feat: Implement comprehensive web request handling with caching, retry, and interceptors

- Added cache strategies: NetworkFirst, CacheFirst, StaleWhileRevalidate, NetworkOnly, and CacheOnly.
- Introduced InterceptorManager for managing request, response, and error interceptors.
- Developed RetryManager for handling request retries with customizable backoff strategies.
- Implemented RequestDeduplicator to prevent simultaneous identical requests.
- Created timeout utilities for handling request timeouts.
- Enhanced WebrequestClient to support global interceptors, caching, and retry logic.
- Added convenience methods for common HTTP methods (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE) with JSON handling.
- Established a fetch-compatible webrequest function for seamless integration.
- Defined core type structures for caching, retry options, interceptors, and web request configurations.

ts/retry/retry.strategies.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+/**
+ * Retry backoff strategies
+ */
+
+import type { TBackoffStrategy } from '../webrequest.types.js';
+
+export interface IBackoffCalculator {
+  calculate(attempt: number, initialDelay: number, maxDelay: number): number;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Exponential backoff strategy
+ * Delay increases exponentially: initialDelay * 2^attempt
+ */
+export class ExponentialBackoff implements IBackoffCalculator {
+  calculate(attempt: number, initialDelay: number, maxDelay: number): number {
+    const delay = initialDelay * Math.pow(2, attempt - 1);
+    return Math.min(delay, maxDelay);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Linear backoff strategy
+ * Delay increases linearly: initialDelay * attempt
+ */
+export class LinearBackoff implements IBackoffCalculator {
+  calculate(attempt: number, initialDelay: number, maxDelay: number): number {
+    const delay = initialDelay * attempt;
+    return Math.min(delay, maxDelay);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Constant backoff strategy
+ * Delay stays constant: initialDelay
+ */
+export class ConstantBackoff implements IBackoffCalculator {
+  calculate(attempt: number, initialDelay: number, maxDelay: number): number {
+    return Math.min(initialDelay, maxDelay);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get backoff calculator for a given strategy
+ */
+export function getBackoffCalculator(
+  strategy: TBackoffStrategy,
+): IBackoffCalculator {
+  switch (strategy) {
+    case 'exponential':
+      return new ExponentialBackoff();
+    case 'linear':
+      return new LinearBackoff();
+    case 'constant':
+      return new ConstantBackoff();
+    default:
+      return new ExponentialBackoff();
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Add jitter to delay to prevent thundering herd
+ */
+export function addJitter(delay: number, jitterFactor: number = 0.1): number {
+  const jitter = delay * jitterFactor * Math.random();
+  return delay + jitter;
+}