v13.21.0

changelog.md

@@ -1,5 +1,19 @@
 # Changelog
 
+## 2026-04-25 - 13.21.0 - feat(monitoring)
+improve network activity metrics with live domain request rates and backend identifiers
+
+- use SmartProxy per-domain live request rates to rank and attribute domain activity metrics, while retaining lifetime request totals as fallback data
+- separate aggregate backend rows from protocol cache rows with stable ids so cached protocol entries no longer duplicate active backend connection counts
+- expose frontend and backend protocol distributions plus aggregated connectionCount fields through ops and web network views
+
+## 2026-04-17 - 13.20.2 - fix(vpn)
+handle VPN forwarding mode downgrades and support runtime VPN config updates
+
+- restart the VPN server back to socket mode when host-IP clients are removed while preserving explicit hybrid mode
+- allow DcRouter to update VPN configuration at runtime and refresh route allow-list resolution without recreating the router
+- improve VPN operations UI target profile rendering and loading behavior for create and edit flows
+
 ## 2026-04-17 - 13.20.1 - fix(docs)
 refresh package readmes with clearer runtime, API client, interfaces, migrations, and dashboard guidance
 

package.json

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "name": "@serve.zone/dcrouter",
   "private": false,
-  "version": "13.20.1",
+  "version": "13.21.0",
   "description": "A multifaceted routing service handling mail and SMS delivery functions.",
   "type": "module",
   "exports": {
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
     "@push.rocks/smartnetwork": "^4.6.0",
     "@push.rocks/smartpath": "^6.0.0",
     "@push.rocks/smartpromise": "^4.2.3",
-    "@push.rocks/smartproxy": "^27.7.4",
+    "@push.rocks/smartproxy": "^27.8.0",
     "@push.rocks/smartradius": "^1.1.1",
     "@push.rocks/smartrequest": "^5.0.1",
     "@push.rocks/smartrx": "^3.0.10",
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@
     "@push.rocks/smartvpn": "1.19.2",
     "@push.rocks/taskbuffer": "^8.0.2",
     "@serve.zone/catalog": "^2.12.4",
-    "@serve.zone/interfaces": "^5.3.0",
+    "@serve.zone/interfaces": "^5.4.3",
     "@serve.zone/remoteingress": "^4.15.3",
     "@tsclass/tsclass": "^9.5.0",
     "@types/qrcode": "^1.5.6",

pnpm-lock.yaml

@@ -81,8 +81,8 @@ importers:
         specifier: ^4.2.3
         version: 4.2.3
       '@push.rocks/smartproxy':
-        specifier: ^27.7.4
-        version: 27.7.4
+        specifier: ^27.8.0
+        version: 27.8.0
       '@push.rocks/smartradius':
         specifier: ^1.1.1
         version: 1.1.1
@@ -108,8 +108,8 @@ importers:
         specifier: ^2.12.4
         version: 2.12.4(@tiptap/pm@2.27.2)
       '@serve.zone/interfaces':
-        specifier: ^5.3.0
-        version: 5.3.0
+        specifier: ^5.4.3
+        version: 5.4.3
       '@serve.zone/remoteingress':
         specifier: ^4.15.3
         version: 4.15.3
@@ -147,9 +147,6 @@ importers:
       '@types/node':
         specifier: ^25.6.0
         version: 25.6.0
-      typescript:
-        specifier: ^6.0.2
-        version: 6.0.2
 
 packages:
 
@@ -1287,8 +1284,8 @@ packages:
   '@push.rocks/smartpromise@4.2.3':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-Ycg/TJR+tMt+S3wSFurOpEoW6nXv12QBtKXgBcjMZ4RsdO28geN46U09osPn9N9WuwQy1PkmTV5J/V4F9U8qEw==}
 
-  '@push.rocks/smartproxy@27.7.4':
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-WY9Jp6Jtqo5WbW29XpATuxzGyLs8LGkAlrycgMN/IdYfvgtEB2HWuztBZCDLFMuD3Qnv4vVdci9s0nF0ZPyJcQ==}
+  '@push.rocks/smartproxy@27.8.0':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-/+rfSAz9hRopuRRBwaI/VVtFTLNemnh9RIf0YAPRhrLCL4WGJXkjnpX4Zi6W1AAPDU2wlz7Zm0F6TO+nXLqP5w==}
 
   '@push.rocks/smartpuppeteer@2.0.5':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-yK/qSeWVHIGWRp3c8S5tfdGP6WCKllZC4DR8d8CQlEjszOSBmHtlTdyyqOMBZ/BA4kd+eU5f3A1r4K2tGYty1g==}
@@ -1594,8 +1591,8 @@ packages:
   '@serve.zone/catalog@2.12.4':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-GRfJZ0yQxChUy7Gp4mxhuN5y4GXZMOEk0W7rJiyZbezA938q+pFTplb9ahSaEHjiUht1MmTu/5WtoJFwgAP8SQ==}
 
-  '@serve.zone/interfaces@5.3.0':
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-venO7wtDR9ixzD9NhdERBGjNKbFA5LL0yHw4eqGh0UpmvtXVc3SFG0uuHDilOKMZqZ8bttV88qVsFy1aSTJrtA==}
+  '@serve.zone/interfaces@5.4.3':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-9ijFhHoC7GYyyAUJbBoDYmcoCmIXTFPiD6fI3x68SWiC0xA+2LG0nOe14D32c1QN9X/3i2Ac5/1sUibfjHsIGg==}
 
   '@serve.zone/remoteingress@4.15.3':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-kg/bmR+qcFRFuigTDr5Fao72cb7m/mSkI5APm7KZDKSUYTFuytNoj6KCIE0ICkc3Nh34y8oDwFJsS6oFo64AyQ==}
@@ -6515,7 +6512,7 @@ snapshots:
 
   '@push.rocks/smartpromise@4.2.3': {}
 
-  '@push.rocks/smartproxy@27.7.4':
+  '@push.rocks/smartproxy@27.8.0':
     dependencies:
       '@push.rocks/smartcrypto': 2.0.4
       '@push.rocks/smartlog': 3.2.2
@@ -6930,7 +6927,7 @@ snapshots:
       - supports-color
       - vue
 
-  '@serve.zone/interfaces@5.3.0':
+  '@serve.zone/interfaces@5.4.3':
     dependencies:
       '@api.global/typedrequest-interfaces': 3.0.19
       '@push.rocks/smartlog-interfaces': 3.0.2

test/test.email-ops-api.ts

@@ -101,7 +101,13 @@ tap.test('should login as admin for email API tests', async () => {
     password: 'admin',
   });
 
-  adminIdentity = response.identity;
+  const responseIdentity = response.identity;
+  expect(responseIdentity).toBeDefined();
+  if (!responseIdentity) {
+    throw new Error('Expected admin login response to include identity');
+  }
+
+  adminIdentity = responseIdentity;
   expect(adminIdentity.jwt).toBeTruthy();
 });
 

test/test.errors.ts

@@ -103,6 +103,9 @@ tap.test('ErrorHandler should properly handle and format errors', async () => {
     }, 'TEST_EXECUTION_ERROR', { operation: 'testExecution' });
   } catch (error) {
     expect(error).toBeInstanceOf(PlatformError);
+    if (!(error instanceof PlatformError)) {
+      throw error;
+    }
     expect(error.code).toEqual('TEST_EXECUTION_ERROR');
     expect(error.context.operation).toEqual('testExecution');
   }
@@ -197,6 +200,9 @@ tap.test('Error retry utilities should work correctly', async () => {
       }
     );
   } catch (error) {
+    if (!(error instanceof Error)) {
+      throw error;
+    }
     expect(error.message).toEqual('Critical error');
     expect(attempts).toEqual(1); // Should only attempt once
   }
@@ -262,6 +268,9 @@ tap.test('Error handling can be combined with retry for robust operations', asyn
     // Should not reach here
     expect(false).toEqual(true);
   } catch (error) {
+    if (!(error instanceof Error)) {
+      throw error;
+    }
     expect(error.message).toContain('Flaky failure');
     expect(flaky.counter).toEqual(3); // Initial + 2 retries = 3 attempts
   }

test/test.jwt-auth.ts

@@ -27,16 +27,20 @@ tap.test('should login with admin credentials and receive JWT', async () => {
     username: 'admin',
     password: 'admin'
   });
-  
+
   expect(response).toHaveProperty('identity');
-  expect(response.identity).toHaveProperty('jwt');
-  expect(response.identity).toHaveProperty('userId');
-  expect(response.identity).toHaveProperty('name');
-  expect(response.identity).toHaveProperty('expiresAt');
-  expect(response.identity).toHaveProperty('role');
-  expect(response.identity.role).toEqual('admin');
-  
-  identity = response.identity;
+  const responseIdentity = response.identity;
+  if (!responseIdentity) {
+    throw new Error('Expected admin login response to include identity');
+  }
+  expect(responseIdentity).toHaveProperty('jwt');
+  expect(responseIdentity).toHaveProperty('userId');
+  expect(responseIdentity).toHaveProperty('name');
+  expect(responseIdentity).toHaveProperty('expiresAt');
+  expect(responseIdentity).toHaveProperty('role');
+  expect(responseIdentity.role).toEqual('admin');
+
+  identity = responseIdentity;
   console.log('JWT:', identity.jwt);
 });
 
@@ -53,7 +57,11 @@ tap.test('should verify valid JWT identity', async () => {
   expect(response).toHaveProperty('valid');
   expect(response.valid).toBeTrue();
   expect(response).toHaveProperty('identity');
-  expect(response.identity.userId).toEqual(identity.userId);
+  const responseIdentity = response.identity;
+  if (!responseIdentity) {
+    throw new Error('Expected verify response to include identity');
+  }
+  expect(responseIdentity.userId).toEqual(identity.userId);
 });
 
 tap.test('should reject invalid JWT', async () => {
@@ -86,8 +94,12 @@ tap.test('should verify JWT matches identity data', async () => {
   
   expect(response).toHaveProperty('valid');
   expect(response.valid).toBeTrue();
-  expect(response.identity.expiresAt).toEqual(identity.expiresAt);
-  expect(response.identity.userId).toEqual(identity.userId);
+  const responseIdentity = response.identity;
+  if (!responseIdentity) {
+    throw new Error('Expected verify response to include identity');
+  }
+  expect(responseIdentity.expiresAt).toEqual(identity.expiresAt);
+  expect(responseIdentity.userId).toEqual(identity.userId);
 });
 
 tap.test('should handle logout', async () => {
@@ -129,4 +141,4 @@ tap.test('should stop DCRouter', async () => {
   await testDcRouter.stop();
 });
 
-export default tap.start();
+export default tap.start();

test/test.metricsmanager.route-keys.node.ts

@@ -18,6 +18,9 @@ function createProxyMetrics(args: {
   connectionsByRoute: Map<string, number>;
   throughputByRoute: Map<string, { in: number; out: number }>;
   domainRequestsByIP: Map<string, Map<string, number>>;
+  domainRequestRates?: Map<string, { perSecond: number; lastMinute: number }>;
+  backendMetrics?: Map<string, any>;
+  protocolCache?: any[];
   requestsTotal?: number;
 }) {
   return {
@@ -45,6 +48,7 @@ function createProxyMetrics(args: {
       perSecond: () => 0,
       perMinute: () => 0,
       total: () => args.requestsTotal || 0,
+      byDomain: () => args.domainRequestRates || new Map<string, { perSecond: number; lastMinute: number }>(),
     },
     totals: {
       bytesIn: () => 0,
@@ -52,10 +56,10 @@ function createProxyMetrics(args: {
       connections: () => 0,
     },
     backends: {
-      byBackend: () => new Map<string, any>(),
+      byBackend: () => args.backendMetrics || new Map<string, any>(),
       protocols: () => new Map<string, string>(),
       topByErrors: () => [],
-      detectedProtocols: () => [],
+      detectedProtocols: () => args.protocolCache || [],
     },
   };
 }
@@ -117,4 +121,122 @@ tap.test('MetricsManager joins domain activity to id-keyed route metrics', async
   expect(beta!.bytesOutPerSecond).toEqual(600);
 });
 
+tap.test('MetricsManager prefers live domain request rates for current activity', async () => {
+  const proxyMetrics = createProxyMetrics({
+    connectionsByRoute: new Map([
+      ['route-id-only', 10],
+    ]),
+    throughputByRoute: new Map([
+      ['route-id-only', { in: 1000, out: 1000 }],
+    ]),
+    domainRequestsByIP: new Map([
+      ['192.0.2.10', new Map([
+        ['alpha.example.com', 1000],
+        ['beta.example.com', 1],
+      ])],
+    ]),
+    domainRequestRates: new Map([
+      ['alpha.example.com', { perSecond: 0, lastMinute: 0 }],
+      ['beta.example.com', { perSecond: 5, lastMinute: 60 }],
+    ]),
+  });
+
+  const smartProxy = {
+    getMetrics: () => proxyMetrics,
+    routeManager: {
+      getRoutes: () => [
+        {
+          id: 'route-id-only',
+          match: {
+            ports: [443],
+            domains: ['alpha.example.com', 'beta.example.com'],
+          },
+          action: {
+            type: 'forward',
+            targets: [{ host: '127.0.0.1', port: 8443 }],
+          },
+        },
+      ],
+    },
+  };
+
+  const manager = new MetricsManager({ smartProxy } as any);
+  const stats = await manager.getNetworkStats();
+  const alpha = stats.domainActivity.find((item) => item.domain === 'alpha.example.com');
+  const beta = stats.domainActivity.find((item) => item.domain === 'beta.example.com');
+
+  expect(alpha!.activeConnections).toEqual(0);
+  expect(alpha!.requestsPerSecond).toEqual(0);
+  expect(beta!.activeConnections).toEqual(10);
+  expect(beta!.requestsPerSecond).toEqual(5);
+  expect(beta!.bytesInPerSecond).toEqual(1000);
+});
+
+tap.test('MetricsManager does not duplicate backend active counts onto protocol cache rows', async () => {
+  const proxyMetrics = createProxyMetrics({
+    connectionsByRoute: new Map(),
+    throughputByRoute: new Map(),
+    domainRequestsByIP: new Map(),
+    backendMetrics: new Map([
+      ['192.0.2.1:443', {
+        protocol: 'h2',
+        activeConnections: 257,
+        totalConnections: 1000,
+        connectErrors: 1,
+        handshakeErrors: 2,
+        requestErrors: 3,
+        avgConnectTimeMs: 4,
+        poolHitRate: 0.9,
+        h2Failures: 5,
+      }],
+    ]),
+    protocolCache: [
+      {
+        host: '192.0.2.1',
+        port: 443,
+        domain: 'alpha.example.com',
+        protocol: 'h2',
+        h2Suppressed: false,
+        h3Suppressed: false,
+        h2CooldownRemainingSecs: null,
+        h3CooldownRemainingSecs: null,
+        h2ConsecutiveFailures: null,
+        h3ConsecutiveFailures: null,
+        h3Port: null,
+        ageSecs: 1,
+      },
+      {
+        host: '192.0.2.1',
+        port: 443,
+        domain: 'beta.example.com',
+        protocol: 'h2',
+        h2Suppressed: false,
+        h3Suppressed: false,
+        h2CooldownRemainingSecs: null,
+        h3CooldownRemainingSecs: null,
+        h2ConsecutiveFailures: null,
+        h3ConsecutiveFailures: null,
+        h3Port: null,
+        ageSecs: 1,
+      },
+    ],
+  });
+
+  const smartProxy = {
+    getMetrics: () => proxyMetrics,
+    routeManager: {
+      getRoutes: () => [],
+    },
+  };
+
+  const manager = new MetricsManager({ smartProxy } as any);
+  const stats = await manager.getNetworkStats();
+  const aggregate = stats.backends.find((item) => item.id === 'backend:192.0.2.1:443');
+  const cacheRows = stats.backends.filter((item) => item.id?.startsWith('cache:'));
+
+  expect(aggregate!.activeConnections).toEqual(257);
+  expect(cacheRows.length).toEqual(2);
+  expect(cacheRows.every((item) => item.activeConnections === 0)).toBeTrue();
+});
+
 export default tap.start();

test/test.opsserver-api.ts

@@ -29,7 +29,11 @@ tap.test('should login as admin', async () => {
   });
 
   expect(response).toHaveProperty('identity');
-  adminIdentity = response.identity;
+  const responseIdentity = response.identity;
+  if (!responseIdentity) {
+    throw new Error('Expected admin login response to include identity');
+  }
+  adminIdentity = responseIdentity;
 });
 
 tap.test('should respond to health status request', async () => {

test/test.protected-endpoint.ts

@@ -29,7 +29,11 @@ tap.test('should login as admin', async () => {
   });
 
   expect(response).toHaveProperty('identity');
-  adminIdentity = response.identity;
+  const responseIdentity = response.identity;
+  if (!responseIdentity) {
+    throw new Error('Expected admin login response to include identity');
+  }
+  adminIdentity = responseIdentity;
   console.log('Admin logged in with JWT');
 });
 

test/test.source-profiles-api.ts

@@ -35,7 +35,11 @@ tap.test('should login as admin', async () => {
   });
 
   expect(response).toHaveProperty('identity');
-  adminIdentity = response.identity;
+  const responseIdentity = response.identity;
+  if (!responseIdentity) {
+    throw new Error('Expected admin login response to include identity');
+  }
+  adminIdentity = responseIdentity;
 });
 
 // ============================================================================

test/test.vpn-runtime.node.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+import { expect, tap } from '@git.zone/tstest/tapbundle';
+import { DcRouter } from '../ts/classes.dcrouter.js';
+import { VpnManager } from '../ts/vpn/classes.vpn-manager.js';
+
+tap.test('VpnManager downgrades back to socket mode when no host-IP clients remain', async () => {
+  const manager = new VpnManager({ forwardingMode: 'socket' });
+
+  let stopCalls = 0;
+  let startCalls = 0;
+
+  (manager as any).vpnServer = { running: true };
+  (manager as any).resolvedForwardingMode = 'hybrid';
+  (manager as any).clients = new Map([
+    ['client-1', { useHostIp: false }],
+  ]);
+  (manager as any).stop = async () => {
+    stopCalls++;
+  };
+  (manager as any).start = async () => {
+    startCalls++;
+    (manager as any).resolvedForwardingMode = (manager as any).forwardingModeOverride ?? 'socket';
+    (manager as any).forwardingModeOverride = undefined;
+    (manager as any).vpnServer = { running: true };
+  };
+
+  const restarted = await (manager as any).reconcileForwardingMode();
+
+  expect(restarted).toEqual(true);
+  expect(stopCalls).toEqual(1);
+  expect(startCalls).toEqual(1);
+  expect((manager as any).resolvedForwardingMode).toEqual('socket');
+});
+
+tap.test('VpnManager keeps explicit hybrid mode even without host-IP clients', async () => {
+  const manager = new VpnManager({ forwardingMode: 'hybrid' });
+
+  let stopCalls = 0;
+  let startCalls = 0;
+
+  (manager as any).vpnServer = { running: true };
+  (manager as any).resolvedForwardingMode = 'hybrid';
+  (manager as any).clients = new Map([
+    ['client-1', { useHostIp: false }],
+  ]);
+  (manager as any).stop = async () => {
+    stopCalls++;
+  };
+  (manager as any).start = async () => {
+    startCalls++;
+  };
+
+  const restarted = await (manager as any).reconcileForwardingMode();
+
+  expect(restarted).toEqual(false);
+  expect(stopCalls).toEqual(0);
+  expect(startCalls).toEqual(0);
+  expect((manager as any).resolvedForwardingMode).toEqual('hybrid');
+});
+
+tap.test('DcRouter.updateVpnConfig swaps the runtime VPN resolver and restarts VPN services', async () => {
+  const dcRouter = new DcRouter({
+    smartProxyConfig: { routes: [] },
+    dbConfig: { enabled: false },
+    vpnConfig: { enabled: false },
+  });
+
+  let stopCalls = 0;
+  let setupCalls = 0;
+  let applyCalls = 0;
+  const resolverValues: Array<unknown> = [];
+
+  dcRouter.vpnManager = {
+    stop: async () => {
+      stopCalls++;
+    },
+  } as any;
+  (dcRouter as any).routeConfigManager = {
+    setVpnClientIpsResolver: (resolver: unknown) => {
+      resolverValues.push(resolver);
+    },
+    applyRoutes: async () => {
+      applyCalls++;
+    },
+  };
+  (dcRouter as any).setupVpnServer = async () => {
+    setupCalls++;
+    dcRouter.vpnManager = {
+      stop: async () => {
+        stopCalls++;
+      },
+    } as any;
+  };
+
+  await dcRouter.updateVpnConfig({ enabled: true, subnet: '10.9.0.0/24' });
+
+  expect(stopCalls).toEqual(1);
+  expect(setupCalls).toEqual(1);
+  expect(applyCalls).toEqual(0);
+  expect(typeof resolverValues.at(-1)).toEqual('function');
+
+  await dcRouter.updateVpnConfig({ enabled: false });
+
+  expect(stopCalls).toEqual(2);
+  expect(setupCalls).toEqual(1);
+  expect(applyCalls).toEqual(1);
+  expect(resolverValues.at(-1)).toBeUndefined();
+  expect(dcRouter.vpnManager).toBeUndefined();
+});
+
+export default tap.start()

ts/00_commitinfo_data.ts

@@ -3,6 +3,6 @@
  */
 export const commitinfo = {
   name: '@serve.zone/dcrouter',
-  version: '13.20.1',
+  version: '13.21.0',
   description: 'A multifaceted routing service handling mail and SMS delivery functions.'
 }

ts/classes.dcrouter.ts

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ import { RadiusServer, type IRadiusServerConfig } from './radius/index.js';
 import { RemoteIngressManager, TunnelManager } from './remoteingress/index.js';
 import { VpnManager, type IVpnManagerConfig } from './vpn/index.js';
 import { RouteConfigManager, ApiTokenManager, ReferenceResolver, DbSeeder, TargetProfileManager } from './config/index.js';
+import type { TIpAllowEntry } from './config/classes.route-config-manager.js';
 import { SecurityLogger, ContentScanner, IPReputationChecker } from './security/index.js';
 import { type IHttp3Config, augmentRoutesWithHttp3 } from './http3/index.js';
 import { DnsManager } from './dns/manager.dns.js';
@@ -565,20 +566,7 @@ export class DcRouter {
             this.routeConfigManager = new RouteConfigManager(
               () => this.smartProxy,
               () => this.options.http3,
-              this.options.vpnConfig?.enabled
-                ? (route: import('../ts_interfaces/data/remoteingress.js').IDcRouterRouteConfig, routeId?: string) => {
-                    if (!this.vpnManager || !this.targetProfileManager) {
-                      // VPN not ready yet — deny all until re-apply after VPN starts
-                      return [];
-                    }
-                    return this.targetProfileManager.getMatchingClientIps(
-                      route,
-                      routeId,
-                      this.vpnManager.listClients(),
-                      this.routeConfigManager?.getRoutes() || new Map(),
-                    );
-                  }
-                : undefined,
+              this.createVpnRouteAllowListResolver(),
               this.referenceResolver,
               // Sync routes to RemoteIngressManager whenever routes change,
               // then push updated derived ports to the Rust hub binary
@@ -2292,6 +2280,32 @@ export class DcRouter {
   /**
    * Set up VPN server for VPN-based route access control.
    */
+  private createVpnRouteAllowListResolver(): ((
+    route: import('../ts_interfaces/data/remoteingress.js').IDcRouterRouteConfig,
+    routeId?: string,
+  ) => TIpAllowEntry[]) | undefined {
+    if (!this.options.vpnConfig?.enabled) {
+      return undefined;
+    }
+
+    return (
+      route: import('../ts_interfaces/data/remoteingress.js').IDcRouterRouteConfig,
+      routeId?: string,
+    ) => {
+      if (!this.vpnManager || !this.targetProfileManager) {
+        // VPN not ready yet — deny all until re-apply after VPN starts.
+        return [];
+      }
+
+      return this.targetProfileManager.getMatchingClientIps(
+        route,
+        routeId,
+        this.vpnManager.listClients(),
+        this.routeConfigManager?.getRoutes() || new Map(),
+      );
+    };
+  }
+
   private async setupVpnServer(): Promise<void> {
     if (!this.options.vpnConfig?.enabled) {
       return;
@@ -2441,6 +2455,29 @@ export class DcRouter {
 
     logger.log('info', 'RADIUS configuration updated');
   }
+
+  /**
+   * Update VPN configuration at runtime.
+   */
+  public async updateVpnConfig(config: IDcRouterOptions['vpnConfig']): Promise<void> {
+    if (this.vpnManager) {
+      await this.vpnManager.stop();
+      this.vpnManager = undefined;
+    }
+
+    this.options.vpnConfig = config;
+    this.vpnDomainIpCache.clear();
+    this.warnedWildcardVpnDomains.clear();
+    this.routeConfigManager?.setVpnClientIpsResolver(this.createVpnRouteAllowListResolver());
+
+    if (this.options.vpnConfig?.enabled) {
+      await this.setupVpnServer();
+    } else {
+      await this.routeConfigManager?.applyRoutes();
+    }
+
+    logger.log('info', 'VPN configuration updated');
+  }
 }
 
 // Re-export email server types for convenience

ts/config/classes.route-config-manager.ts

@@ -73,6 +73,12 @@ export class RouteConfigManager {
     return this.routes.get(id);
   }
 
+  public setVpnClientIpsResolver(
+    resolver?: (route: IDcRouterRouteConfig, routeId?: string) => TIpAllowEntry[],
+  ): void {
+    this.getVpnClientIpsForRoute = resolver;
+  }
+
   /**
    * Load persisted routes, seed serializable config/email/dns routes,
    * compute warnings, and apply the combined DB-backed + runtime route set to SmartProxy.

ts/monitoring/classes.metricsmanager.ts

@@ -560,7 +560,9 @@ export class MetricsManager {
           requestsPerSecond: 0,
           requestsTotal: 0,
           backends: [] as Array<any>,
-          domainActivity: [] as Array<{ domain: string; bytesInPerSecond: number; bytesOutPerSecond: number; activeConnections: number; routeCount: number; requestCount: number }>,
+          domainActivity: [] as Array<{ domain: string; bytesInPerSecond: number; bytesOutPerSecond: number; activeConnections: number; routeCount: number; requestCount: number; requestsPerSecond?: number; requestsLastMinute?: number }>,
+          frontendProtocols: null,
+          backendProtocols: null,
         };
       }
 
@@ -592,6 +594,7 @@ export class MetricsManager {
       // Get HTTP request rates
       const requestsPerSecond = proxyMetrics.requests.perSecond();
       const requestsTotal = proxyMetrics.requests.total();
+      const domainRequestRates = proxyMetrics.requests.byDomain();
 
       // Get frontend/backend protocol distribution
       const frontendProtocols = proxyMetrics.connections.frontendProtocols() ?? null;
@@ -619,47 +622,48 @@ export class MetricsManager {
       const seenCacheKeys = new Set<string>();
 
       for (const [key, bm] of backendMetrics) {
+        backends.push({
+          id: `backend:${key}`,
+          backend: key,
+          domain: null,
+          protocol: bm.protocol,
+          activeConnections: bm.activeConnections,
+          totalConnections: bm.totalConnections,
+          connectErrors: bm.connectErrors,
+          handshakeErrors: bm.handshakeErrors,
+          requestErrors: bm.requestErrors,
+          avgConnectTimeMs: Math.round(bm.avgConnectTimeMs * 10) / 10,
+          poolHitRate: Math.round(bm.poolHitRate * 1000) / 1000,
+          h2Failures: bm.h2Failures,
+          h2Suppressed: false,
+          h3Suppressed: false,
+          h2CooldownRemainingSecs: null,
+          h3CooldownRemainingSecs: null,
+          h2ConsecutiveFailures: null,
+          h3ConsecutiveFailures: null,
+          h3Port: null,
+          cacheAgeSecs: null,
+        });
+
         const cacheEntries = cacheByBackend.get(key);
-        if (!cacheEntries || cacheEntries.length === 0) {
-          // No protocol cache entry — emit one row with backend metrics only
-          backends.push({
-            backend: key,
-            domain: null,
-            protocol: bm.protocol,
-            activeConnections: bm.activeConnections,
-            totalConnections: bm.totalConnections,
-            connectErrors: bm.connectErrors,
-            handshakeErrors: bm.handshakeErrors,
-            requestErrors: bm.requestErrors,
-            avgConnectTimeMs: Math.round(bm.avgConnectTimeMs * 10) / 10,
-            poolHitRate: Math.round(bm.poolHitRate * 1000) / 1000,
-            h2Failures: bm.h2Failures,
-            h2Suppressed: false,
-            h3Suppressed: false,
-            h2CooldownRemainingSecs: null,
-            h3CooldownRemainingSecs: null,
-            h2ConsecutiveFailures: null,
-            h3ConsecutiveFailures: null,
-            h3Port: null,
-            cacheAgeSecs: null,
-          });
-        } else {
-          // One row per domain, each enriched with the shared backend metrics
+        if (cacheEntries && cacheEntries.length > 0) {
+          // Protocol cache rows are domain-scoped metadata, not live backend connections.
           for (const cache of cacheEntries) {
             const compositeKey = `${cache.host}:${cache.port}:${cache.domain ?? ''}`;
             seenCacheKeys.add(compositeKey);
             backends.push({
+              id: `cache:${compositeKey}`,
               backend: key,
               domain: cache.domain ?? null,
               protocol: cache.protocol ?? bm.protocol,
-              activeConnections: bm.activeConnections,
-              totalConnections: bm.totalConnections,
-              connectErrors: bm.connectErrors,
-              handshakeErrors: bm.handshakeErrors,
-              requestErrors: bm.requestErrors,
-              avgConnectTimeMs: Math.round(bm.avgConnectTimeMs * 10) / 10,
-              poolHitRate: Math.round(bm.poolHitRate * 1000) / 1000,
-              h2Failures: bm.h2Failures,
+              activeConnections: 0,
+              totalConnections: 0,
+              connectErrors: 0,
+              handshakeErrors: 0,
+              requestErrors: 0,
+              avgConnectTimeMs: 0,
+              poolHitRate: 0,
+              h2Failures: 0,
               h2Suppressed: cache.h2Suppressed,
               h3Suppressed: cache.h3Suppressed,
               h2CooldownRemainingSecs: cache.h2CooldownRemainingSecs,
@@ -678,6 +682,7 @@ export class MetricsManager {
         const compositeKey = `${entry.host}:${entry.port}:${entry.domain ?? ''}`;
         if (!seenCacheKeys.has(compositeKey)) {
           backends.push({
+            id: `cache:${compositeKey}`,
             backend: `${entry.host}:${entry.port}`,
             domain: entry.domain,
             protocol: entry.protocol,
@@ -750,6 +755,9 @@ export class MetricsManager {
 
       // Resolve wildcards using domains seen in request metrics
       const allKnownDomains = new Set<string>(domainRequestTotals.keys());
+      for (const domain of domainRequestRates.keys()) {
+        allKnownDomains.add(domain);
+      }
       for (const entry of protocolCache) {
         if (entry.domain) allKnownDomains.add(entry.domain);
       }
@@ -775,11 +783,20 @@ export class MetricsManager {
         }
       }
 
-      // For each route, compute the total request count across all its resolved domains
-      // so we can distribute throughput/connections proportionally
+      const hasLiveDomainRates = domainRequestRates.size > 0;
+      const getDomainWeight = (domain: string): number => {
+        const liveRate = domainRequestRates.get(domain);
+        return hasLiveDomainRates
+          ? (liveRate?.lastMinute ?? 0)
+          : (domainRequestTotals.get(domain) || 0);
+      };
+
+      // For each route, compute the total activity weight across all resolved domains
+      // so we can distribute route-level throughput/connections. Prefer live domain
+      // request rates from SmartProxy 27.8+, falling back to lifetime counters.
       const routeTotalRequests = new Map<string, number>();
       for (const [domain, routeKeys] of domainToRoutes) {
-        const reqs = domainRequestTotals.get(domain) || 0;
+        const reqs = getDomainWeight(domain);
         for (const routeKey of routeKeys) {
           routeTotalRequests.set(routeKey, (routeTotalRequests.get(routeKey) || 0) + reqs);
         }
@@ -792,10 +809,13 @@ export class MetricsManager {
         bytesOutPerSec: number;
         routeCount: number;
         requestCount: number;
+        requestsPerSecond: number;
+        requestsLastMinute: number;
       }>();
 
       for (const [domain, routeKeys] of domainToRoutes) {
-        const domainReqs = domainRequestTotals.get(domain) || 0;
+        const domainReqs = getDomainWeight(domain);
+        const requestRate = domainRequestRates.get(domain);
         let totalConns = 0;
         let totalIn = 0;
         let totalOut = 0;
@@ -816,7 +836,9 @@ export class MetricsManager {
           bytesInPerSec: totalIn,
           bytesOutPerSec: totalOut,
           routeCount: routeKeys.length,
-          requestCount: domainReqs,
+          requestCount: domainRequestTotals.get(domain) || 0,
+          requestsPerSecond: requestRate?.perSecond ?? 0,
+          requestsLastMinute: requestRate?.lastMinute ?? 0,
         });
       }
 
@@ -828,8 +850,17 @@ export class MetricsManager {
           activeConnections: data.activeConnections,
           routeCount: data.routeCount,
           requestCount: data.requestCount,
+          requestsPerSecond: data.requestsPerSecond,
+          requestsLastMinute: data.requestsLastMinute,
         }))
-        .sort((a, b) => (b.bytesInPerSecond + b.bytesOutPerSecond) - (a.bytesInPerSecond + a.bytesOutPerSecond));
+        .sort((a, b) => {
+          if (hasLiveDomainRates) {
+            return (b.requestsPerSecond - a.requestsPerSecond) ||
+              (b.requestsLastMinute - a.requestsLastMinute) ||
+              ((b.bytesInPerSecond + b.bytesOutPerSecond) - (a.bytesInPerSecond + a.bytesOutPerSecond));
+          }
+          return (b.bytesInPerSecond + b.bytesOutPerSecond) - (a.bytesInPerSecond + a.bytesOutPerSecond);
+        });
 
       return {
         connectionsByIP,

ts/opsserver/handlers/security.handler.ts

@@ -50,19 +50,21 @@ export class SecurityHandler {
             localAddress: conn.destination.ip,
             startTime: conn.startTime,
             protocol: conn.type === 'http' ? 'https' : conn.type as any,
-            state: conn.status as any,
+            state: conn.status === 'active' ? 'connected' : conn.status as any,
             bytesReceived: (conn as any)._throughputIn || 0,
             bytesSent: (conn as any)._throughputOut || 0,
+            connectionCount: conn.bytesTransferred || 1,
           }));
+          const totalConnections = connectionInfos.reduce((sum, conn) => sum + (conn.connectionCount || 1), 0);
           
           const summary = {
-            total: connectionInfos.length,
+            total: totalConnections,
             byProtocol: connectionInfos.reduce((acc, conn) => {
-              acc[conn.protocol] = (acc[conn.protocol] || 0) + 1;
+              acc[conn.protocol] = (acc[conn.protocol] || 0) + (conn.connectionCount || 1);
               return acc;
             }, {} as { [protocol: string]: number }),
             byState: connectionInfos.reduce((acc, conn) => {
-              acc[conn.state] = (acc[conn.state] || 0) + 1;
+              acc[conn.state] = (acc[conn.state] || 0) + (conn.connectionCount || 1);
               return acc;
             }, {} as { [state: string]: number }),
           };
@@ -104,6 +106,8 @@ export class SecurityHandler {
               requestsPerSecond: networkStats.requestsPerSecond || 0,
               requestsTotal: networkStats.requestsTotal || 0,
               backends: networkStats.backends || [],
+              frontendProtocols: networkStats.frontendProtocols || null,
+              backendProtocols: networkStats.backendProtocols || null,
             };
           }
 
@@ -120,6 +124,8 @@ export class SecurityHandler {
             requestsPerSecond: 0,
             requestsTotal: 0,
             backends: [],
+            frontendProtocols: null,
+            backendProtocols: null,
           };
         }
       )
@@ -335,4 +341,4 @@ export class SecurityHandler {
       limits: [],
     };
   }
-}
+}

ts/opsserver/handlers/stats.handler.ts

@@ -302,6 +302,7 @@ export class StatsHandler {
                     startTime: 0,
                     bytesIn: tp?.in || 0,
                     bytesOut: tp?.out || 0,
+                    connectionCount: count,
                   });
                 }
 

ts/vpn/classes.vpn-manager.ts

@@ -112,14 +112,11 @@ export class VpnManager {
     const subnet = this.getSubnet();
     const wgListenPort = this.config.wgListenPort ?? 51820;
 
-    // Auto-detect hybrid mode: if any persisted client uses host IP and mode is
-    // 'socket' (or unset), upgrade to 'hybrid' so the daemon can handle both
-    let configuredMode = this.forwardingModeOverride ?? this.config.forwardingMode ?? 'socket';
-    if (anyClientUsesHostIp && configuredMode === 'socket') {
-      configuredMode = 'hybrid';
+    const desiredForwardingMode = this.getDesiredForwardingMode(anyClientUsesHostIp);
+    if (anyClientUsesHostIp && desiredForwardingMode === 'hybrid') {
       logger.log('info', 'VPN: Auto-upgrading forwarding mode to hybrid (client with useHostIp detected)');
     }
-    const forwardingMode = configuredMode === 'hybrid' ? 'hybrid' : configuredMode;
+    const forwardingMode = desiredForwardingMode;
     const isBridge = forwardingMode === 'bridge';
     this.resolvedForwardingMode = forwardingMode;
     this.forwardingModeOverride = undefined;
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ export class VpnManager {
       throw new Error('VPN server not running');
     }
 
-    await this.ensureForwardingModeForHostIpClient(opts.useHostIp === true);
+    await this.ensureForwardingModeForNextClient(opts.useHostIp === true);
 
     const doc = new VpnClientDoc();
     doc.clientId = opts.clientId;
@@ -298,6 +295,7 @@ export class VpnManager {
     if (doc) {
       await doc.delete();
     }
+    await this.reconcileForwardingMode();
     this.config.onClientChanged?.();
   }
 
@@ -368,8 +366,10 @@ export class VpnManager {
     await this.persistClient(client);
 
     if (this.vpnServer) {
-      await this.ensureForwardingModeForHostIpClient(client.useHostIp === true);
-      await this.vpnServer.updateClient(clientId, this.buildClientRuntimeUpdate(client));
+      const restarted = await this.reconcileForwardingMode();
+      if (!restarted) {
+        await this.vpnServer.updateClient(clientId, this.buildClientRuntimeUpdate(client));
+      }
     }
 
     this.config.onClientChanged?.();
@@ -563,6 +563,28 @@ export class VpnManager {
       ?? 'socket';
   }
 
+  private hasHostIpClients(extraHostIpClient = false): boolean {
+    if (extraHostIpClient) {
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    for (const client of this.clients.values()) {
+      if (client.useHostIp) {
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  private getDesiredForwardingMode(hasHostIpClients = this.hasHostIpClients()): 'socket' | 'bridge' | 'hybrid' {
+    const configuredMode = this.forwardingModeOverride ?? this.config.forwardingMode ?? 'socket';
+    if (configuredMode !== 'socket') {
+      return configuredMode;
+    }
+    return hasHostIpClients ? 'hybrid' : 'socket';
+  }
+
   private getDefaultDestinationPolicy(
     forwardingMode: 'socket' | 'bridge' | 'hybrid',
     useHostIp = false,
@@ -633,16 +655,45 @@ export class VpnManager {
     };
   }
 
-  private async ensureForwardingModeForHostIpClient(useHostIp: boolean): Promise<void> {
-    if (!useHostIp || !this.vpnServer) return;
-    if (this.getResolvedForwardingMode() !== 'socket') return;
-
-    logger.log('info', 'VPN: Restarting server in hybrid mode to support a host-IP client');
-    this.forwardingModeOverride = 'hybrid';
+  private async restartWithForwardingMode(
+    forwardingMode: 'socket' | 'bridge' | 'hybrid',
+    reason: string,
+  ): Promise<void> {
+    logger.log('info', `VPN: Restarting server in ${forwardingMode} mode ${reason}`);
+    this.forwardingModeOverride = forwardingMode;
     await this.stop();
     await this.start();
   }
 
+  private async ensureForwardingModeForNextClient(useHostIp: boolean): Promise<void> {
+    if (!this.vpnServer) return;
+
+    const desiredForwardingMode = this.getDesiredForwardingMode(this.hasHostIpClients(useHostIp));
+    if (desiredForwardingMode === this.getResolvedForwardingMode()) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    await this.restartWithForwardingMode(desiredForwardingMode, 'to support a host-IP client');
+  }
+
+  private async reconcileForwardingMode(): Promise<boolean> {
+    if (!this.vpnServer) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    const desiredForwardingMode = this.getDesiredForwardingMode();
+    const currentForwardingMode = this.getResolvedForwardingMode();
+    if (desiredForwardingMode === currentForwardingMode) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    const reason = desiredForwardingMode === 'socket'
+      ? 'because no host-IP clients remain'
+      : 'to support host-IP clients';
+    await this.restartWithForwardingMode(desiredForwardingMode, reason);
+    return true;
+  }
+
   private async persistClient(client: VpnClientDoc): Promise<void> {
     await client.save();
   }

ts_interfaces/data/stats.ts

@@ -119,6 +119,8 @@ export interface IConnectionInfo {
   state: 'connecting' | 'connected' | 'authenticated' | 'transmitting' | 'closing';
   bytesReceived: number;
   bytesSent: number;
+  /** Present when the row is an aggregate, e.g. one row per remote IP. */
+  connectionCount?: number;
 }
 
 export interface IQueueStatus {
@@ -149,7 +151,12 @@ export interface IDomainActivity {
   bytesOutPerSecond: number;
   activeConnections: number;
   routeCount: number;
+  /** Lifetime request count when available from SmartProxy. */
   requestCount: number;
+  /** Live HTTP request rate when SmartProxy exposes per-domain rates. */
+  requestsPerSecond?: number;
+  /** HTTP requests over the last minute when SmartProxy exposes per-domain rates. */
+  requestsLastMinute?: number;
 }
 
 export interface INetworkMetrics {
@@ -208,9 +215,12 @@ export interface IConnectionDetails {
   startTime: number;
   bytesIn: number;
   bytesOut: number;
+  /** Present when the row is an aggregate, e.g. one row per remote IP. */
+  connectionCount?: number;
 }
 
 export interface IBackendInfo {
+  id?: string;
   backend: string;
   domain: string | null;
   protocol: string;
@@ -250,4 +260,4 @@ export interface IVpnStats {
   registeredClients: number;
   connectedClients: number;
   wgListenPort: number;
-}
+}

ts_web/00_commitinfo_data.ts

@@ -3,6 +3,6 @@
  */
 export const commitinfo = {
   name: '@serve.zone/dcrouter',
-  version: '13.20.1',
+  version: '13.21.0',
   description: 'A multifaceted routing service handling mail and SMS delivery functions.'
 }

ts_web/appstate.ts

@@ -512,15 +512,6 @@ export const fetchNetworkStatsAction = networkStatePart.createAction(async (stat
   if (!context.identity) return currentState;
 
   try {
-    // Fetch active connections using the existing endpoint
-    const connectionsRequest = new plugins.domtools.plugins.typedrequest.TypedRequest<
-      interfaces.requests.IReq_GetActiveConnections
-    >('/typedrequest', 'getActiveConnections');
-    
-    const connectionsResponse = await connectionsRequest.fire({
-      identity: context.identity,
-    });
-
     // Get network stats for throughput and IP data
     const networkStatsRequest = new plugins.domtools.plugins.typedrequest.TypedRequest<
       interfaces.requests.IReq_GetNetworkStats
@@ -533,22 +524,35 @@ export const fetchNetworkStatsAction = networkStatePart.createAction(async (stat
     // Use the connections data for the connection list
     // and network stats for throughput and IP analytics
     const connectionsByIP: { [ip: string]: number } = {};
+    const throughputByIP = new Map<string, { in: number; out: number }>();
+    for (const item of networkStatsResponse.throughputByIP || []) {
+      throughputByIP.set(item.ip, { in: item.in, out: item.out });
+    }
     
     // Build connectionsByIP from network stats if available
     if (networkStatsResponse.connectionsByIP && Array.isArray(networkStatsResponse.connectionsByIP)) {
       networkStatsResponse.connectionsByIP.forEach((item: { ip: string; count: number }) => {
         connectionsByIP[item.ip] = item.count;
       });
-    } else {
-      // Fallback: calculate from connections
-      connectionsResponse.connections.forEach(conn => {
-        const ip = conn.remoteAddress;
-        connectionsByIP[ip] = (connectionsByIP[ip] || 0) + 1;
-      });
     }
 
+    const connections: interfaces.data.IConnectionInfo[] = Object.entries(connectionsByIP).map(([ip, count]) => {
+      const tp = throughputByIP.get(ip);
+      return {
+        id: `ip-${ip}`,
+        remoteAddress: ip,
+        localAddress: 'server',
+        startTime: 0,
+        protocol: 'https',
+        state: 'connected',
+        bytesReceived: tp?.in || 0,
+        bytesSent: tp?.out || 0,
+        connectionCount: count,
+      };
+    });
+
     return {
-      connections: connectionsResponse.connections,
+      connections,
       connectionsByIP,
       throughputRate: networkStatsResponse.throughputRate || { bytesInPerSecond: 0, bytesOutPerSecond: 0 },
       totalBytes: networkStatsResponse.totalDataTransferred
@@ -2589,7 +2593,7 @@ async function dispatchCombinedRefreshActionInner() {
         email: true,
         dns: true,
         security: true,
-        network: currentView === 'network', // Only fetch network if on network view
+        network: currentView === 'network' && currentSubview === 'activity',
         radius: true,
         vpn: true,
       },
@@ -2617,7 +2621,7 @@ async function dispatchCombinedRefreshActionInner() {
 
       // Build connectionsByIP from connectionDetails (now populated with real per-IP data)
       network.connectionDetails.forEach(conn => {
-        connectionsByIP[conn.remoteAddress] = (connectionsByIP[conn.remoteAddress] || 0) + 1;
+        connectionsByIP[conn.remoteAddress] = (connectionsByIP[conn.remoteAddress] || 0) + (conn.connectionCount || 1);
       });
 
       // Build connections from connectionDetails (real per-IP aggregates)
@@ -2630,6 +2634,7 @@ async function dispatchCombinedRefreshActionInner() {
         state: conn.state as any,
         bytesReceived: conn.bytesIn,
         bytesSent: conn.bytesOut,
+        connectionCount: conn.connectionCount,
       }));
 
       networkStatePart.setState({

ts_web/elements/network/ops-view-network-activity.ts

@@ -79,7 +79,6 @@ export class OpsViewNetworkActivity extends DeesElement {
     // Subscribe and track unsubscribe functions
     const statsUnsubscribe = appstate.statsStatePart.select().subscribe((state) => {
       this.statsState = state;
-      this.updateNetworkData();
     });
     this.rxSubscriptions.push(statsUnsubscribe);
 
@@ -560,6 +559,8 @@ export class OpsViewNetworkActivity extends DeesElement {
             'Throughput Out': this.formatBitsPerSecond(item.bytesOutPerSecond),
             'Transferred / min': this.formatBytes(totalBytesPerMin),
             'Connections': item.activeConnections,
+            'Req/s': item.requestsPerSecond != null ? item.requestsPerSecond.toFixed(1) : '-',
+            'Req/min': item.requestsLastMinute != null ? item.requestsLastMinute.toFixed(0) : '-',
             'Requests': item.requestCount?.toLocaleString() ?? '0',
             'Routes': item.routeCount,
           };
@@ -583,7 +584,7 @@ export class OpsViewNetworkActivity extends DeesElement {
     return html`
       <dees-table
         .data=${backends}
-        .rowKey=${'backend'}
+        .rowKey=${'id'}
         .highlightUpdates=${'flash'}
         .displayFunction=${(item: interfaces.data.IBackendInfo) => {
           const totalErrors = item.connectErrors + item.handshakeErrors + item.requestErrors;
@@ -707,6 +708,9 @@ export class OpsViewNetworkActivity extends DeesElement {
     }
 
     const throughput = this.calculateThroughput();
+    if (this.networkState.lastUpdated && now - this.networkState.lastUpdated > 3000) {
+      return;
+    }
 
     // Convert to Mbps (bytes * 8 / 1,000,000)
     const throughputInMbps = (throughput.in * 8) / 1000000;

ts_web/elements/network/ops-view-vpn.ts

@@ -49,19 +49,28 @@ export class OpsViewVpn extends DeesElement {
   @state()
   accessor vpnState: appstate.IVpnState = appstate.vpnStatePart.getState()!;
 
+  @state()
+  accessor targetProfilesState: appstate.ITargetProfilesState = appstate.targetProfilesStatePart.getState()!;
+
   constructor() {
     super();
     const sub = appstate.vpnStatePart.select().subscribe((newState) => {
       this.vpnState = newState;
     });
     this.rxSubscriptions.push(sub);
+
+    const targetProfilesSub = appstate.targetProfilesStatePart.select().subscribe((newState) => {
+      this.targetProfilesState = newState;
+    });
+    this.rxSubscriptions.push(targetProfilesSub);
   }
 
   async connectedCallback() {
     await super.connectedCallback();
-    await appstate.vpnStatePart.dispatchAction(appstate.fetchVpnAction, null);
-    // Ensure target profiles are loaded for autocomplete candidates
-    await appstate.targetProfilesStatePart.dispatchAction(appstate.fetchTargetProfilesAction, null);
+    await Promise.all([
+      appstate.vpnStatePart.dispatchAction(appstate.fetchVpnAction, null),
+      appstate.targetProfilesStatePart.dispatchAction(appstate.fetchTargetProfilesAction, null),
+    ]);
   }
 
   public static styles = [
@@ -330,13 +339,7 @@ export class OpsViewVpn extends DeesElement {
             'Status': statusHtml,
             'Routing': routingHtml,
             'VPN IP': client.assignedIp || '-',
-            'Target Profiles': client.targetProfileIds?.length
-              ? html`${client.targetProfileIds.map(id => {
-                  const profileState = appstate.targetProfilesStatePart.getState();
-                  const profile = profileState?.profiles.find(p => p.id === id);
-                  return html`<span class="tagBadge">${profile?.name || id}</span>`;
-                })}`
-              : '-',
+            'Target Profiles': this.renderTargetProfileBadges(client.targetProfileIds),
             'Description': client.description || '-',
             'Created': new Date(client.createdAt).toLocaleDateString(),
           };
@@ -347,6 +350,7 @@ export class OpsViewVpn extends DeesElement {
             iconName: 'lucide:plus',
             type: ['header'],
             actionFunc: async () => {
+              await this.ensureTargetProfilesLoaded();
               const { DeesModal } = await import('@design.estate/dees-catalog');
               const profileCandidates = this.getTargetProfileCandidates();
               const createModal = await DeesModal.createAndShow({
@@ -647,6 +651,7 @@ export class OpsViewVpn extends DeesElement {
             type: ['contextmenu', 'inRow'],
             actionFunc: async (actionData: any) => {
               const client = actionData.item as interfaces.data.IVpnClient;
+              await this.ensureTargetProfilesLoaded();
               const { DeesModal } = await import('@design.estate/dees-catalog');
               const currentDescription = client.description ?? '';
               const currentTargetProfileNames = this.resolveProfileIdsToLabels(client.targetProfileIds) || [];
@@ -810,12 +815,28 @@ export class OpsViewVpn extends DeesElement {
     `;
   }
 
+  private async ensureTargetProfilesLoaded(): Promise<void> {
+    await appstate.targetProfilesStatePart.dispatchAction(appstate.fetchTargetProfilesAction, null);
+  }
+
+  private renderTargetProfileBadges(ids?: string[]): TemplateResult | string {
+    const labels = this.resolveProfileIdsToLabels(ids, {
+      pendingLabel: 'Loading profile...',
+      missingLabel: (id) => `Unknown profile (${id})`,
+    });
+
+    if (!labels?.length) {
+      return '-';
+    }
+
+    return html`${labels.map((label) => html`<span class="tagBadge">${label}</span>`)}`;
+  }
+
   /**
    * Build stable profile labels for list inputs.
    */
   private getTargetProfileChoices() {
-    const profileState = appstate.targetProfilesStatePart.getState();
-    const profiles = profileState?.profiles || [];
+    const profiles = this.targetProfilesState.profiles || [];
     const nameCounts = new Map<string, number>();
 
     for (const profile of profiles) {
@@ -837,12 +858,27 @@ export class OpsViewVpn extends DeesElement {
   /**
    * Convert profile IDs to form labels (for populating edit form values).
    */
-  private resolveProfileIdsToLabels(ids?: string[]): string[] | undefined {
+  private resolveProfileIdsToLabels(
+    ids?: string[],
+    options: {
+      pendingLabel?: string;
+      missingLabel?: (id: string) => string;
+    } = {},
+  ): string[] | undefined {
     if (!ids?.length) return undefined;
     const choices = this.getTargetProfileChoices();
     const labelsById = new Map(choices.map((profile) => [profile.id, profile.label]));
     return ids.map((id) => {
-      return labelsById.get(id) || id;
+      const label = labelsById.get(id);
+      if (label) {
+        return label;
+      }
+
+      if (this.targetProfilesState.lastUpdated === 0 && !this.targetProfilesState.error) {
+        return options.pendingLabel || 'Loading profile...';
+      }
+
+      return options.missingLabel?.(id) || id;
     });
   }