts_web/elements/domains/ops-view-providers.ts

@@ -71,6 +71,11 @@ export class OpsViewProviders extends DeesElement {
         background: ${cssManager.bdTheme('#f3f4f6', '#1f2937')};
         color: ${cssManager.bdTheme('#4b5563', '#9ca3af')};
       }
+
+      .statusBadge.builtin {
+        background: ${cssManager.bdTheme('#e0e7ff', '#1e1b4b')};
+        color: ${cssManager.bdTheme('#3730a3', '#a5b4fc')};
+      }
     `,
   ];
 
@@ -82,15 +87,21 @@ export class OpsViewProviders extends DeesElement {
       <div class="providersContainer">
         <dees-table
           .heading1=${'Providers'}
-          .heading2=${'External DNS provider accounts'}
+          .heading2=${'Built-in dcrouter + external DNS provider accounts'}
           .data=${providers}
           .showColumnFilters=${true}
           .displayFunction=${(p: interfaces.data.IDnsProviderPublic) => ({
             Name: p.name,
             Type: this.providerTypeLabel(p.type),
-            Status: this.renderStatusBadge(p.status),
+            Status: p.builtIn
-            'Last Tested': p.lastTestedAt ? new Date(p.lastTestedAt).toLocaleString() : 'never',
+              ? html`<span class="statusBadge builtin">built-in</span>`
-            Error: p.lastError || '-',
+              : this.renderStatusBadge(p.status),
+            'Last Tested': p.builtIn
+              ? '—'
+              : p.lastTestedAt
+                ? new Date(p.lastTestedAt).toLocaleString()
+                : 'never',
+            Error: p.builtIn ? '—' : p.lastError || '-',
           })}
           .dataActions=${[
             {
@@ -116,6 +127,7 @@ export class OpsViewProviders extends DeesElement {
               name: 'Test Connection',
               iconName: 'lucide:plug',
               type: ['inRow', 'contextmenu'] as any,
+              actionRelevancyCheckFunc: (p: interfaces.data.IDnsProviderPublic) => !p.builtIn,
               actionFunc: async (actionData: any) => {
                 const provider = actionData.item as interfaces.data.IDnsProviderPublic;
                 await this.testProvider(provider);
@@ -125,6 +137,7 @@ export class OpsViewProviders extends DeesElement {
               name: 'Edit',
               iconName: 'lucide:pencil',
               type: ['inRow', 'contextmenu'] as any,
+              actionRelevancyCheckFunc: (p: interfaces.data.IDnsProviderPublic) => !p.builtIn,
               actionFunc: async (actionData: any) => {
                 const provider = actionData.item as interfaces.data.IDnsProviderPublic;
                 await this.showEditDialog(provider);
@@ -134,6 +147,7 @@ export class OpsViewProviders extends DeesElement {
               name: 'Delete',
               iconName: 'lucide:trash2',
               type: ['inRow', 'contextmenu'] as any,
+              actionRelevancyCheckFunc: (p: interfaces.data.IDnsProviderPublic) => !p.builtIn,
               actionFunc: async (actionData: any) => {
                 const provider = actionData.item as interfaces.data.IDnsProviderPublic;
                 await this.deleteProvider(provider);

ts_web/elements/network/ops-view-network-activity.ts

@@ -323,6 +323,8 @@ export class OpsViewNetworkActivity extends DeesElement {
         <!-- Requests Table -->
         <dees-table
           .data=${this.networkRequests}
+          .rowKey=${'id'}
+          .highlightUpdates=${'flash'}
           .displayFunction=${(req: INetworkRequest) => ({
             Time: new Date(req.timestamp).toLocaleTimeString(),
             Protocol: html`<span class="protocolBadge ${req.protocol}">${req.protocol.toUpperCase()}</span>`,
@@ -595,6 +597,8 @@ export class OpsViewNetworkActivity extends DeesElement {
     return html`
       <dees-table
         .data=${this.networkState.topIPs}
+        .rowKey=${'ip'}
+        .highlightUpdates=${'flash'}
         .displayFunction=${(ipData: { ip: string; count: number }) => {
           const bw = bandwidthByIP.get(ipData.ip);
           return {
@@ -624,6 +628,8 @@ export class OpsViewNetworkActivity extends DeesElement {
     return html`
       <dees-table
         .data=${backends}
+        .rowKey=${'backend'}
+        .highlightUpdates=${'flash'}
         .displayFunction=${(item: interfaces.data.IBackendInfo) => {
           const totalErrors = item.connectErrors + item.handshakeErrors + item.requestErrors;
           const protocolClass = item.protocol.toLowerCase().replace(/[^a-z0-9]/g, '');
@@ -724,19 +730,10 @@ export class OpsViewNetworkActivity extends DeesElement {
       this.requestsPerSecHistory.shift();
     }
 
-    // Only update if connections changed significantly
+    // Reassign unconditionally so dees-table's flash diff can compare per-cell
-    const newConnectionCount = this.networkState.connections.length;
+    // values against the previous snapshot. Row identity is preserved via
-    const oldConnectionCount = this.networkRequests.length;
+    // rowKey='id', so DOM nodes are reused across ticks.
-
+    this.networkRequests = this.networkState.connections.map((conn) => ({
-    // Check if we need to update the network requests array
-    const shouldUpdate = newConnectionCount !== oldConnectionCount ||
-                        newConnectionCount === 0 ||
-                        (newConnectionCount > 0 && this.networkRequests.length === 0);
-
-    if (shouldUpdate) {
-      // Convert connection data to network requests format
-      if (newConnectionCount > 0) {
-        this.networkRequests = this.networkState.connections.map((conn, index) => ({
       id: conn.id,
       timestamp: conn.startTime,
       method: 'GET', // Default method for proxy connections
@@ -751,10 +748,6 @@ export class OpsViewNetworkActivity extends DeesElement {
       remoteIp: conn.remoteAddress,
       route: 'proxy',
     }));
-      } else {
-        this.networkRequests = [];
-      }
-    }
 
     // Load server-side throughput history into chart (once)
     if (!this.historyLoaded && this.networkState.throughputHistory && this.networkState.throughputHistory.length > 0) {

ts_web/elements/network/ops-view-remoteingress.ts

@@ -220,6 +220,8 @@ export class OpsViewRemoteIngress extends DeesElement {
           .heading1=${'Edge Nodes'}
           .heading2=${'Manage remote ingress edge registrations'}
           .data=${this.riState.edges}
+          .rowKey=${'id'}
+          .highlightUpdates=${'flash'}
           .showColumnFilters=${true}
           .displayFunction=${(edge: interfaces.data.IRemoteIngress) => ({
             name: edge.name,
@@ -241,9 +243,9 @@ export class OpsViewRemoteIngress extends DeesElement {
                   content: html`
                     <dees-form>
                       <dees-input-text .key=${'name'} .label=${'Name'} .required=${true}></dees-input-text>
-                      <dees-input-text .key=${'listenPorts'} .label=${'Additional Manual Ports (comma-separated, optional)'}></dees-input-text>
+                      <dees-input-text .key=${'listenPorts'} .label=${'Manual Ports'} .description=${'Comma-separated port numbers, optional'}></dees-input-text>
                       <dees-input-checkbox .key=${'autoDerivePorts'} .label=${'Auto-derive ports from routes'} .value=${true}></dees-input-checkbox>
-                      <dees-input-text .key=${'tags'} .label=${'Tags (comma-separated, optional)'}></dees-input-text>
+                      <dees-input-text .key=${'tags'} .label=${'Tags'} .description=${'Comma-separated, optional'}></dees-input-text>
                     </dees-form>
                   `,
                   menuOptions: [
@@ -318,9 +320,9 @@ export class OpsViewRemoteIngress extends DeesElement {
                   content: html`
                     <dees-form>
                       <dees-input-text .key=${'name'} .label=${'Name'} .value=${edge.name}></dees-input-text>
-                      <dees-input-text .key=${'listenPorts'} .label=${'Manual Ports (comma-separated)'} .value=${(edge.listenPorts || []).join(', ')}></dees-input-text>
+                      <dees-input-text .key=${'listenPorts'} .label=${'Manual Ports'} .description=${'Comma-separated port numbers'} .value=${(edge.listenPorts || []).join(', ')}></dees-input-text>
                       <dees-input-checkbox .key=${'autoDerivePorts'} .label=${'Auto-derive ports from routes'} .value=${edge.autoDerivePorts !== false}></dees-input-checkbox>
-                      <dees-input-text .key=${'tags'} .label=${'Tags (comma-separated)'} .value=${(edge.tags || []).join(', ')}></dees-input-text>
+                      <dees-input-text .key=${'tags'} .label=${'Tags'} .description=${'Comma-separated'} .value=${(edge.tags || []).join(', ')}></dees-input-text>
                     </dees-form>
                   `,
                   menuOptions: [

ts_web/elements/network/ops-view-routes.ts

@@ -473,19 +473,19 @@ export class OpsViewRoutes extends DeesElement {
       content: html`
         <dees-form>
           <dees-input-text .key=${'name'} .label=${'Route Name'} .value=${route.name || ''} .required=${true}></dees-input-text>
-          <dees-input-text .key=${'ports'} .label=${'Ports (comma-separated)'} .value=${currentPorts} .required=${true}></dees-input-text>
+          <dees-input-text .key=${'ports'} .label=${'Ports'} .description=${'Comma-separated, e.g. 80, 443'} .value=${currentPorts} .required=${true}></dees-input-text>
           <dees-input-list .key=${'domains'} .label=${'Domains'} .placeholder=${'Add domain...'} .value=${currentDomains}></dees-input-list>
-          <dees-input-text .key=${'priority'} .label=${'Priority (higher = matched first)'} .value=${route.priority != null ? String(route.priority) : ''}></dees-input-text>
+          <dees-input-text .key=${'priority'} .label=${'Priority'} .description=${'Higher values are matched first'} .value=${route.priority != null ? String(route.priority) : ''}></dees-input-text>
           <dees-input-dropdown .key=${'sourceProfileRef'} .label=${'Source Profile'} .options=${profileOptions} .selectedOption=${profileOptions.find((o) => o.key === (merged.metadata?.sourceProfileRef || '')) || null}></dees-input-dropdown>
           <dees-input-dropdown .key=${'networkTargetRef'} .label=${'Network Target'} .options=${targetOptions} .selectedOption=${targetOptions.find((o) => o.key === (merged.metadata?.networkTargetRef || '')) || null}></dees-input-dropdown>
-          <dees-input-text .key=${'targetHost'} .label=${'Target Host (if no target selected)'} .value=${currentTargetHost}></dees-input-text>
+          <dees-input-text .key=${'targetHost'} .label=${'Target Host'} .description=${'Used when no network target is selected'} .value=${currentTargetHost}></dees-input-text>
-          <dees-input-text .key=${'targetPort'} .label=${'Target Port (if no target selected)'} .value=${currentTargetPort}></dees-input-text>
+          <dees-input-text .key=${'targetPort'} .label=${'Target Port'} .description=${'Used when no network target is selected'} .value=${currentTargetPort}></dees-input-text>
           <dees-input-dropdown .key=${'tlsMode'} .label=${'TLS Mode'} .options=${tlsModeOptions} .selectedOption=${tlsModeOptions.find((o) => o.key === currentTlsMode) || tlsModeOptions[0]}></dees-input-dropdown>
           <div class="tlsCertificateGroup" style="display: ${needsCert ? 'flex' : 'none'}; flex-direction: column; gap: 16px;">
             <dees-input-dropdown .key=${'tlsCertificate'} .label=${'Certificate'} .options=${tlsCertOptions} .selectedOption=${tlsCertOptions.find((o) => o.key === currentTlsCert) || tlsCertOptions[0]}></dees-input-dropdown>
             <div class="tlsCustomCertGroup" style="display: ${needsCert && isCustom ? 'flex' : 'none'}; flex-direction: column; gap: 16px;">
-              <dees-input-text .key=${'tlsCertKey'} .label=${'Private Key (PEM)'} .value=${currentCustomKey}></dees-input-text>
+              <dees-input-text .key=${'tlsCertKey'} .label=${'Private Key'} .description=${'PEM-encoded private key'} .value=${currentCustomKey}></dees-input-text>
-              <dees-input-text .key=${'tlsCertCert'} .label=${'Certificate (PEM)'} .value=${currentCustomCert}></dees-input-text>
+              <dees-input-text .key=${'tlsCertCert'} .label=${'Certificate'} .description=${'PEM-encoded certificate'} .value=${currentCustomCert}></dees-input-text>
             </div>
           </div>
         </dees-form>
@@ -607,19 +607,19 @@ export class OpsViewRoutes extends DeesElement {
       content: html`
         <dees-form>
           <dees-input-text .key=${'name'} .label=${'Route Name'} .required=${true}></dees-input-text>
-          <dees-input-text .key=${'ports'} .label=${'Ports (comma-separated)'} .required=${true}></dees-input-text>
+          <dees-input-text .key=${'ports'} .label=${'Ports'} .description=${'Comma-separated, e.g. 80, 443'} .required=${true}></dees-input-text>
           <dees-input-list .key=${'domains'} .label=${'Domains'} .placeholder=${'Add domain...'}></dees-input-list>
-          <dees-input-text .key=${'priority'} .label=${'Priority (higher = matched first)'}></dees-input-text>
+          <dees-input-text .key=${'priority'} .label=${'Priority'} .description=${'Higher values are matched first'}></dees-input-text>
           <dees-input-dropdown .key=${'sourceProfileRef'} .label=${'Source Profile'} .options=${profileOptions}></dees-input-dropdown>
           <dees-input-dropdown .key=${'networkTargetRef'} .label=${'Network Target'} .options=${targetOptions}></dees-input-dropdown>
-          <dees-input-text .key=${'targetHost'} .label=${'Target Host (if no target selected)'} .value=${'localhost'}></dees-input-text>
+          <dees-input-text .key=${'targetHost'} .label=${'Target Host'} .description=${'Used when no network target is selected'} .value=${'localhost'}></dees-input-text>
-          <dees-input-text .key=${'targetPort'} .label=${'Target Port (if no target selected)'}></dees-input-text>
+          <dees-input-text .key=${'targetPort'} .label=${'Target Port'} .description=${'Used when no network target is selected'}></dees-input-text>
           <dees-input-dropdown .key=${'tlsMode'} .label=${'TLS Mode'} .options=${tlsModeOptions} .selectedOption=${tlsModeOptions[0]}></dees-input-dropdown>
           <div class="tlsCertificateGroup" style="display: none; flex-direction: column; gap: 16px;">
             <dees-input-dropdown .key=${'tlsCertificate'} .label=${'Certificate'} .options=${tlsCertOptions} .selectedOption=${tlsCertOptions[0]}></dees-input-dropdown>
             <div class="tlsCustomCertGroup" style="display: none; flex-direction: column; gap: 16px;">
-              <dees-input-text .key=${'tlsCertKey'} .label=${'Private Key (PEM)'}></dees-input-text>
+              <dees-input-text .key=${'tlsCertKey'} .label=${'Private Key'} .description=${'PEM-encoded private key'}></dees-input-text>
-              <dees-input-text .key=${'tlsCertCert'} .label=${'Certificate (PEM)'}></dees-input-text>
+              <dees-input-text .key=${'tlsCertCert'} .label=${'Certificate'} .description=${'PEM-encoded certificate'}></dees-input-text>
             </div>
           </div>
         </dees-form>

ts_web/elements/network/ops-view-targetprofiles.ts

@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ export class OpsViewTargetProfiles extends DeesElement {
           <dees-input-text .key=${'name'} .label=${'Name'} .required=${true}></dees-input-text>
           <dees-input-text .key=${'description'} .label=${'Description'}></dees-input-text>
           <dees-input-list .key=${'domains'} .label=${'Domains'} .placeholder=${'e.g. *.example.com'} .allowFreeform=${true}></dees-input-list>
-          <dees-input-list .key=${'targets'} .label=${'Targets (ip:port)'} .placeholder=${'e.g. 10.0.0.1:443'} .allowFreeform=${true}></dees-input-list>
+          <dees-input-list .key=${'targets'} .label=${'Targets'} .description=${'Format: ip:port, e.g. 10.0.0.1:443'} .placeholder=${'e.g. 10.0.0.1:443'} .allowFreeform=${true}></dees-input-list>
           <dees-input-list .key=${'routeRefs'} .label=${'Route Refs'} .placeholder=${'Type to search routes...'} .candidates=${routeCandidates} .allowFreeform=${true}></dees-input-list>
         </dees-form>
       `,
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ export class OpsViewTargetProfiles extends DeesElement {
           <dees-input-text .key=${'name'} .label=${'Name'} .value=${profile.name}></dees-input-text>
           <dees-input-text .key=${'description'} .label=${'Description'} .value=${profile.description || ''}></dees-input-text>
           <dees-input-list .key=${'domains'} .label=${'Domains'} .placeholder=${'e.g. *.example.com'} .allowFreeform=${true} .value=${currentDomains}></dees-input-list>
-          <dees-input-list .key=${'targets'} .label=${'Targets (ip:port)'} .placeholder=${'e.g. 10.0.0.1:443'} .allowFreeform=${true} .value=${currentTargets}></dees-input-list>
+          <dees-input-list .key=${'targets'} .label=${'Targets'} .description=${'Format: ip:port, e.g. 10.0.0.1:443'} .placeholder=${'e.g. 10.0.0.1:443'} .allowFreeform=${true} .value=${currentTargets}></dees-input-list>
           <dees-input-list .key=${'routeRefs'} .label=${'Route Refs'} .placeholder=${'Type to search routes...'} .candidates=${routeCandidates} .allowFreeform=${true} .value=${currentRouteRefs}></dees-input-list>
         </dees-form>
       `,

ts_web/elements/network/ops-view-vpn.ts

@@ -305,6 +305,8 @@ export class OpsViewVpn extends DeesElement {
         .heading1=${'VPN Clients'}
         .heading2=${'Manage WireGuard and SmartVPN client registrations'}
         .data=${clients}
+        .rowKey=${'clientId'}
+        .highlightUpdates=${'flash'}
         .showColumnFilters=${true}
         .displayFunction=${(client: interfaces.data.IVpnClient) => {
           const conn = this.getConnectedInfo(client);
@@ -369,8 +371,8 @@ export class OpsViewVpn extends DeesElement {
                     </div>
                     <dees-input-checkbox .key=${'allowAdditionalAcls'} .label=${'Allow additional ACLs'} .value=${false}></dees-input-checkbox>
                     <div class="aclGroup" style="display: none; flex-direction: column; gap: 16px;">
-                      <dees-input-text .key=${'destinationAllowList'} .label=${'Destination Allow List (comma-separated IPs/CIDRs)'}></dees-input-text>
+                      <dees-input-text .key=${'destinationAllowList'} .label=${'Destination Allow List'} .description=${'Comma-separated IPs or CIDRs'}></dees-input-text>
-                      <dees-input-text .key=${'destinationBlockList'} .label=${'Destination Block List (comma-separated IPs/CIDRs)'}></dees-input-text>
+                      <dees-input-text .key=${'destinationBlockList'} .label=${'Destination Block List'} .description=${'Comma-separated IPs or CIDRs'}></dees-input-text>
                     </div>
                   </dees-form>
                 `,
@@ -679,8 +681,8 @@ export class OpsViewVpn extends DeesElement {
                     </div>
                     <dees-input-checkbox .key=${'allowAdditionalAcls'} .label=${'Allow additional ACLs'} .value=${currentAllowAcls}></dees-input-checkbox>
                     <div class="aclGroup" style="display: ${currentAllowAcls ? 'flex' : 'none'}; flex-direction: column; gap: 16px;">
-                      <dees-input-text .key=${'destinationAllowList'} .label=${'Destination Allow List (comma-separated IPs/CIDRs)'} .value=${currentAllowList}></dees-input-text>
+                      <dees-input-text .key=${'destinationAllowList'} .label=${'Destination Allow List'} .description=${'Comma-separated IPs or CIDRs'} .value=${currentAllowList}></dees-input-text>
-                      <dees-input-text .key=${'destinationBlockList'} .label=${'Destination Block List (comma-separated IPs/CIDRs)'} .value=${currentBlockList}></dees-input-text>
+                      <dees-input-text .key=${'destinationBlockList'} .label=${'Destination Block List'} .description=${'Comma-separated IPs or CIDRs'} .value=${currentBlockList}></dees-input-text>
                     </div>
                   </dees-form>
                 `,