v13.13.0

feat(dns): add domain migration between dcrouter and provider-managed DNS with unified ACME managed-domain handling
v13.12.0
2026-04-13 09:47:19 +00:00 · 2026-04-13 09:47:19 +00:00 · 2026-04-12 23:46:31 +00:00 · 2026-04-12 23:46:31 +00:00 · 2026-04-12 22:09:20 +00:00 · 2026-04-12 22:09:20 +00:00
52 changed files with 2942 additions and 342 deletions
--- a/changelog.md
+++ b/changelog.md
@@ -1,5 +1,64 @@
 # Changelog

+## 2026-04-13 - 13.13.0 - feat(dns)
+add domain migration between dcrouter and provider-managed DNS with unified ACME managed-domain handling
+
+- adds domain migration support in DnsManager, API handlers, request interfaces, app state, and domains UI
+- routes ACME DNS-01 challenges through managed domains using createRecord/deleteRecord for both dcrouter-hosted and provider-managed zones
+- enables immediate unregister of deleted dcrouter-hosted DNS records from the embedded DNS server
+
+## 2026-04-12 - 13.12.0 - feat(email-domains)
+support creating email domains on optional subdomains
+
+- Add optional subdomain support to email domain creation, persistence, and API interfaces.
+- Update the ops UI to collect and submit a subdomain prefix when creating an email domain.
+- Bump @design.estate/dees-catalog from ^3.78.0 to ^3.78.2.
+
+## 2026-04-12 - 13.11.0 - feat(email-domains)
+add email domain management with DNS provisioning, validation, and ops dashboard support
+
+- Introduce EmailDomainManager with persisted email domain records, DKIM configuration, DNS record generation, provisioning, and validation.
+- Add opsserver typed request handlers and shared interfaces for listing, creating, updating, deleting, validating, and provisioning email domains.
+- Add ops dashboard email domains view and app state integration for managing domains and inspecting required DNS records.
+
+## 2026-04-12 - 13.10.0 - feat(web-ui)
+standardize settings views for ACME and email security panels
+
+- replace custom ACME settings layouts with the reusable dees-settings component for configured and empty states
+- update the email security view to present settings through dees-settings and open a modal-based read-only edit dialog
+- bump @design.estate/dees-catalog to ^3.78.0 to support the updated UI components
+
+## 2026-04-12 - 13.9.2 - fix(web-ui)
+improve form field descriptions and align certificate settings with tile components
+
+- Refines labels and adds descriptive helper text across API token, DNS, domain, route, edge, target profile, and VPN forms for clearer operator input
+- Updates the DNS provider form to surface provider and credential guidance through built-in input metadata instead of custom help blocks
+- Restyles the certificates ACME settings section to use tile-based layout and improves related form wording and file upload metadata
+- Refreshes the Cloudflare DNS provider description and bumps UI-related dependencies
+
+## 2026-04-08 - 13.9.1 - fix(network-ui)
+enable flashing table updates for network activity, remote ingress, and VPN views
+
+- adds stable row keys to dees-table instances so existing rows can be diffed correctly
+- enables flash highlighting for changed rows and cells across network activity, top IPs, backends, remote ingress edges, and VPN clients
+- updates network activity request data on every refresh so live metrics like duration and byte counts visibly refresh
+
+## 2026-04-08 - 13.9.0 - feat(dns)
+add built-in dcrouter DNS provider support and rename manual domains to dcrouter-hosted/local
+
+- Expose a synthetic built-in "DcRouter" provider in provider listings and block create, edit, delete, test, and external domain listing operations for it
+- Rename domain and record source semantics from "manual" to "dcrouter" and "local" across backend, interfaces, and UI
+- Add database migrations to convert existing DomainDoc.source and DnsRecordDoc.source values to the new naming
+- Update domain creation flows and provider UI labels to reflect dcrouter-hosted authoritative domains
+
+## 2026-04-08 - 13.8.0 - feat(acme)
+add DB-backed ACME configuration management and OpsServer certificate settings UI
+
+- introduces a singleton AcmeConfig manager and document persisted in the database, with first-boot seeding from legacy tls.contactEmail and smartProxyConfig.acme options
+- updates SmartProxy startup to read live ACME settings from the database and only enable DNS-01 challenge wiring when ACME is configured and enabled
+- adds authenticated OpsServer typed request endpoints and API token scopes for reading and updating ACME configuration
+- adds web app state and a certificates view card/modal for viewing and editing ACME settings from the Domains certificate UI
+
 ## 2026-04-08 - 13.7.1 - fix(repo)
 no changes to commit

--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
  "name": "@serve.zone/dcrouter",
  "private": false,
-  "version": "13.7.1",
+  "version": "13.13.0",
  "description": "A multifaceted routing service handling mail and SMS delivery functions.",
  "type": "module",
  "exports": {
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
    "@git.zone/tsrun": "^2.0.2",
    "@git.zone/tstest": "^3.6.3",
    "@git.zone/tswatch": "^3.3.2",
-    "@types/node": "^25.5.2"
+    "@types/node": "^25.6.0"
  },
  "dependencies": {
    "@api.global/typedrequest": "^3.3.0",
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
    "@api.global/typedserver": "^8.4.6",
    "@api.global/typedsocket": "^4.1.2",
    "@apiclient.xyz/cloudflare": "^7.1.0",
-    "@design.estate/dees-catalog": "^3.69.1",
+    "@design.estate/dees-catalog": "^3.78.2",
    "@design.estate/dees-element": "^2.2.4",
    "@push.rocks/lik": "^6.4.0",
    "@push.rocks/projectinfo": "^5.1.0",
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
    "@push.rocks/smartjwt": "^2.2.1",
    "@push.rocks/smartlog": "^3.2.2",
    "@push.rocks/smartmetrics": "^3.0.3",
-    "@push.rocks/smartmigration": "1.1.1",
+    "@push.rocks/smartmigration": "1.2.0",
    "@push.rocks/smartmta": "^5.3.1",
    "@push.rocks/smartnetwork": "^4.5.2",
    "@push.rocks/smartpath": "^6.0.0",
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@
    "@serve.zone/remoteingress": "^4.15.3",
    "@tsclass/tsclass": "^9.5.0",
    "@types/qrcode": "^1.5.6",
-    "lru-cache": "^11.3.2",
+    "lru-cache": "^11.3.3",
    "qrcode": "^1.5.4",
    "uuid": "^13.0.0"
  },
--- a/pnpm-lock.yaml
+++ b/pnpm-lock.yaml
@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@ importers:
        specifier: ^7.1.0
        version: 7.1.0
      '@design.estate/dees-catalog':
-        specifier: ^3.69.1
-        version: 3.69.1(@tiptap/pm@2.27.2)
+        specifier: ^3.78.2
+        version: 3.78.2(@tiptap/pm@2.27.2)
      '@design.estate/dees-element':
        specifier: ^2.2.4
        version: 2.2.4
@@ -66,8 +66,8 @@ importers:
        specifier: ^3.0.3
        version: 3.0.3
      '@push.rocks/smartmigration':
-        specifier: 1.1.1
-        version: 1.1.1(@push.rocks/smartbucket@4.6.0)(@push.rocks/smartdata@7.1.7(socks@2.8.7))
+        specifier: 1.2.0
+        version: 1.2.0(@push.rocks/smartbucket@4.6.0)(@push.rocks/smartdata@7.1.7(socks@2.8.7))
      '@push.rocks/smartmta':
        specifier: ^5.3.1
        version: 5.3.1
@@ -120,8 +120,8 @@ importers:
        specifier: ^1.5.6
        version: 1.5.6
      lru-cache:
-        specifier: ^11.3.2
-        version: 11.3.2
+        specifier: ^11.3.3
+        version: 11.3.3
      qrcode:
        specifier: ^1.5.4
        version: 1.5.4
@@ -145,8 +145,8 @@ importers:
        specifier: ^3.3.2
        version: 3.3.2(@emnapi/core@1.9.2)(@emnapi/runtime@1.9.2)(@tiptap/pm@2.27.2)
      '@types/node':
-        specifier: ^25.5.2
-        version: 25.5.2
+        specifier: ^25.6.0
+        version: 25.6.0

 packages:

@@ -353,8 +353,8 @@ packages:
  '@configvault.io/interfaces@1.0.17':
    resolution: {integrity: sha512-bEcCUR2VBDJsTin8HQh8Uw/mlYl2v8A3jMIaQ+MTB9Hrqd6CZL2dL7iJdWyFl/3EIX+LDxWFR+Oq7liIq7w+1Q==}

-  '@design.estate/dees-catalog@3.69.1':
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-OSpHB/hfOrL2mkAfF50TqTKJ2hvPd7Cj1WklAmFckyjloE4fd7DRDeXdI/Bziq9152gExipX5VoofTAOr4rF5w==}
+  '@design.estate/dees-catalog@3.78.2':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-9MKKCvx+vxoIp6UpqVQklreokdg7ZSSODz4FlKyNFqjfZiDDme6pjwxWoMSA+Tn4bkboYyCBosUrVfc0nxa1HA==}

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@@ -368,6 +368,9 @@ packages:
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    resolution: {integrity: sha512-CC14iVKUrguzD9jIrdPBd9fZ4egVJEZMxl5y8iy0l7WLumeoYvGsoXj5INVkRPLRVLqziIdi4Je1hXqHt2NU+g==}

+  '@design.estate/dees-wcctools@3.9.0':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-0vZBaGBEGIbl8hx+8BezIIea3U5T7iSHHF9VqlJZGf+nOFIW4zBAxcCljH8YzZ1Yayp6BEjxp/pQXjHN2YB3Jg==}
+
  '@emnapi/core@1.9.2':
    resolution: {integrity: sha512-UC+ZhH3XtczQYfOlu3lNEkdW/p4dsJ1r/bP7H8+rhao3TTTMO1ATq/4DdIi23XuGoFY+Cz0JmCbdVl0hz9jZcA==}

@@ -1231,8 +1234,8 @@ packages:
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    resolution: {integrity: sha512-RYY4NOla3kraZYVF9TBHgIz4/hSkqVDVNP7tLwhLK5mGBPBy8I/9NWXX6txZKQw6QihP85YD8mWUuUu2xS4D6Q==}

-  '@push.rocks/smartmigration@1.1.1':
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-K/eLN9cNy+CLOT73rhI93vOy/vGwpV46iJpjRUyPwHsMcQcV6po2idk5+XZQzeuq2x7KpKuUPtZ6gXMtf5Y/ig==}
+  '@push.rocks/smartmigration@1.2.0':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-H2diE1UbZm4cXjxgxkt2YQW3aUQ3QVVU/e8Ws30hzIep0xIqL1BH6//WawA5ZBQhnAOBssZpVOuWOd3GIeBq+Q==}
    peerDependencies:
      '@push.rocks/smartbucket': ^4.6.0
      '@push.rocks/smartdata': ^7.1.7
@@ -1994,6 +1997,12 @@ packages:
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+  '@types/dom-mediacapture-transform@0.1.11':
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+
+  '@types/dom-webcodecs@0.1.13':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-O5hkiFIcjjszPIYyUSyvScyvrBoV3NOEEZx/pMlsu44TKzWNkLVBBxnxJz42in5n3QIolYOcBYFCPZZ0h8SkwQ==}
+
  '@types/fs-extra@11.0.4':
    resolution: {integrity: sha512-yTbItCNreRooED33qjunPthRcSjERP1r4MqCZc7wv0u2sUkzTFp45tgUfS5+r7FrZPdmCCNflLhVSP/o+SemsQ==}

@@ -2054,8 +2063,8 @@ packages:
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+  '@types/node@25.6.0':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-+qIYRKdNYJwY3vRCZMdJbPLJAtGjQBudzZzdzwQYkEPQd+PJGixUL5QfvCLDaULoLv+RhT3LDkwEfKaAkgSmNQ==}

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@@ -2858,8 +2867,8 @@ packages:
  humanize-ms@1.2.1:
    resolution: {integrity: sha1-xG4xWaKT9riW2ikxbYtv6Lt5u+0=}

-  ibantools@4.5.2:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-is+8TgZcKS/AMv/z9nW1zz0bhjhoyjpA1p0nc3A6GkW/InOdcQiUZpkufADzh/aO/LY/TOD/P3oPWncNRn5QMA==}
+  ibantools@4.5.4:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-6jX1gh4aH6XH+o0ey+wtkMTzkcvsEta7DakIOZSng9voZYpMw3U+gK1+tZChk3aRcPcloEt0NOzksjaRZiqXbw==}

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@@ -3076,16 +3085,16 @@ packages:
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    engines: {node: ^12.20.0 || ^14.13.1 || >=16.0.0}

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+  lru-cache@11.3.3:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-JvNw9Y81y33E+BEYPr0U7omo+U9AySnsMsEiXgwT6yqd31VQWTLNQqmT4ou5eqPFUrTfIDFta2wKhB1hyohtAQ==}
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+  lucide@1.8.0:
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+  mediabunny@1.40.1:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-HU/stGzAkdWaJIly6ypbUVgAUvT9kt39DIg0IaErR7/1fwtTmgUYs4i8uEPYcgcjPjbB9gtBmUXOLnXi6J2LDw==}
+
  memory-pager@1.5.0:
    resolution: {integrity: sha512-ZS4Bp4r/Zoeq6+NLJpP+0Zzm0pR8whtGPf1XExKLJBAczGMnSi3It14OiNCStjQjM6NU1okjQGSxgEZN8eBYKg==}

@@ -4098,8 +4110,8 @@ packages:
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+  undici-types@7.19.2:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-qYVnV5OEm2AW8cJMCpdV20CDyaN3g0AjDlOGf1OW4iaDEx8MwdtChUp4zu4H0VP3nDRF/8RKWH+IPp9uW0YGZg==}

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@@ -4315,7 +4327,7 @@ snapshots:
      '@api.global/typedrequest-interfaces': 3.0.19
      '@api.global/typedsocket': 4.1.2(@push.rocks/smartserve@2.0.3)
      '@cloudflare/workers-types': 4.20260405.1
-      '@design.estate/dees-catalog': 3.69.1(@tiptap/pm@2.27.2)
+      '@design.estate/dees-catalog': 3.78.2(@tiptap/pm@2.27.2)
      '@design.estate/dees-comms': 1.0.30
      '@push.rocks/lik': 6.4.0
      '@push.rocks/smartdelay': 3.0.5
@@ -4844,11 +4856,11 @@ snapshots:
    dependencies:
      '@api.global/typedrequest-interfaces': 3.0.19

-  '@design.estate/dees-catalog@3.69.1(@tiptap/pm@2.27.2)':
+  '@design.estate/dees-catalog@3.78.2(@tiptap/pm@2.27.2)':
    dependencies:
      '@design.estate/dees-domtools': 2.5.4
      '@design.estate/dees-element': 2.2.4
-      '@design.estate/dees-wcctools': 3.8.0
+      '@design.estate/dees-wcctools': 3.9.0
      '@fortawesome/fontawesome-svg-core': 7.2.0
      '@fortawesome/free-brands-svg-icons': 7.2.0
      '@fortawesome/free-regular-svg-icons': 7.2.0
@@ -4866,9 +4878,9 @@ snapshots:
      '@tsclass/tsclass': 9.5.0
      echarts: 5.6.0
      highlight.js: 11.11.1
-      ibantools: 4.5.2
+      ibantools: 4.5.4
      lightweight-charts: 5.1.0
-      lucide: 0.577.0
+      lucide: 1.8.0
      monaco-editor: 0.55.1
      pdfjs-dist: 4.10.38
      xterm: 5.3.0
@@ -4937,6 +4949,19 @@ snapshots:
      - supports-color
      - vue

+  '@design.estate/dees-wcctools@3.9.0':
+    dependencies:
+      '@design.estate/dees-domtools': 2.5.4
+      '@design.estate/dees-element': 2.2.4
+      '@push.rocks/smartdelay': 3.0.5
+      lit: 3.3.2
+      mediabunny: 1.40.1
+    transitivePeerDependencies:
+      - '@nuxt/kit'
+      - react
+      - supports-color
+      - vue
+
  '@emnapi/core@1.9.2':
    dependencies:
      '@emnapi/wasi-threads': 1.2.1
@@ -6354,7 +6379,7 @@ snapshots:
      '@push.rocks/smartdelay': 3.0.5
      '@push.rocks/smartlog': 3.2.2

-  '@push.rocks/smartmigration@1.1.1(@push.rocks/smartbucket@4.6.0)(@push.rocks/smartdata@7.1.7(socks@2.8.7))':
+  '@push.rocks/smartmigration@1.2.0(@push.rocks/smartbucket@4.6.0)(@push.rocks/smartdata@7.1.7(socks@2.8.7))':
    dependencies:
      '@push.rocks/smartlog': 3.2.2
      '@push.rocks/smartversion': 3.1.0
@@ -6404,7 +6429,7 @@ snapshots:
      '@push.rocks/smartpath': 6.0.0
      '@push.rocks/smartrust': 1.3.2
      '@tsclass/tsclass': 9.5.0
-      lru-cache: 11.3.2
+      lru-cache: 11.3.3
      mailparser: 3.9.6
      uuid: 13.0.0
    transitivePeerDependencies:
@@ -6900,7 +6925,7 @@ snapshots:

  '@serve.zone/catalog@2.12.3(@tiptap/pm@2.27.2)':
    dependencies:
-      '@design.estate/dees-catalog': 3.69.1(@tiptap/pm@2.27.2)
+      '@design.estate/dees-catalog': 3.78.2(@tiptap/pm@2.27.2)
      '@design.estate/dees-domtools': 2.5.4
      '@design.estate/dees-element': 2.2.4
      '@design.estate/dees-wcctools': 3.8.0
@@ -7442,17 +7467,23 @@ snapshots:

  '@types/clean-css@4.2.11':
    dependencies:
-      '@types/node': 25.5.2
+      '@types/node': 25.6.0
      source-map: 0.6.1

  '@types/debug@4.1.13':
    dependencies:
      '@types/ms': 2.1.0

+  '@types/dom-mediacapture-transform@0.1.11':
+    dependencies:
+      '@types/dom-webcodecs': 0.1.13
+
+  '@types/dom-webcodecs@0.1.13': {}
+
  '@types/fs-extra@11.0.4':
    dependencies:
      '@types/jsonfile': 6.1.4
-      '@types/node': 25.5.2
+      '@types/node': 25.6.0

  '@types/hast@3.0.4':
    dependencies:
@@ -7472,12 +7503,12 @@ snapshots:

  '@types/jsonfile@6.1.4':
    dependencies:
-      '@types/node': 25.5.2
+      '@types/node': 25.6.0

  '@types/jsonwebtoken@9.0.10':
    dependencies:
      '@types/ms': 2.1.0
-      '@types/node': 25.5.2
+      '@types/node': 25.6.0

  '@types/linkify-it@5.0.0': {}

@@ -7498,16 +7529,16 @@ snapshots:

  '@types/mute-stream@0.0.4':
    dependencies:
-      '@types/node': 25.5.2
+      '@types/node': 25.6.0

  '@types/node-fetch@2.6.13':
    dependencies:
-      '@types/node': 25.5.2
+      '@types/node': 25.6.0
      form-data: 4.0.5

  '@types/node-forge@1.3.14':
    dependencies:
-      '@types/node': 25.5.2
+      '@types/node': 25.6.0

  '@types/node@16.9.1': {}

@@ -7519,13 +7550,13 @@ snapshots:
    dependencies:
      undici-types: 6.21.0

-  '@types/node@25.5.2':
+  '@types/node@25.6.0':
    dependencies:
-      undici-types: 7.18.2
+      undici-types: 7.19.2

  '@types/qrcode@1.5.6':
    dependencies:
-      '@types/node': 25.5.2
+      '@types/node': 25.6.0

  '@types/randomatic@3.1.5': {}

@@ -7535,11 +7566,11 @@ snapshots:

  '@types/tar-stream@3.1.4':
    dependencies:
-      '@types/node': 25.5.2
+      '@types/node': 25.6.0

  '@types/through2@2.0.41':
    dependencies:
-      '@types/node': 25.5.2
+      '@types/node': 25.6.0

  '@types/trusted-types@2.0.7': {}

@@ -7569,11 +7600,11 @@ snapshots:

  '@types/ws@8.18.1':
    dependencies:
-      '@types/node': 25.5.2
+      '@types/node': 25.6.0

  '@types/yauzl@2.10.3':
    dependencies:
-      '@types/node': 25.5.2
+      '@types/node': 25.6.0
    optional: true

  '@ungap/structured-clone@1.3.0': {}
@@ -8390,7 +8421,7 @@ snapshots:
    dependencies:
      ms: 2.1.3

-  ibantools@4.5.2: {}
+  ibantools@4.5.4: {}

  iconv-lite@0.4.24:
    dependencies:
@@ -8628,11 +8659,11 @@ snapshots:

  lowercase-keys@3.0.0: {}

-  lru-cache@11.3.2: {}
+  lru-cache@11.3.3: {}

  lru-cache@7.18.3: {}

-  lucide@0.577.0: {}
+  lucide@1.8.0: {}

  mailparser@3.9.6:
    dependencies:
@@ -8804,6 +8835,11 @@ snapshots:

  mdurl@2.0.0: {}

+  mediabunny@1.40.1:
+    dependencies:
+      '@types/dom-mediacapture-transform': 0.1.11
+      '@types/dom-webcodecs': 0.1.13
+
  memory-pager@1.5.0: {}

  micromark-core-commonmark@2.0.3:
@@ -9268,7 +9304,7 @@ snapshots:

  path-scurry@2.0.2:
    dependencies:
-      lru-cache: 11.3.2
+      lru-cache: 11.3.3
      minipass: 7.1.3

  path-to-regexp@8.4.2: {}
@@ -9942,7 +9978,7 @@ snapshots:

  undici-types@6.21.0: {}

-  undici-types@7.18.2: {}
+  undici-types@7.19.2: {}

  unified@11.0.5:
    dependencies:
--- a/ts/00_commitinfo_data.ts
+++ b/ts/00_commitinfo_data.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,6 @@
 */
 export const commitinfo = {
  name: '@serve.zone/dcrouter',
-  version: '13.7.1',
+  version: '13.13.0',
  description: 'A multifaceted routing service handling mail and SMS delivery functions.'
 }
--- a/ts/acme/index.ts
+++ b/ts/acme/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export * from './manager.acme-config.js';
--- a/ts/acme/manager.acme-config.ts
+++ b/ts/acme/manager.acme-config.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+import { logger } from '../logger.js';
+import { AcmeConfigDoc } from '../db/documents/index.js';
+import type { IDcRouterOptions } from '../classes.dcrouter.js';
+import type { IAcmeConfig } from '../../ts_interfaces/data/acme-config.js';
+
+/**
+ * AcmeConfigManager — owns the singleton ACME configuration in the DB.
+ *
+ * Lifecycle:
+ *  - `start()` — loads from the DB; if empty, seeds from legacy constructor
+ *    fields (`tls.contactEmail`, `smartProxyConfig.acme.*`) on first boot.
+ *  - `getConfig()` — returns the in-memory cached `IAcmeConfig` (or null)
+ *  - `updateConfig(args, updatedBy)` — upserts and refreshes the cache
+ *
+ * Reload semantics: updates take effect on the next dcrouter restart because
+ * `SmartAcme` is instantiated once in `setupSmartProxy()`. `renewThresholdDays`
+ * applies immediately to the next renewal check. See
+ * `ts_web/elements/domains/ops-view-certificates.ts` for the UI warning.
+ */
+export class AcmeConfigManager {
+  private cached: IAcmeConfig | null = null;
+
+  constructor(private options: IDcRouterOptions) {}
+
+  public async start(): Promise<void> {
+    logger.log('info', 'AcmeConfigManager: starting');
+    let doc = await AcmeConfigDoc.load();
+
+    if (!doc) {
+      // First-boot path: seed from legacy constructor fields if present.
+      const seed = this.deriveSeedFromOptions();
+      if (seed) {
+        doc = await this.createSeedDoc(seed);
+        logger.log(
+          'info',
+          `AcmeConfigManager: seeded from constructor legacy fields (accountEmail=${seed.accountEmail}, useProduction=${seed.useProduction})`,
+        );
+      } else {
+        logger.log(
+          'info',
+          'AcmeConfigManager: no AcmeConfig in DB and no legacy constructor fields — ACME disabled until configured via Domains > Certificates > Settings.',
+        );
+      }
+    } else if (this.deriveSeedFromOptions()) {
+      logger.log(
+        'warn',
+        'AcmeConfigManager: ignoring constructor tls.contactEmail / smartProxyConfig.acme — DB already has AcmeConfigDoc. Manage via Domains > Certificates > Settings.',
+      );
+    }
+
+    this.cached = doc ? this.toPlain(doc) : null;
+    if (this.cached) {
+      logger.log(
+        'info',
+        `AcmeConfigManager: loaded ACME config (accountEmail=${this.cached.accountEmail}, enabled=${this.cached.enabled}, useProduction=${this.cached.useProduction})`,
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  public async stop(): Promise<void> {
+    this.cached = null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the current ACME config, or null if not configured.
+   * In-memory — does not hit the DB.
+   */
+  public getConfig(): IAcmeConfig | null {
+    return this.cached;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * True if there is an enabled ACME config. Used by `setupSmartProxy()` to
+   * decide whether to instantiate SmartAcme.
+   */
+  public hasEnabledConfig(): boolean {
+    return this.cached !== null && this.cached.enabled;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Upsert the ACME config. All fields are optional; missing fields are
+   * preserved from the existing row (or defaulted if there is no row yet).
+   */
+  public async updateConfig(
+    args: Partial<Omit<IAcmeConfig, 'updatedAt' | 'updatedBy'>>,
+    updatedBy: string,
+  ): Promise<IAcmeConfig> {
+    let doc = await AcmeConfigDoc.load();
+    const now = Date.now();
+
+    if (!doc) {
+      doc = new AcmeConfigDoc();
+      doc.configId = 'acme-config';
+      doc.accountEmail = args.accountEmail ?? '';
+      doc.enabled = args.enabled ?? true;
+      doc.useProduction = args.useProduction ?? true;
+      doc.autoRenew = args.autoRenew ?? true;
+      doc.renewThresholdDays = args.renewThresholdDays ?? 30;
+    } else {
+      if (args.accountEmail !== undefined) doc.accountEmail = args.accountEmail;
+      if (args.enabled !== undefined) doc.enabled = args.enabled;
+      if (args.useProduction !== undefined) doc.useProduction = args.useProduction;
+      if (args.autoRenew !== undefined) doc.autoRenew = args.autoRenew;
+      if (args.renewThresholdDays !== undefined) doc.renewThresholdDays = args.renewThresholdDays;
+    }
+
+    doc.updatedAt = now;
+    doc.updatedBy = updatedBy;
+    await doc.save();
+
+    this.cached = this.toPlain(doc);
+    return this.cached;
+  }
+
+  // ==========================================================================
+  // Internal helpers
+  // ==========================================================================
+
+  /**
+   * Build a seed object from the legacy constructor fields. Returns null
+   * if the user has not provided any of them.
+   *
+   * Supports BOTH `tls.contactEmail` (short form) and `smartProxyConfig.acme`
+   * (full form). `smartProxyConfig.acme` wins when both are present.
+   */
+  private deriveSeedFromOptions(): Omit<IAcmeConfig, 'updatedAt' | 'updatedBy'> | null {
+    const acme = this.options.smartProxyConfig?.acme;
+    const tls = this.options.tls;
+
+    // Prefer the explicit smartProxyConfig.acme block if present.
+    if (acme?.accountEmail) {
+      return {
+        accountEmail: acme.accountEmail,
+        enabled: acme.enabled !== false,
+        useProduction: acme.useProduction !== false,
+        autoRenew: acme.autoRenew !== false,
+        renewThresholdDays: acme.renewThresholdDays ?? 30,
+      };
+    }
+
+    // Fall back to the short tls.contactEmail form.
+    if (tls?.contactEmail) {
+      return {
+        accountEmail: tls.contactEmail,
+        enabled: true,
+        useProduction: true,
+        autoRenew: true,
+        renewThresholdDays: 30,
+      };
+    }
+
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  private async createSeedDoc(
+    seed: Omit<IAcmeConfig, 'updatedAt' | 'updatedBy'>,
+  ): Promise<AcmeConfigDoc> {
+    const doc = new AcmeConfigDoc();
+    doc.configId = 'acme-config';
+    doc.accountEmail = seed.accountEmail;
+    doc.enabled = seed.enabled;
+    doc.useProduction = seed.useProduction;
+    doc.autoRenew = seed.autoRenew;
+    doc.renewThresholdDays = seed.renewThresholdDays;
+    doc.updatedAt = Date.now();
+    doc.updatedBy = 'seed';
+    await doc.save();
+    return doc;
+  }
+
+  private toPlain(doc: AcmeConfigDoc): IAcmeConfig {
+    return {
+      accountEmail: doc.accountEmail,
+      enabled: doc.enabled,
+      useProduction: doc.useProduction,
+      autoRenew: doc.autoRenew,
+      renewThresholdDays: doc.renewThresholdDays,
+      updatedAt: doc.updatedAt,
+      updatedBy: doc.updatedBy,
+    };
+  }
+}
--- a/ts/classes.dcrouter.ts
+++ b/ts/classes.dcrouter.ts
@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@ import { RouteConfigManager, ApiTokenManager, ReferenceResolver, DbSeeder, Targe
 import { SecurityLogger, ContentScanner, IPReputationChecker } from './security/index.js';
 import { type IHttp3Config, augmentRoutesWithHttp3 } from './http3/index.js';
 import { DnsManager } from './dns/manager.dns.js';
+import { AcmeConfigManager } from './acme/manager.acme-config.js';
+import { EmailDomainManager } from './email/classes.email-domain.manager.js';

 export interface IDcRouterOptions {
  /** Base directory for all dcrouter data. Defaults to ~/.serve.zone/dcrouter */
@@ -276,6 +278,10 @@ export class DcRouter {
  // Domain / DNS management (DB-backed providers, domains, records)
  public dnsManager?: DnsManager;

+  // ACME configuration (DB-backed singleton, replaces tls.contactEmail)
+  public acmeConfigManager?: AcmeConfigManager;
+  public emailDomainManager?: EmailDomainManager;
+
  // Auto-discovered public IP (populated by generateAuthoritativeRecords)
  public detectedPublicIp: string | null = null;

@@ -412,11 +418,50 @@ export class DcRouter {
      );
    }

-    // SmartProxy: critical, depends on DcRouterDb + DnsManager (if enabled)
+    // AcmeConfigManager: optional, depends on DcRouterDb — owns the singleton
+    // ACME configuration (accountEmail, useProduction, etc.). Must run before
+    // SmartProxy so setupSmartProxy() can read the ACME config from the DB.
+    // On first boot, seeds from legacy `tls.contactEmail` / `smartProxyConfig.acme`.
+    if (this.options.dbConfig?.enabled !== false) {
+      this.serviceManager.addService(
+        new plugins.taskbuffer.Service('AcmeConfigManager')
+          .optional()
+          .dependsOn('DcRouterDb')
+          .withStart(async () => {
+            this.acmeConfigManager = new AcmeConfigManager(this.options);
+            await this.acmeConfigManager.start();
+          })
+          .withStop(async () => {
+            if (this.acmeConfigManager) {
+              await this.acmeConfigManager.stop();
+              this.acmeConfigManager = undefined;
+            }
+          })
+          .withRetry({ maxRetries: 1, baseDelayMs: 500 }),
+      );
+    }
+
+    // Email Domain Manager: optional, depends on DcRouterDb
+    if (this.options.dbConfig?.enabled !== false) {
+      this.serviceManager.addService(
+        new plugins.taskbuffer.Service('EmailDomainManager')
+          .optional()
+          .dependsOn('DcRouterDb')
+          .withStart(async () => {
+            this.emailDomainManager = new EmailDomainManager(this);
+          })
+          .withStop(async () => {
+            this.emailDomainManager = undefined;
+          }),
+      );
+    }
+
+    // SmartProxy: critical, depends on DcRouterDb + DnsManager + AcmeConfigManager (if enabled)
    const smartProxyDeps: string[] = [];
    if (this.options.dbConfig?.enabled !== false) {
      smartProxyDeps.push('DcRouterDb');
      smartProxyDeps.push('DnsManager');
+      smartProxyDeps.push('AcmeConfigManager');
    }
    this.serviceManager.addService(
      new plugins.taskbuffer.Service('SmartProxy')
@@ -837,46 +882,64 @@ export class DcRouter {
    }

    let routes: plugins.smartproxy.IRouteConfig[] = [];
-    let acmeConfig: plugins.smartproxy.IAcmeOptions | undefined;
-    
-    // If user provides full SmartProxy config, use it directly
+
+    // If user provides full SmartProxy config, use its routes.
+    // NOTE: `smartProxyConfig.acme` is now seed-only — consumed by
+    // AcmeConfigManager on first boot. The live ACME config always comes
+    // from the DB via `this.acmeConfigManager.getConfig()`.
    if (this.options.smartProxyConfig) {
      routes = this.options.smartProxyConfig.routes || [];
-      acmeConfig = this.options.smartProxyConfig.acme;
-      logger.log('info', `Found ${routes.length} routes in config, ACME config present: ${!!acmeConfig}`);
+      logger.log('info', `Found ${routes.length} routes in config`);
    }
-    
+
    // If email config exists, automatically add email routes
    if (this.options.emailConfig) {
      const emailRoutes = this.generateEmailRoutes(this.options.emailConfig);
      logger.log('debug', 'Email routes generated', { routes: JSON.stringify(emailRoutes) });
      routes = [...routes, ...emailRoutes]; // Enable email routing through SmartProxy
    }
-    
+
    // If DNS is configured, add DNS routes
    if (this.options.dnsNsDomains && this.options.dnsNsDomains.length > 0) {
      const dnsRoutes = this.generateDnsRoutes();
      logger.log('debug', `DNS routes for nameservers ${this.options.dnsNsDomains.join(', ')}`, { routes: JSON.stringify(dnsRoutes) });
      routes = [...routes, ...dnsRoutes];
    }
-    
-    // Merge TLS/ACME configuration if provided at root level
-    if (this.options.tls && !acmeConfig) {
-      acmeConfig = {
-        accountEmail: this.options.tls.contactEmail,
-        enabled: true,
-        useProduction: true,
-        autoRenew: true,
-        renewThresholdDays: 30
-      };
+
+    // Build the ACME options for SmartProxy from the DB-backed AcmeConfigManager.
+    // If no config exists or it's disabled, SmartProxy's own ACME is turned off
+    // and dcrouter's SmartAcme / certProvisionFunction are not wired.
+    const dbAcme = this.acmeConfigManager?.getConfig();
+    const acmeConfig: plugins.smartproxy.IAcmeOptions | undefined =
+      dbAcme && dbAcme.enabled
+        ? {
+            accountEmail: dbAcme.accountEmail,
+            enabled: true,
+            useProduction: dbAcme.useProduction,
+            autoRenew: dbAcme.autoRenew,
+            renewThresholdDays: dbAcme.renewThresholdDays,
+          }
+        : undefined;
+    if (acmeConfig) {
+      logger.log(
+        'info',
+        `ACME config: accountEmail=${acmeConfig.accountEmail}, useProduction=${acmeConfig.useProduction}, autoRenew=${acmeConfig.autoRenew}`,
+      );
+    } else {
+      logger.log('info', 'ACME config: disabled or not yet configured in DB');
    }
-    
-    // Configure DNS-01 challenge if any DnsProviderDoc exists in the DB.
-    // The DnsManager dispatches each challenge to the right provider client
-    // based on the FQDN being certificated.
+
+    // Configure DNS-01 challenge if any DnsProviderDoc exists in the DB AND
+    // ACME is enabled. The DnsManager dispatches each challenge through the
+    // unified createRecord()/deleteRecord() path — works for both dcrouter-hosted
+    // zones and provider-managed zones. Only domains under management get certs.
    let challengeHandlers: any[] = [];
-    if (this.dnsManager && (await this.dnsManager.hasAcmeCapableProvider())) {
-      logger.log('info', 'Configuring DNS-01 challenge for ACME via DnsManager (DB providers)');
+    if (
+      acmeConfig &&
+      this.dnsManager &&
+      (await this.dnsManager.hasAnyManagedDomain())
+    ) {
+      logger.log('info', 'Configuring DNS-01 challenge for ACME via DnsManager (managed domains)');
      const convenientDnsProvider = this.dnsManager.buildAcmeConvenientDnsProvider();
      const dns01Handler = new plugins.smartacme.handlers.Dns01Handler(convenientDnsProvider);
      challengeHandlers.push(dns01Handler);
@@ -977,10 +1040,12 @@ export class DcRouter {
            logger.log('error', 'Error stopping old SmartAcme', { error: String(err) })
          );
        }
+        // Safe non-null: challengeHandlers.length > 0 implies both dnsManager
+        // and acmeConfig exist (enforced above).
        this.smartAcme = new plugins.smartacme.SmartAcme({
-          accountEmail: acmeConfig?.accountEmail || this.options.tls?.contactEmail || 'admin@example.com',
+          accountEmail: dbAcme!.accountEmail,
          certManager: new StorageBackedCertManager(),
-          environment: 'production',
+          environment: dbAcme!.useProduction ? 'production' : 'integration',
          challengeHandlers: challengeHandlers,
          challengePriority: ['dns-01'],
        });
@@ -1745,7 +1810,8 @@ export class DcRouter {
      logger.log('info', `Registered ${allRecords.length} DNS records (${authoritativeRecords.length} authoritative, ${emailDnsRecords.length} email, ${dkimRecords.length} DKIM, ${this.options.dnsRecords?.length || 0} user-defined)`);
    }

-    // Hand the DnsServer to DnsManager so DB-backed manual records get registered too.
+    // Hand the DnsServer to DnsManager so DB-backed local records on
+    // dcrouter-hosted domains get registered too.
    if (this.dnsManager && this.dnsServer) {
      await this.dnsManager.attachDnsServer(this.dnsServer);
    }
--- a/ts/db/documents/classes.acme-config.doc.ts
+++ b/ts/db/documents/classes.acme-config.doc.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+import * as plugins from '../../plugins.js';
+import { DcRouterDb } from '../classes.dcrouter-db.js';
+
+const getDb = () => DcRouterDb.getInstance().getDb();
+
+/**
+ * Singleton ACME configuration document. One row per dcrouter instance,
+ * keyed on the fixed `configId = 'acme-config'` following the
+ * `VpnServerKeysDoc` pattern.
+ *
+ * Replaces the legacy `tls.contactEmail` and `smartProxyConfig.acme.*`
+ * constructor fields. Managed via the OpsServer UI at
+ * **Domains > Certificates > Settings**.
+ */
+@plugins.smartdata.Collection(() => getDb())
+export class AcmeConfigDoc extends plugins.smartdata.SmartDataDbDoc<AcmeConfigDoc, AcmeConfigDoc> {
+  @plugins.smartdata.unI()
+  @plugins.smartdata.svDb()
+  public configId: string = 'acme-config';
+
+  @plugins.smartdata.svDb()
+  public accountEmail: string = '';
+
+  @plugins.smartdata.svDb()
+  public enabled: boolean = true;
+
+  @plugins.smartdata.svDb()
+  public useProduction: boolean = true;
+
+  @plugins.smartdata.svDb()
+  public autoRenew: boolean = true;
+
+  @plugins.smartdata.svDb()
+  public renewThresholdDays: number = 30;
+
+  @plugins.smartdata.svDb()
+  public updatedAt: number = 0;
+
+  @plugins.smartdata.svDb()
+  public updatedBy: string = '';
+
+  constructor() {
+    super();
+  }
+
+  public static async load(): Promise<AcmeConfigDoc | null> {
+    return await AcmeConfigDoc.getInstance({ configId: 'acme-config' });
+  }
+}
--- a/ts/db/documents/classes.email-domain.doc.ts
+++ b/ts/db/documents/classes.email-domain.doc.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+import * as plugins from '../../plugins.js';
+import { DcRouterDb } from '../classes.dcrouter-db.js';
+import type {
+  IEmailDomainDkim,
+  IEmailDomainRateLimits,
+  IEmailDomainDnsStatus,
+} from '../../../ts_interfaces/data/email-domain.js';
+
+const getDb = () => DcRouterDb.getInstance().getDb();
+
+@plugins.smartdata.Collection(() => getDb())
+export class EmailDomainDoc extends plugins.smartdata.SmartDataDbDoc<EmailDomainDoc, EmailDomainDoc> {
+  @plugins.smartdata.unI()
+  @plugins.smartdata.svDb()
+  public id!: string;
+
+  @plugins.smartdata.svDb()
+  public domain: string = '';
+
+  @plugins.smartdata.svDb()
+  public linkedDomainId: string = '';
+
+  @plugins.smartdata.svDb()
+  public subdomain?: string;
+
+  @plugins.smartdata.svDb()
+  public dkim!: IEmailDomainDkim;
+
+  @plugins.smartdata.svDb()
+  public rateLimits?: IEmailDomainRateLimits;
+
+  @plugins.smartdata.svDb()
+  public dnsStatus!: IEmailDomainDnsStatus;
+
+  @plugins.smartdata.svDb()
+  public createdAt!: string;
+
+  @plugins.smartdata.svDb()
+  public updatedAt!: string;
+
+  constructor() {
+    super();
+  }
+
+  public static async findById(id: string): Promise<EmailDomainDoc | null> {
+    return await EmailDomainDoc.getInstance({ id });
+  }
+
+  public static async findByDomain(domain: string): Promise<EmailDomainDoc | null> {
+    return await EmailDomainDoc.getInstance({ domain: domain.toLowerCase() });
+  }
+
+  public static async findAll(): Promise<EmailDomainDoc[]> {
+    return await EmailDomainDoc.getInstances({});
+  }
+}
--- a/ts/db/documents/index.ts
+++ b/ts/db/documents/index.ts
@@ -30,3 +30,9 @@ export * from './classes.accounting-session.doc.js';
 export * from './classes.dns-provider.doc.js';
 export * from './classes.domain.doc.js';
 export * from './classes.dns-record.doc.js';
+
+// ACME configuration (singleton)
+export * from './classes.acme-config.doc.js';
+
+// Email domain management
+export * from './classes.email-domain.doc.js';
--- a/ts/dns/manager.dns.ts
+++ b/ts/dns/manager.dns.ts
@@ -25,9 +25,9 @@ import type {
 * Responsibilities:
 *  - Load Domain/DnsRecord docs from the DB on start
 *  - First-boot seeding from legacy constructor config (dnsScopes/dnsRecords/dnsNsDomains)
- *  - Register manual-domain records with smartdns.DnsServer at startup
- *  - Provide CRUD methods used by OpsServer handlers (manual domains hit smartdns,
- *    provider domains hit the provider API)
+ *  - Register dcrouter-hosted domain records with smartdns.DnsServer at startup
+ *  - Provide CRUD methods used by OpsServer handlers (dcrouter-hosted domains hit
+ *    smartdns, provider domains hit the provider API)
 *  - Expose a provider lookup used by the ACME DNS-01 wiring in setupSmartProxy()
 *
 * Provider-managed domains are NEVER served from the embedded DnsServer — the
@@ -69,12 +69,12 @@ export class DnsManager {

  /**
   * Wire the embedded DnsServer instance after it has been created by
-   * DcRouter.setupDnsWithSocketHandler(). After this, manual records loaded
-   * from the DB are registered with the server.
+   * DcRouter.setupDnsWithSocketHandler(). After this, local records on
+   * dcrouter-hosted domains loaded from the DB are registered with the server.
   */
  public async attachDnsServer(dnsServer: plugins.smartdns.dnsServerMod.DnsServer): Promise<void> {
    this.dnsServer = dnsServer;
-    await this.applyManualDomainsToDnsServer();
+    await this.applyDcrouterDomainsToDnsServer();
  }

  // ==========================================================================
@@ -83,7 +83,8 @@ export class DnsManager {

  /**
   * If no DomainDocs exist yet but the constructor has legacy DNS fields,
-   * seed them as `source: 'manual'` records. On subsequent boots (DB has
+   * seed them as dcrouter-hosted (`domain.source: 'dcrouter'`) zones with
+   * local (`record.source: 'local'`) records. On subsequent boots (DB has
   * entries), constructor config is ignored with a warning.
   */
  private async seedFromConstructorConfigIfEmpty(): Promise<void> {
@@ -117,7 +118,7 @@ export class DnsManager {
      const domain = new DomainDoc();
      domain.id = plugins.uuid.v4();
      domain.name = scope.toLowerCase();
-      domain.source = 'manual';
+      domain.source = 'dcrouter';
      domain.authoritative = true;
      domain.createdAt = now;
      domain.updatedAt = now;
@@ -144,7 +145,7 @@ export class DnsManager {
      record.type = rec.type as TDnsRecordType;
      record.value = rec.value;
      record.ttl = rec.ttl ?? 300;
-      record.source = 'manual';
+      record.source = 'local';
      record.createdAt = now;
      record.updatedAt = now;
      record.createdBy = 'seed';
@@ -174,28 +175,31 @@ export class DnsManager {
  }

  // ==========================================================================
-  // Manual-domain DnsServer wiring
+  // DcRouter-hosted domain DnsServer wiring
  // ==========================================================================

  /**
-   * Register all manual-domain records from the DB with the embedded DnsServer.
-   * Called once after attachDnsServer().
+   * Register all records from dcrouter-hosted domains in the DB with the
+   * embedded DnsServer. Called once after attachDnsServer().
   */
-  private async applyManualDomainsToDnsServer(): Promise<void> {
+  private async applyDcrouterDomainsToDnsServer(): Promise<void> {
    if (!this.dnsServer) {
      return;
    }
    const allDomains = await DomainDoc.findAll();
-    const manualDomains = allDomains.filter((d) => d.source === 'manual');
+    const dcrouterDomains = allDomains.filter((d) => d.source === 'dcrouter');
    let registered = 0;
-    for (const domain of manualDomains) {
+    for (const domain of dcrouterDomains) {
      const records = await DnsRecordDoc.findByDomainId(domain.id);
      for (const rec of records) {
        this.registerRecordWithDnsServer(rec);
        registered++;
      }
    }
-    logger.log('info', `DnsManager: registered ${registered} manual DNS record(s) from DB`);
+    logger.log(
+      'info',
+      `DnsManager: registered ${registered} dcrouter-hosted DNS record(s) from DB`,
+    );
  }

  /**
@@ -292,70 +296,99 @@ export class DnsManager {
  }

  /**
-   * True if any cloudflare provider exists in the DB. Used by setupSmartProxy()
-   * to decide whether to wire SmartAcme with a DNS-01 handler.
+   * Find the DomainDoc that covers a given FQDN, regardless of source
+   * (dcrouter-hosted or provider-managed). Uses longest-suffix match.
   */
-  public async hasAcmeCapableProvider(): Promise<boolean> {
-    const providers = await DnsProviderDoc.findAll();
-    return providers.length > 0;
+  public async findDomainForFqdn(fqdn: string): Promise<DomainDoc | null> {
+    const lower = fqdn.toLowerCase().replace(/^\*\./, '').replace(/\.$/, '');
+    const allDomains = await DomainDoc.findAll();
+    // Sort by name length descending for longest-match-wins
+    allDomains.sort((a, b) => b.name.length - a.name.length);
+    for (const domain of allDomains) {
+      if (lower === domain.name || lower.endsWith(`.${domain.name}`)) {
+        return domain;
+      }
+    }
+    return null;
  }

  /**
-   * Build an IConvenientDnsProvider that dispatches each ACME challenge to
-   * the right provider client (whichever provider type owns the parent zone),
-   * based on the challenge's hostName. Provider-agnostic — uses the IDnsProviderClient
-   * interface, so any registered provider implementation works.
-   * Returned object plugs directly into smartacme's Dns01Handler.
+   * Delete all DNS records matching a name and type under a domain.
+   * Used for ACME challenge cleanup (may have multiple TXT records at the same name).
+   */
+  public async deleteRecordsByNameAndType(
+    domainId: string,
+    name: string,
+    type: TDnsRecordType,
+  ): Promise<void> {
+    const records = await DnsRecordDoc.findByDomainId(domainId);
+    for (const rec of records) {
+      if (rec.name.toLowerCase() === name.toLowerCase() && rec.type === type) {
+        await this.deleteRecord(rec.id);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * True if any domain is under management (dcrouter-hosted or provider-managed).
+   * Used by setupSmartProxy() to decide whether to wire SmartAcme with a DNS-01 handler.
+   */
+  public async hasAnyManagedDomain(): Promise<boolean> {
+    const domains = await DomainDoc.findAll();
+    return domains.length > 0;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Build an IConvenientDnsProvider that routes ACME DNS-01 challenges through
+   * the DnsManager abstraction. Challenges are dispatched via createRecord() /
+   * deleteRecord(), which transparently handle both dcrouter-hosted zones
+   * (embedded DnsServer) and provider-managed zones (e.g. Cloudflare API).
+   *
+   * Only domains under management (with a DomainDoc in DB) are supported —
+   * this acts as the management gate for certificate issuance.
   */
  public buildAcmeConvenientDnsProvider(): plugins.tsclass.network.IConvenientDnsProvider {
    const self = this;
    const adapter = {
      async acmeSetDnsChallenge(dnsChallenge: { hostName: string; challenge: string }) {
-        const client = await self.getProviderClientForDomain(dnsChallenge.hostName);
-        if (!client) {
+        const domainDoc = await self.findDomainForFqdn(dnsChallenge.hostName);
+        if (!domainDoc) {
          throw new Error(
-            `DnsManager: no DNS provider configured for ${dnsChallenge.hostName}. ` +
-              'Add one in the Domains > Providers UI before issuing certificates.',
+            `DnsManager: no managed domain found for ${dnsChallenge.hostName}. ` +
+              'Add the domain in Domains before issuing certificates.',
          );
        }
-        // Clean any leftover challenge records first to avoid duplicates.
+        // Clean leftover challenge records first to avoid duplicates.
        try {
-          const existing = await client.listRecords(dnsChallenge.hostName);
-          for (const r of existing) {
-            if (r.type === 'TXT' && r.name === dnsChallenge.hostName) {
-              await client.deleteRecord(dnsChallenge.hostName, r.providerRecordId).catch(() => {});
-            }
-          }
+          await self.deleteRecordsByNameAndType(domainDoc.id, dnsChallenge.hostName, 'TXT');
        } catch (err: unknown) {
          logger.log('warn', `DnsManager: failed to clean existing TXT for ${dnsChallenge.hostName}: ${(err as Error).message}`);
        }
-        await client.createRecord(dnsChallenge.hostName, {
+        // Create the challenge TXT record via the unified path
+        await self.createRecord({
+          domainId: domainDoc.id,
          name: dnsChallenge.hostName,
          type: 'TXT',
          value: dnsChallenge.challenge,
          ttl: 120,
+          createdBy: 'acme-dns01',
        });
      },
      async acmeRemoveDnsChallenge(dnsChallenge: { hostName: string; challenge: string }) {
-        const client = await self.getProviderClientForDomain(dnsChallenge.hostName);
-        if (!client) {
+        const domainDoc = await self.findDomainForFqdn(dnsChallenge.hostName);
+        if (!domainDoc) {
          // The domain may have been removed; nothing to clean up.
          return;
        }
        try {
-          const existing = await client.listRecords(dnsChallenge.hostName);
-          for (const r of existing) {
-            if (r.type === 'TXT' && r.name === dnsChallenge.hostName) {
-              await client.deleteRecord(dnsChallenge.hostName, r.providerRecordId);
-            }
-          }
+          await self.deleteRecordsByNameAndType(domainDoc.id, dnsChallenge.hostName, 'TXT');
        } catch (err: unknown) {
          logger.log('warn', `DnsManager: failed to remove TXT for ${dnsChallenge.hostName}: ${(err as Error).message}`);
        }
      },
      async isDomainSupported(domain: string): Promise<boolean> {
-        const client = await self.getProviderClientForDomain(domain);
-        return !!client;
+        const domainDoc = await self.findDomainForFqdn(domain);
+        return !!domainDoc;
      },
    };
    return { convenience: adapter } as plugins.tsclass.network.IConvenientDnsProvider;
@@ -381,6 +414,12 @@ export class DnsManager {
    credentials: TDnsProviderCredentials;
    createdBy: string;
  }): Promise<string> {
+    if (args.type === 'dcrouter') {
+      throw new Error(
+        'createProvider: cannot create a DnsProviderDoc with type "dcrouter" — ' +
+          'that type is reserved for the built-in pseudo-provider surfaced at read time.',
+      );
+    }
    const now = Date.now();
    const doc = new DnsProviderDoc();
    doc.id = plugins.uuid.v4();
@@ -473,10 +512,10 @@ export class DnsManager {
  }

  /**
-   * Create a manual (authoritative) domain. dcrouter will serve DNS records
-   * for this domain via the embedded smartdns.DnsServer.
+   * Create a dcrouter-hosted (authoritative) domain. dcrouter will serve
+   * DNS records for this domain via the embedded smartdns.DnsServer.
   */
-  public async createManualDomain(args: {
+  public async createDcrouterDomain(args: {
    name: string;
    description?: string;
    createdBy: string;
@@ -485,7 +524,7 @@ export class DnsManager {
    const doc = new DomainDoc();
    doc.id = plugins.uuid.v4();
    doc.name = args.name.toLowerCase();
-    doc.source = 'manual';
+    doc.source = 'dcrouter';
    doc.authoritative = true;
    doc.description = args.description;
    doc.createdAt = now;
@@ -571,10 +610,11 @@ export class DnsManager {
  /**
   * Delete a domain and all of its DNS records. For provider domains, only
   * removes the local mirror — does NOT touch the provider.
-   * For manual domains, also unregisters records from the embedded DnsServer.
+   * For dcrouter-hosted domains, also unregisters records from the embedded
+   * DnsServer.
   *
   * Note: smartdns has no public unregister-by-name API in the version pinned
-   * here, so manual record deletes only take effect after a restart. The DB
+   * here, so local record deletes only take effect after a restart. The DB
   * is the source of truth and the next start will not register the deleted
   * record.
   */
@@ -631,6 +671,151 @@ export class DnsManager {
    return await DnsRecordDoc.findById(id);
  }

+  // ==========================================================================
+  // Domain migration
+  // ==========================================================================
+
+  /**
+   * Migrate a domain between dcrouter-hosted and provider-managed.
+   * Transfers all records to the target and updates domain metadata.
+   */
+  public async migrateDomain(args: {
+    id: string;
+    targetSource: 'dcrouter' | 'provider';
+    targetProviderId?: string;
+    deleteExistingProviderRecords?: boolean;
+  }): Promise<{ success: boolean; recordsMigrated?: number; message?: string }> {
+    const domain = await DomainDoc.findById(args.id);
+    if (!domain) return { success: false, message: 'Domain not found' };
+
+    if (domain.source === args.targetSource && domain.providerId === args.targetProviderId) {
+      return { success: false, message: 'Domain is already in the target configuration' };
+    }
+
+    const records = await DnsRecordDoc.findByDomainId(domain.id);
+
+    if (args.targetSource === 'provider') {
+      return this.migrateToDnsProvider(domain, records, args.targetProviderId!, args.deleteExistingProviderRecords ?? false);
+    } else {
+      return this.migrateToDcrouter(domain, records);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Migrate domain from dcrouter-hosted (or another provider) to an external DNS provider.
+   */
+  private async migrateToDnsProvider(
+    domain: DomainDoc,
+    records: DnsRecordDoc[],
+    targetProviderId: string,
+    deleteExistingProviderRecords: boolean,
+  ): Promise<{ success: boolean; recordsMigrated?: number; message?: string }> {
+    // Validate the target provider exists
+    const client = await this.getProviderClientById(targetProviderId);
+    if (!client) {
+      return { success: false, message: 'Target DNS provider not found' };
+    }
+
+    // Find the zone at the provider
+    const providerDomains = await client.listDomains();
+    const zone = providerDomains.find(
+      (z) => z.name.toLowerCase() === domain.name.toLowerCase(),
+    );
+    if (!zone) {
+      return { success: false, message: `Zone "${domain.name}" not found at the target provider` };
+    }
+
+    // Optionally delete existing records at the provider
+    if (deleteExistingProviderRecords) {
+      try {
+        const existingProviderRecords = await client.listRecords(domain.name);
+        for (const pr of existingProviderRecords) {
+          await client.deleteRecord(domain.name, pr.providerRecordId).catch(() => {});
+        }
+        logger.log('info', `Deleted ${existingProviderRecords.length} existing records at provider for ${domain.name}`);
+      } catch (err: unknown) {
+        logger.log('warn', `Failed to clean existing provider records for ${domain.name}: ${(err as Error).message}`);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Push each local record to the provider
+    let migrated = 0;
+    for (const rec of records) {
+      try {
+        const providerRecord = await client.createRecord(domain.name, {
+          name: rec.name,
+          type: rec.type as any,
+          value: rec.value,
+          ttl: rec.ttl,
+        });
+        // Unregister from embedded DnsServer if it was dcrouter-hosted
+        if (domain.source === 'dcrouter') {
+          this.unregisterRecordFromDnsServer(rec);
+        }
+        // Update the record doc to synced
+        rec.source = 'synced' as TDnsRecordSource;
+        rec.providerRecordId = providerRecord.providerRecordId;
+        await rec.save();
+        migrated++;
+      } catch (err: unknown) {
+        logger.log('warn', `Failed to migrate record ${rec.name} ${rec.type} to provider: ${(err as Error).message}`);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Update domain metadata
+    domain.source = 'provider';
+    domain.authoritative = false;
+    domain.providerId = targetProviderId;
+    domain.externalZoneId = zone.externalId;
+    domain.nameservers = zone.nameservers;
+    domain.lastSyncedAt = Date.now();
+    domain.updatedAt = Date.now();
+    await domain.save();
+
+    logger.log('info', `Domain ${domain.name} migrated to provider (${migrated} records)`);
+    return { success: true, recordsMigrated: migrated };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Migrate domain from provider-managed to dcrouter-hosted (authoritative).
+   */
+  private async migrateToDcrouter(
+    domain: DomainDoc,
+    records: DnsRecordDoc[],
+  ): Promise<{ success: boolean; recordsMigrated?: number; message?: string }> {
+    // Register each record with the embedded DnsServer
+    let migrated = 0;
+    for (const rec of records) {
+      try {
+        this.registerRecordWithDnsServer(rec);
+        // Update the record doc to local
+        rec.source = 'local' as TDnsRecordSource;
+        rec.providerRecordId = undefined;
+        await rec.save();
+        migrated++;
+      } catch (err: unknown) {
+        logger.log('warn', `Failed to register record ${rec.name} ${rec.type} with DnsServer: ${(err as Error).message}`);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Update domain metadata
+    domain.source = 'dcrouter';
+    domain.authoritative = true;
+    domain.providerId = undefined;
+    domain.externalZoneId = undefined;
+    domain.nameservers = undefined;
+    domain.lastSyncedAt = undefined;
+    domain.updatedAt = Date.now();
+    await domain.save();
+
+    logger.log('info', `Domain ${domain.name} migrated to dcrouter (${migrated} records)`);
+    return { success: true, recordsMigrated: migrated };
+  }
+
+  // ==========================================================================
+  // Record CRUD
+  // ==========================================================================
+
  public async createRecord(args: {
    domainId: string;
    name: string;
@@ -652,7 +837,7 @@ export class DnsManager {
    doc.value = args.value;
    doc.ttl = args.ttl ?? 300;
    if (args.proxied !== undefined) doc.proxied = args.proxied;
-    doc.source = 'manual';
+    doc.source = 'local';
    doc.createdAt = now;
    doc.updatedAt = now;
    doc.createdBy = args.createdBy;
@@ -678,7 +863,7 @@ export class DnsManager {
        return { success: false, message: `Provider rejected record: ${(err as Error).message}` };
      }
    } else {
-      // Manual / authoritative — register with embedded DnsServer immediately
+      // dcrouter-hosted / authoritative — register with embedded DnsServer immediately
      this.registerRecordWithDnsServer(doc);
    }

@@ -722,7 +907,7 @@ export class DnsManager {
        return { success: false, message: `Provider rejected update: ${(err as Error).message}` };
      }
    } else {
-      // Re-register the manual record so the new closure picks up the updated fields
+      // Re-register the local record so the new closure picks up the updated fields
      this.registerRecordWithDnsServer(doc);
    }

@@ -748,14 +933,24 @@ export class DnsManager {
        }
      }
    }
-    // For manual records: smartdns has no unregister API in the pinned version,
-    // so the record stays served until the next restart. The DB delete still
-    // takes effect — on restart, the record will not be re-registered.
+    // For dcrouter-hosted records: unregister the handler from the embedded DnsServer
+    // so the record stops being served immediately (not just after restart).
+    if (domain.source === 'dcrouter' && this.dnsServer) {
+      this.unregisterRecordFromDnsServer(doc);
+    }

    await doc.delete();
    return { success: true };
  }

+  /**
+   * Unregister a record's handler from the embedded DnsServer.
+   */
+  public unregisterRecordFromDnsServer(rec: DnsRecordDoc): void {
+    if (!this.dnsServer) return;
+    this.dnsServer.unregisterHandler(rec.name, [rec.type]);
+  }
+
  // ==========================================================================
  // Internal helpers
  // ==========================================================================
@@ -807,7 +1002,7 @@ export class DnsManager {
  public toPublicDomain(doc: DomainDoc): {
    id: string;
    name: string;
-    source: 'manual' | 'provider';
+    source: 'dcrouter' | 'provider';
    providerId?: string;
    authoritative: boolean;
    nameservers?: string[];
--- a/ts/dns/providers/factory.ts
+++ b/ts/dns/providers/factory.ts
@@ -38,6 +38,17 @@ export function createDnsProvider(
      }
      return new CloudflareDnsProvider(credentials.apiToken);
    }
+    case 'dcrouter': {
+      // The built-in DcRouter pseudo-provider has no runtime client — dcrouter
+      // itself serves the records via the embedded smartdns.DnsServer. This
+      // case exists only to satisfy the exhaustive switch; it should never
+      // actually run because the handler layer rejects any CRUD that would
+      // result in a DnsProviderDoc with type: 'dcrouter'.
+      throw new Error(
+        `createDnsProvider: 'dcrouter' is a built-in pseudo-provider — no runtime client exists. ` +
+          `This call indicates a DnsProviderDoc with type: 'dcrouter' was persisted, which should never happen.`,
+      );
+    }
    default: {
      // If you see a TypeScript error here after extending TDnsProviderType,
      // add a `case` for the new type above. The `never` enforces exhaustiveness.
--- a/ts/email/classes.email-domain.manager.ts
+++ b/ts/email/classes.email-domain.manager.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,321 @@
+import * as plugins from '../plugins.js';
+import { logger } from '../logger.js';
+import { EmailDomainDoc } from '../db/documents/classes.email-domain.doc.js';
+import { DomainDoc } from '../db/documents/classes.domain.doc.js';
+import { DnsRecordDoc } from '../db/documents/classes.dns-record.doc.js';
+import type { DnsManager } from '../dns/manager.dns.js';
+import type { IEmailDomain, IEmailDnsRecord, TDnsRecordStatus } from '../../ts_interfaces/data/email-domain.js';
+
+/**
+ * EmailDomainManager — orchestrates email domain setup.
+ *
+ * Wires smartmta's DKIMCreator (key generation) with dcrouter's DnsManager
+ * (record creation for dcrouter-hosted and provider-managed zones) to provide
+ * a single entry point for setting up an email domain from A to Z.
+ */
+export class EmailDomainManager {
+  private dcRouter: any; // DcRouter — avoids circular import
+
+  constructor(dcRouterRef: any) {
+    this.dcRouter = dcRouterRef;
+  }
+
+  private get dnsManager(): DnsManager | undefined {
+    return this.dcRouter.dnsManager;
+  }
+
+  private get dkimCreator(): any | undefined {
+    return this.dcRouter.emailServer?.dkimCreator;
+  }
+
+  private get emailHostname(): string {
+    return this.dcRouter.options?.emailConfig?.hostname || this.dcRouter.options?.tls?.domain || 'localhost';
+  }
+
+  // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // CRUD
+  // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  public async getAll(): Promise<IEmailDomain[]> {
+    const docs = await EmailDomainDoc.findAll();
+    return docs.map((d) => this.docToInterface(d));
+  }
+
+  public async getById(id: string): Promise<IEmailDomain | null> {
+    const doc = await EmailDomainDoc.findById(id);
+    return doc ? this.docToInterface(doc) : null;
+  }
+
+  public async createEmailDomain(opts: {
+    linkedDomainId: string;
+    subdomain?: string;
+    dkimSelector?: string;
+    dkimKeySize?: number;
+    rotateKeys?: boolean;
+    rotationIntervalDays?: number;
+  }): Promise<IEmailDomain> {
+    // Resolve the linked DNS domain
+    const domainDoc = await DomainDoc.findById(opts.linkedDomainId);
+    if (!domainDoc) {
+      throw new Error(`DNS domain not found: ${opts.linkedDomainId}`);
+    }
+    const baseDomain = domainDoc.name;
+    const subdomain = opts.subdomain?.trim() || undefined;
+    const domainName = subdomain ? `${subdomain}.${baseDomain}` : baseDomain;
+
+    // Check for duplicates
+    const existing = await EmailDomainDoc.findByDomain(domainName);
+    if (existing) {
+      throw new Error(`Email domain already exists for ${domainName}`);
+    }
+
+    const selector = opts.dkimSelector || 'default';
+    const keySize = opts.dkimKeySize || 2048;
+    const now = new Date().toISOString();
+
+    // Generate DKIM keys
+    let publicKey: string | undefined;
+    if (this.dkimCreator) {
+      try {
+        await this.dkimCreator.handleDKIMKeysForDomain(domainName);
+        const dnsRecord = await this.dkimCreator.getDNSRecordForSelector(domainName, selector);
+        // Extract public key from the DNS record value
+        const match = dnsRecord?.value?.match(/p=([A-Za-z0-9+/=]+)/);
+        publicKey = match ? match[1] : undefined;
+        logger.log('info', `DKIM keys generated for ${domainName} (selector: ${selector})`);
+      } catch (err: unknown) {
+        logger.log('warn', `DKIM key generation failed for ${domainName}: ${(err as Error).message}`);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Create the document
+    const doc = new EmailDomainDoc();
+    doc.id = plugins.smartunique.shortId();
+    doc.domain = domainName.toLowerCase();
+    doc.linkedDomainId = opts.linkedDomainId;
+    doc.subdomain = subdomain;
+    doc.dkim = {
+      selector,
+      keySize,
+      publicKey,
+      rotateKeys: opts.rotateKeys ?? false,
+      rotationIntervalDays: opts.rotationIntervalDays ?? 90,
+    };
+    doc.dnsStatus = {
+      mx: 'unchecked',
+      spf: 'unchecked',
+      dkim: 'unchecked',
+      dmarc: 'unchecked',
+    };
+    doc.createdAt = now;
+    doc.updatedAt = now;
+    await doc.save();
+
+    logger.log('info', `Email domain created: ${domainName}`);
+    return this.docToInterface(doc);
+  }
+
+  public async updateEmailDomain(
+    id: string,
+    changes: {
+      rotateKeys?: boolean;
+      rotationIntervalDays?: number;
+      rateLimits?: IEmailDomain['rateLimits'];
+    },
+  ): Promise<void> {
+    const doc = await EmailDomainDoc.findById(id);
+    if (!doc) throw new Error(`Email domain not found: ${id}`);
+
+    if (changes.rotateKeys !== undefined) doc.dkim.rotateKeys = changes.rotateKeys;
+    if (changes.rotationIntervalDays !== undefined) doc.dkim.rotationIntervalDays = changes.rotationIntervalDays;
+    if (changes.rateLimits !== undefined) doc.rateLimits = changes.rateLimits;
+    doc.updatedAt = new Date().toISOString();
+    await doc.save();
+  }
+
+  public async deleteEmailDomain(id: string): Promise<void> {
+    const doc = await EmailDomainDoc.findById(id);
+    if (!doc) throw new Error(`Email domain not found: ${id}`);
+    await doc.delete();
+    logger.log('info', `Email domain deleted: ${doc.domain}`);
+  }
+
+  // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // DNS record computation
+  // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /**
+   * Compute the 4 required DNS records for an email domain.
+   */
+  public async getRequiredDnsRecords(id: string): Promise<IEmailDnsRecord[]> {
+    const doc = await EmailDomainDoc.findById(id);
+    if (!doc) throw new Error(`Email domain not found: ${id}`);
+
+    const domain = doc.domain;
+    const selector = doc.dkim.selector;
+    const publicKey = doc.dkim.publicKey || '';
+    const hostname = this.emailHostname;
+
+    const records: IEmailDnsRecord[] = [
+      {
+        type: 'MX',
+        name: domain,
+        value: `10 ${hostname}`,
+        status: doc.dnsStatus.mx,
+      },
+      {
+        type: 'TXT',
+        name: domain,
+        value: 'v=spf1 a mx ~all',
+        status: doc.dnsStatus.spf,
+      },
+      {
+        type: 'TXT',
+        name: `${selector}._domainkey.${domain}`,
+        value: `v=DKIM1; h=sha256; k=rsa; p=${publicKey}`,
+        status: doc.dnsStatus.dkim,
+      },
+      {
+        type: 'TXT',
+        name: `_dmarc.${domain}`,
+        value: `v=DMARC1; p=none; rua=mailto:dmarc@${domain}`,
+        status: doc.dnsStatus.dmarc,
+      },
+    ];
+
+    return records;
+  }
+
+  // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // DNS provisioning
+  // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /**
+   * Auto-create missing DNS records via the linked domain's DNS path.
+   */
+  public async provisionDnsRecords(id: string): Promise<number> {
+    const doc = await EmailDomainDoc.findById(id);
+    if (!doc) throw new Error(`Email domain not found: ${id}`);
+    if (!this.dnsManager) throw new Error('DnsManager not available');
+
+    const requiredRecords = await this.getRequiredDnsRecords(id);
+    const domainId = doc.linkedDomainId;
+
+    // Get existing DNS records for the linked domain
+    const existingRecords = await DnsRecordDoc.findByDomainId(domainId);
+    let provisioned = 0;
+
+    for (const required of requiredRecords) {
+      // Check if a matching record already exists
+      const exists = existingRecords.some((r) => {
+        if (required.type === 'MX') {
+          return r.type === 'MX' && r.name.toLowerCase() === required.name.toLowerCase();
+        }
+        // For TXT records, match by name AND check value prefix (v=spf1, v=DKIM1, v=DMARC1)
+        if (r.type !== 'TXT' || r.name.toLowerCase() !== required.name.toLowerCase()) return false;
+        if (required.value.startsWith('v=spf1')) return r.value.includes('v=spf1');
+        if (required.value.startsWith('v=DKIM1')) return r.value.includes('v=DKIM1');
+        if (required.value.startsWith('v=DMARC1')) return r.value.includes('v=DMARC1');
+        return false;
+      });
+
+      if (!exists) {
+        try {
+          await this.dnsManager.createRecord({
+            domainId,
+            name: required.name,
+            type: required.type as any,
+            value: required.value,
+            ttl: 3600,
+            createdBy: 'email-domain-manager',
+          });
+          provisioned++;
+          logger.log('info', `Provisioned ${required.type} record for ${required.name}`);
+        } catch (err: unknown) {
+          logger.log('warn', `Failed to provision ${required.type} for ${required.name}: ${(err as Error).message}`);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Re-validate after provisioning
+    await this.validateDns(id);
+
+    return provisioned;
+  }
+
+  // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // DNS validation
+  // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /**
+   * Validate DNS records via live lookups.
+   */
+  public async validateDns(id: string): Promise<IEmailDnsRecord[]> {
+    const doc = await EmailDomainDoc.findById(id);
+    if (!doc) throw new Error(`Email domain not found: ${id}`);
+
+    const domain = doc.domain;
+    const selector = doc.dkim.selector;
+    const resolver = new plugins.dns.promises.Resolver();
+
+    // MX check
+    doc.dnsStatus.mx = await this.checkMx(resolver, domain);
+
+    // SPF check
+    doc.dnsStatus.spf = await this.checkTxtRecord(resolver, domain, 'v=spf1');
+
+    // DKIM check
+    doc.dnsStatus.dkim = await this.checkTxtRecord(resolver, `${selector}._domainkey.${domain}`, 'v=DKIM1');
+
+    // DMARC check
+    doc.dnsStatus.dmarc = await this.checkTxtRecord(resolver, `_dmarc.${domain}`, 'v=DMARC1');
+
+    doc.dnsStatus.lastCheckedAt = new Date().toISOString();
+    doc.updatedAt = new Date().toISOString();
+    await doc.save();
+
+    return this.getRequiredDnsRecords(id);
+  }
+
+  private async checkMx(resolver: plugins.dns.promises.Resolver, domain: string): Promise<TDnsRecordStatus> {
+    try {
+      const records = await resolver.resolveMx(domain);
+      return records && records.length > 0 ? 'valid' : 'missing';
+    } catch {
+      return 'missing';
+    }
+  }
+
+  private async checkTxtRecord(
+    resolver: plugins.dns.promises.Resolver,
+    name: string,
+    prefix: string,
+  ): Promise<TDnsRecordStatus> {
+    try {
+      const records = await resolver.resolveTxt(name);
+      const flat = records.map((r) => r.join(''));
+      const found = flat.some((r) => r.startsWith(prefix));
+      return found ? 'valid' : 'missing';
+    } catch {
+      return 'missing';
+    }
+  }
+
+  // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // Helpers
+  // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  private docToInterface(doc: EmailDomainDoc): IEmailDomain {
+    return {
+      id: doc.id,
+      domain: doc.domain,
+      linkedDomainId: doc.linkedDomainId,
+      subdomain: doc.subdomain,
+      dkim: doc.dkim,
+      rateLimits: doc.rateLimits,
+      dnsStatus: doc.dnsStatus,
+      createdAt: doc.createdAt,
+      updatedAt: doc.updatedAt,
+    };
+  }
+}
--- a/ts/email/index.ts
+++ b/ts/email/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export * from './classes.email-domain.manager.js';
--- a/ts/opsserver/classes.opsserver.ts
+++ b/ts/opsserver/classes.opsserver.ts
@@ -36,6 +36,8 @@ export class OpsServer {
  private dnsProviderHandler!: handlers.DnsProviderHandler;
  private domainHandler!: handlers.DomainHandler;
  private dnsRecordHandler!: handlers.DnsRecordHandler;
+  private acmeConfigHandler!: handlers.AcmeConfigHandler;
+  private emailDomainHandler!: handlers.EmailDomainHandler;

  constructor(dcRouterRefArg: DcRouter) {
    this.dcRouterRef = dcRouterRefArg;
@@ -102,6 +104,8 @@ export class OpsServer {
    this.dnsProviderHandler = new handlers.DnsProviderHandler(this);
    this.domainHandler = new handlers.DomainHandler(this);
    this.dnsRecordHandler = new handlers.DnsRecordHandler(this);
+    this.acmeConfigHandler = new handlers.AcmeConfigHandler(this);
+    this.emailDomainHandler = new handlers.EmailDomainHandler(this);

    console.log('✅ OpsServer TypedRequest handlers initialized');
  }
--- a/ts/opsserver/handlers/acme-config.handler.ts
+++ b/ts/opsserver/handlers/acme-config.handler.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+import * as plugins from '../../plugins.js';
+import type { OpsServer } from '../classes.opsserver.js';
+import * as interfaces from '../../../ts_interfaces/index.js';
+
+/**
+ * CRUD handler for the singleton `AcmeConfigDoc`.
+ *
+ * Auth: same dual-mode pattern as other handlers — admin JWT or API token
+ * with `acme-config:read` / `acme-config:write` scope.
+ */
+export class AcmeConfigHandler {
+  public typedrouter = new plugins.typedrequest.TypedRouter();
+
+  constructor(private opsServerRef: OpsServer) {
+    this.opsServerRef.typedrouter.addTypedRouter(this.typedrouter);
+    this.registerHandlers();
+  }
+
+  private async requireAuth(
+    request: { identity?: interfaces.data.IIdentity; apiToken?: string },
+    requiredScope?: interfaces.data.TApiTokenScope,
+  ): Promise<string> {
+    if (request.identity?.jwt) {
+      try {
+        const isAdmin = await this.opsServerRef.adminHandler.adminIdentityGuard.exec({
+          identity: request.identity,
+        });
+        if (isAdmin) return request.identity.userId;
+      } catch { /* fall through */ }
+    }
+
+    if (request.apiToken) {
+      const tokenManager = this.opsServerRef.dcRouterRef.apiTokenManager;
+      if (tokenManager) {
+        const token = await tokenManager.validateToken(request.apiToken);
+        if (token) {
+          if (!requiredScope || tokenManager.hasScope(token, requiredScope)) {
+            return token.createdBy;
+          }
+          throw new plugins.typedrequest.TypedResponseError('insufficient scope');
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    throw new plugins.typedrequest.TypedResponseError('unauthorized');
+  }
+
+  private registerHandlers(): void {
+    // Get current ACME config
+    this.typedrouter.addTypedHandler(
+      new plugins.typedrequest.TypedHandler<interfaces.requests.IReq_GetAcmeConfig>(
+        'getAcmeConfig',
+        async (dataArg) => {
+          await this.requireAuth(dataArg, 'acme-config:read');
+          const mgr = this.opsServerRef.dcRouterRef.acmeConfigManager;
+          if (!mgr) return { config: null };
+          return { config: mgr.getConfig() };
+        },
+      ),
+    );
+
+    // Update (upsert) the ACME config
+    this.typedrouter.addTypedHandler(
+      new plugins.typedrequest.TypedHandler<interfaces.requests.IReq_UpdateAcmeConfig>(
+        'updateAcmeConfig',
+        async (dataArg) => {
+          const userId = await this.requireAuth(dataArg, 'acme-config:write');
+          const mgr = this.opsServerRef.dcRouterRef.acmeConfigManager;
+          if (!mgr) {
+            return {
+              success: false,
+              message: 'AcmeConfigManager not initialized (DB disabled?)',
+            };
+          }
+          try {
+            const updated = await mgr.updateConfig(
+              {
+                accountEmail: dataArg.accountEmail,
+                enabled: dataArg.enabled,
+                useProduction: dataArg.useProduction,
+                autoRenew: dataArg.autoRenew,
+                renewThresholdDays: dataArg.renewThresholdDays,
+              },
+              userId,
+            );
+            return { success: true, config: updated };
+          } catch (err: unknown) {
+            return { success: false, message: (err as Error).message };
+          }
+        },
+      ),
+    );
+  }
+}
--- a/ts/opsserver/handlers/config.handler.ts
+++ b/ts/opsserver/handlers/config.handler.ts
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ export class ConfigHandler {
    // (replaces the legacy `dnsChallenge.cloudflareApiKey` constructor field).
    let dnsChallengeEnabled = false;
    try {
-      dnsChallengeEnabled = (await dcRouter.dnsManager?.hasAcmeCapableProvider()) ?? false;
+      dnsChallengeEnabled = (await dcRouter.dnsManager?.hasAnyManagedDomain()) ?? false;
    } catch {
      dnsChallengeEnabled = false;
    }
--- a/ts/opsserver/handlers/dns-provider.handler.ts
+++ b/ts/opsserver/handlers/dns-provider.handler.ts
@@ -46,15 +46,28 @@ export class DnsProviderHandler {
  }

  private registerHandlers(): void {
-    // Get all providers
+    // Get all providers — prepends the built-in DcRouter pseudo-provider
+    // so operators see a uniform "who serves this?" list that includes the
+    // authoritative dcrouter alongside external accounts.
    this.typedrouter.addTypedHandler(
      new plugins.typedrequest.TypedHandler<interfaces.requests.IReq_GetDnsProviders>(
        'getDnsProviders',
        async (dataArg) => {
          await this.requireAuth(dataArg, 'dns-providers:read');
          const dnsManager = this.opsServerRef.dcRouterRef.dnsManager;
-          if (!dnsManager) return { providers: [] };
-          return { providers: await dnsManager.listProviders() };
+          const synthetic: interfaces.data.IDnsProviderPublic = {
+            id: interfaces.data.DCROUTER_BUILTIN_PROVIDER_ID,
+            name: 'DcRouter',
+            type: 'dcrouter',
+            status: 'ok',
+            createdAt: 0,
+            updatedAt: 0,
+            createdBy: 'system',
+            hasCredentials: false,
+            builtIn: true,
+          };
+          const real = dnsManager ? await dnsManager.listProviders() : [];
+          return { providers: [synthetic, ...real] };
        },
      ),
    );
@@ -78,6 +91,12 @@ export class DnsProviderHandler {
        'createDnsProvider',
        async (dataArg) => {
          const userId = await this.requireAuth(dataArg, 'dns-providers:write');
+          if (dataArg.type === 'dcrouter') {
+            return {
+              success: false,
+              message: 'cannot create built-in provider',
+            };
+          }
          const dnsManager = this.opsServerRef.dcRouterRef.dnsManager;
          if (!dnsManager) {
            return { success: false, message: 'DnsManager not initialized (DB disabled?)' };
@@ -99,6 +118,9 @@ export class DnsProviderHandler {
        'updateDnsProvider',
        async (dataArg) => {
          await this.requireAuth(dataArg, 'dns-providers:write');
+          if (dataArg.id === interfaces.data.DCROUTER_BUILTIN_PROVIDER_ID) {
+            return { success: false, message: 'cannot edit built-in provider' };
+          }
          const dnsManager = this.opsServerRef.dcRouterRef.dnsManager;
          if (!dnsManager) return { success: false, message: 'DnsManager not initialized' };
          const ok = await dnsManager.updateProvider(dataArg.id, {
@@ -116,6 +138,9 @@ export class DnsProviderHandler {
        'deleteDnsProvider',
        async (dataArg) => {
          await this.requireAuth(dataArg, 'dns-providers:write');
+          if (dataArg.id === interfaces.data.DCROUTER_BUILTIN_PROVIDER_ID) {
+            return { success: false, message: 'cannot delete built-in provider' };
+          }
          const dnsManager = this.opsServerRef.dcRouterRef.dnsManager;
          if (!dnsManager) return { success: false, message: 'DnsManager not initialized' };
          return await dnsManager.deleteProvider(dataArg.id, dataArg.force ?? false);
@@ -129,6 +154,13 @@ export class DnsProviderHandler {
        'testDnsProvider',
        async (dataArg) => {
          await this.requireAuth(dataArg, 'dns-providers:read');
+          if (dataArg.id === interfaces.data.DCROUTER_BUILTIN_PROVIDER_ID) {
+            return {
+              ok: false,
+              error: 'built-in provider has no external connection to test',
+              testedAt: Date.now(),
+            };
+          }
          const dnsManager = this.opsServerRef.dcRouterRef.dnsManager;
          if (!dnsManager) {
            return { ok: false, error: 'DnsManager not initialized', testedAt: Date.now() };
@@ -144,6 +176,12 @@ export class DnsProviderHandler {
        'listProviderDomains',
        async (dataArg) => {
          await this.requireAuth(dataArg, 'dns-providers:read');
+          if (dataArg.providerId === interfaces.data.DCROUTER_BUILTIN_PROVIDER_ID) {
+            return {
+              success: false,
+              message: 'built-in provider has no external domain listing — use "Add DcRouter Domain" instead',
+            };
+          }
          const dnsManager = this.opsServerRef.dcRouterRef.dnsManager;
          if (!dnsManager) return { success: false, message: 'DnsManager not initialized' };
          try {
--- a/ts/opsserver/handlers/domain.handler.ts
+++ b/ts/opsserver/handlers/domain.handler.ts
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ export class DomainHandler {
      ),
    );

-    // Create manual domain
+    // Create dcrouter-hosted domain
    this.typedrouter.addTypedHandler(
      new plugins.typedrequest.TypedHandler<interfaces.requests.IReq_CreateDomain>(
        'createDomain',
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ export class DomainHandler {
          const dnsManager = this.opsServerRef.dcRouterRef.dnsManager;
          if (!dnsManager) return { success: false, message: 'DnsManager not initialized' };
          try {
-            const id = await dnsManager.createManualDomain({
+            const id = await dnsManager.createDcrouterDomain({
              name: dataArg.name,
              description: dataArg.description,
              createdBy: userId,
@@ -157,5 +157,23 @@ export class DomainHandler {
        },
      ),
    );
+
+    // Migrate domain between dcrouter-hosted and provider-managed
+    this.typedrouter.addTypedHandler(
+      new plugins.typedrequest.TypedHandler<interfaces.requests.IReq_MigrateDomain>(
+        'migrateDomain',
+        async (dataArg) => {
+          await this.requireAuth(dataArg, 'domains:write');
+          const dnsManager = this.opsServerRef.dcRouterRef.dnsManager;
+          if (!dnsManager) return { success: false, message: 'DnsManager not initialized' };
+          return await dnsManager.migrateDomain({
+            id: dataArg.id,
+            targetSource: dataArg.targetSource,
+            targetProviderId: dataArg.targetProviderId,
+            deleteExistingProviderRecords: dataArg.deleteExistingProviderRecords,
+          });
+        },
+      ),
+    );
  }
 }
--- a/ts/opsserver/handlers/email-domain.handler.ts
+++ b/ts/opsserver/handlers/email-domain.handler.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+import * as plugins from '../../plugins.js';
+import type { OpsServer } from '../classes.opsserver.js';
+import * as interfaces from '../../../ts_interfaces/index.js';
+
+/**
+ * CRUD + DNS provisioning handler for email domains.
+ *
+ * Auth: admin JWT or API token with `email-domains:read` / `email-domains:write` scope.
+ */
+export class EmailDomainHandler {
+  public typedrouter = new plugins.typedrequest.TypedRouter();
+
+  constructor(private opsServerRef: OpsServer) {
+    this.opsServerRef.typedrouter.addTypedRouter(this.typedrouter);
+    this.registerHandlers();
+  }
+
+  private async requireAuth(
+    request: { identity?: interfaces.data.IIdentity; apiToken?: string },
+    requiredScope?: interfaces.data.TApiTokenScope,
+  ): Promise<string> {
+    if (request.identity?.jwt) {
+      try {
+        const isAdmin = await this.opsServerRef.adminHandler.adminIdentityGuard.exec({
+          identity: request.identity,
+        });
+        if (isAdmin) return request.identity.userId;
+      } catch { /* fall through */ }
+    }
+
+    if (request.apiToken) {
+      const tokenManager = this.opsServerRef.dcRouterRef.apiTokenManager;
+      if (tokenManager) {
+        const token = await tokenManager.validateToken(request.apiToken);
+        if (token) {
+          if (!requiredScope || tokenManager.hasScope(token, requiredScope)) {
+            return token.createdBy;
+          }
+          throw new plugins.typedrequest.TypedResponseError('insufficient scope');
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    throw new plugins.typedrequest.TypedResponseError('unauthorized');
+  }
+
+  private get manager() {
+    return this.opsServerRef.dcRouterRef.emailDomainManager;
+  }
+
+  private registerHandlers(): void {
+    // List all email domains
+    this.typedrouter.addTypedHandler(
+      new plugins.typedrequest.TypedHandler<interfaces.requests.IReq_GetEmailDomains>(
+        'getEmailDomains',
+        async (dataArg) => {
+          await this.requireAuth(dataArg, 'email-domains:read' as any);
+          if (!this.manager) return { domains: [] };
+          return { domains: await this.manager.getAll() };
+        },
+      ),
+    );
+
+    // Get single email domain
+    this.typedrouter.addTypedHandler(
+      new plugins.typedrequest.TypedHandler<interfaces.requests.IReq_GetEmailDomain>(
+        'getEmailDomain',
+        async (dataArg) => {
+          await this.requireAuth(dataArg, 'email-domains:read' as any);
+          if (!this.manager) return { domain: null };
+          return { domain: await this.manager.getById(dataArg.id) };
+        },
+      ),
+    );
+
+    // Create email domain
+    this.typedrouter.addTypedHandler(
+      new plugins.typedrequest.TypedHandler<interfaces.requests.IReq_CreateEmailDomain>(
+        'createEmailDomain',
+        async (dataArg) => {
+          await this.requireAuth(dataArg, 'email-domains:write' as any);
+          if (!this.manager) {
+            return { success: false, message: 'EmailDomainManager not initialized' };
+          }
+          try {
+            const domain = await this.manager.createEmailDomain({
+              linkedDomainId: dataArg.linkedDomainId,
+              subdomain: dataArg.subdomain,
+              dkimSelector: dataArg.dkimSelector,
+              dkimKeySize: dataArg.dkimKeySize,
+              rotateKeys: dataArg.rotateKeys,
+              rotationIntervalDays: dataArg.rotationIntervalDays,
+            });
+            return { success: true, domain };
+          } catch (err: unknown) {
+            return { success: false, message: (err as Error).message };
+          }
+        },
+      ),
+    );
+
+    // Update email domain
+    this.typedrouter.addTypedHandler(
+      new plugins.typedrequest.TypedHandler<interfaces.requests.IReq_UpdateEmailDomain>(
+        'updateEmailDomain',
+        async (dataArg) => {
+          await this.requireAuth(dataArg, 'email-domains:write' as any);
+          if (!this.manager) {
+            return { success: false, message: 'EmailDomainManager not initialized' };
+          }
+          try {
+            await this.manager.updateEmailDomain(dataArg.id, {
+              rotateKeys: dataArg.rotateKeys,
+              rotationIntervalDays: dataArg.rotationIntervalDays,
+              rateLimits: dataArg.rateLimits,
+            });
+            return { success: true };
+          } catch (err: unknown) {
+            return { success: false, message: (err as Error).message };
+          }
+        },
+      ),
+    );
+
+    // Delete email domain
+    this.typedrouter.addTypedHandler(
+      new plugins.typedrequest.TypedHandler<interfaces.requests.IReq_DeleteEmailDomain>(
+        'deleteEmailDomain',
+        async (dataArg) => {
+          await this.requireAuth(dataArg, 'email-domains:write' as any);
+          if (!this.manager) {
+            return { success: false, message: 'EmailDomainManager not initialized' };
+          }
+          try {
+            await this.manager.deleteEmailDomain(dataArg.id);
+            return { success: true };
+          } catch (err: unknown) {
+            return { success: false, message: (err as Error).message };
+          }
+        },
+      ),
+    );
+
+    // Validate DNS records
+    this.typedrouter.addTypedHandler(
+      new plugins.typedrequest.TypedHandler<interfaces.requests.IReq_ValidateEmailDomain>(
+        'validateEmailDomain',
+        async (dataArg) => {
+          await this.requireAuth(dataArg, 'email-domains:read' as any);
+          if (!this.manager) {
+            return { success: false, message: 'EmailDomainManager not initialized' };
+          }
+          try {
+            const records = await this.manager.validateDns(dataArg.id);
+            const domain = await this.manager.getById(dataArg.id);
+            return { success: true, domain: domain ?? undefined, records };
+          } catch (err: unknown) {
+            return { success: false, message: (err as Error).message };
+          }
+        },
+      ),
+    );
+
+    // Get required DNS records
+    this.typedrouter.addTypedHandler(
+      new plugins.typedrequest.TypedHandler<interfaces.requests.IReq_GetEmailDomainDnsRecords>(
+        'getEmailDomainDnsRecords',
+        async (dataArg) => {
+          await this.requireAuth(dataArg, 'email-domains:read' as any);
+          if (!this.manager) return { records: [] };
+          return { records: await this.manager.getRequiredDnsRecords(dataArg.id) };
+        },
+      ),
+    );
+
+    // Auto-provision DNS records
+    this.typedrouter.addTypedHandler(
+      new plugins.typedrequest.TypedHandler<interfaces.requests.IReq_ProvisionEmailDomainDns>(
+        'provisionEmailDomainDns',
+        async (dataArg) => {
+          await this.requireAuth(dataArg, 'email-domains:write' as any);
+          if (!this.manager) {
+            return { success: false, message: 'EmailDomainManager not initialized' };
+          }
+          try {
+            const provisioned = await this.manager.provisionDnsRecords(dataArg.id);
+            return { success: true, provisioned };
+          } catch (err: unknown) {
+            return { success: false, message: (err as Error).message };
+          }
+        },
+      ),
+    );
+  }
+}
--- a/ts/opsserver/handlers/index.ts
+++ b/ts/opsserver/handlers/index.ts
@@ -16,4 +16,6 @@ export * from './network-target.handler.js';
 export * from './users.handler.js';
 export * from './dns-provider.handler.js';
 export * from './domain.handler.js';
-export * from './dns-record.handler.js';
+export * from './dns-record.handler.js';
+export * from './acme-config.handler.js';
+export * from './email-domain.handler.js';
--- a/ts_interfaces/data/acme-config.ts
+++ b/ts_interfaces/data/acme-config.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/**
+ * ACME configuration for automated TLS certificate issuance via Let's Encrypt.
+ *
+ * Persisted as a singleton `AcmeConfigDoc` in the DcRouterDb. Replaces the
+ * legacy constructor fields `tls.contactEmail` / `smartProxyConfig.acme.*`
+ * which are now seed-only (used once on first boot if the DB is empty).
+ *
+ * Managed via the OpsServer UI at **Domains > Certificates > Settings**.
+ */
+export interface IAcmeConfig {
+  /** Contact email used for Let's Encrypt account registration. */
+  accountEmail: string;
+  /** Whether ACME is enabled. If false, no certs are issued via ACME. */
+  enabled: boolean;
+  /** True = Let's Encrypt production, false = staging. */
+  useProduction: boolean;
+  /** Whether to automatically renew certs before expiry. */
+  autoRenew: boolean;
+  /** Renew when a cert has fewer than this many days of validity left. */
+  renewThresholdDays: number;
+  /** Unix ms timestamp of last config change. */
+  updatedAt: number;
+  /** Who last updated the config (userId or 'seed' / 'system'). */
+  updatedBy: string;
+}
--- a/ts_interfaces/data/dns-provider.ts
+++ b/ts_interfaces/data/dns-provider.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,28 @@
 /**
- * Supported DNS provider types. Initially Cloudflare; the abstraction is
- * designed so additional providers (Route53, Gandi, DigitalOcean…) can be
- * added by implementing the IDnsProvider class interface in ts/dns/providers/.
+ * Stable ID for the built-in DcRouter pseudo-provider. The Providers list
+ * surfaces this as the first, non-deletable row so operators see a uniform
+ * "who serves this?" answer for every domain. The ID is magic — it never
+ * exists in the DnsProviderDoc collection; handlers inject it at read time
+ * and reject any mutation that targets it.
 */
-export type TDnsProviderType = 'cloudflare';
+export const DCROUTER_BUILTIN_PROVIDER_ID = '__dcrouter__';
+
+/**
+ * Supported DNS provider types.
+ *
+ * - 'cloudflare' → Cloudflare account (API token-based). Provider stays
+ *                  authoritative; dcrouter pushes record changes via API.
+ * - 'dcrouter'   → Built-in pseudo-provider for dcrouter-hosted zones.
+ *                  dcrouter itself is the authoritative DNS server. No
+ *                  credentials, cannot be created/edited/deleted through
+ *                  the provider CRUD — the Providers view renders it from
+ *                  a handler-level synthetic row.
+ *
+ * The abstraction is designed so additional providers (Route53, Gandi,
+ * DigitalOcean, foreign dcrouters…) can be added by implementing the
+ * IDnsProvider class interface in ts/dns/providers/.
+ */
+export type TDnsProviderType = 'cloudflare' | 'dcrouter';

 /**
 * Status of the last connection test against a provider.
@@ -58,6 +77,12 @@ export interface IDnsProviderPublic {
  createdBy: string;
  /** Whether credentials are configured (true after creation). Never the secret itself. */
  hasCredentials: boolean;
+  /**
+   * True for the built-in DcRouter pseudo-provider — read-only, cannot be
+   * created / edited / deleted. Injected by the handler layer, never
+   * persisted in the DnsProviderDoc collection.
+   */
+  builtIn?: boolean;
 }

 /**
@@ -114,11 +139,18 @@ export interface IDnsProviderTypeDescriptor {
 * credentials each one needs. Used by both backend and frontend.
 */
 export const dnsProviderTypeDescriptors: ReadonlyArray<IDnsProviderTypeDescriptor> = [
+  {
+    type: 'dcrouter',
+    displayName: 'DcRouter (built-in)',
+    description:
+      'Built-in authoritative DNS. Records are served directly by dcrouter — delegate the domain\'s NS records to make this effective.',
+    credentialFields: [],
+  },
  {
    type: 'cloudflare',
    displayName: 'Cloudflare',
    description:
-      'Manages records via the Cloudflare API. Provider stays authoritative; dcrouter pushes record changes.',
+      'External DNS provider. The provider stays authoritative; dcrouter pushes record changes via its API.',
    credentialFields: [
      {
        key: 'apiToken',
--- a/ts_interfaces/data/dns-record.ts
+++ b/ts_interfaces/data/dns-record.ts
@@ -6,16 +6,18 @@ export type TDnsRecordType = 'A' | 'AAAA' | 'CNAME' | 'MX' | 'TXT' | 'NS' | 'SOA
 /**
 * Where a DNS record came from.
 *
- * - 'manual' → created in the dcrouter UI / API
- * - 'synced' → pulled from a provider during a sync operation
+ * - 'local'  → originated in this dcrouter (created via UI / API)
+ * - 'synced' → pulled from an upstream provider (Cloudflare, foreign
+ *              dcrouter, …) during a sync operation
 */
-export type TDnsRecordSource = 'manual' | 'synced';
+export type TDnsRecordSource = 'local' | 'synced';

 /**
- * A DNS record. For manual (authoritative) domains, the record is registered
- * with the embedded smartdns.DnsServer. For provider-managed domains, the
- * record is mirrored from / pushed to the provider API and `providerRecordId`
- * holds the provider's internal record id (for updates and deletes).
+ * A DNS record. For dcrouter-hosted (authoritative) domains, the record is
+ * registered with the embedded smartdns.DnsServer. For provider-managed
+ * domains, the record is mirrored from / pushed to the provider API and
+ * `providerRecordId` holds the provider's internal record id (for updates
+ * and deletes).
 */
 export interface IDnsRecord {
  id: string;
--- a/ts_interfaces/data/domain.ts
+++ b/ts_interfaces/data/domain.ts
@@ -1,14 +1,15 @@
 /**
 * Where a domain came from / how it is managed.
 *
- * - 'manual'   → operator added the domain manually. dcrouter is the
- *               authoritative DNS server for it; records are served by
- *               the embedded smartdns.DnsServer.
+ * - 'dcrouter' → dcrouter is the authoritative DNS server for this domain;
+ *                records are served by the embedded smartdns.DnsServer.
+ *                Operators delegate the domain's NS records to make this
+ *                effective.
 * - 'provider' → domain was imported from an external DNS provider
- *               (e.g. Cloudflare). The provider stays authoritative;
- *               dcrouter only reads/writes records via the provider API.
+ *                (e.g. Cloudflare). The provider stays authoritative;
+ *                dcrouter only reads/writes records via the provider API.
 */
-export type TDomainSource = 'manual' | 'provider';
+export type TDomainSource = 'dcrouter' | 'provider';

 /**
 * A domain under management by dcrouter.
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ export interface IDomain {
  source: TDomainSource;
  /** ID of the DnsProvider that owns this domain — only set when source === 'provider'. */
  providerId?: string;
-  /** True when dcrouter is the authoritative DNS server for this domain (source === 'manual'). */
+  /** True when dcrouter is the authoritative DNS server for this domain (source === 'dcrouter'). */
  authoritative: boolean;
  /** Authoritative nameservers (display only — populated from provider for imported domains). */
  nameservers?: string[];
--- a/ts_interfaces/data/email-domain.ts
+++ b/ts_interfaces/data/email-domain.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+/**
+ * DNS record validation status for a single email-related record (MX, SPF, DKIM, DMARC).
+ */
+export type TDnsRecordStatus = 'valid' | 'missing' | 'invalid' | 'unchecked';
+
+/**
+ * An email domain managed by dcrouter.
+ *
+ * Each email domain is linked to an existing dcrouter DNS domain (dcrouter-hosted
+ * or provider-managed). The DNS management path is inherited from the linked domain
+ * — no separate DNS mode is needed.
+ */
+export interface IEmailDomain {
+  id: string;
+  /** Fully qualified email domain name (e.g. 'example.com' or 'mail.example.com'). */
+  domain: string;
+  /** ID of the linked dcrouter DNS domain — determines how DNS records are managed. */
+  linkedDomainId: string;
+  /** Optional subdomain prefix (e.g. 'mail' for mail.example.com). Empty/undefined = bare domain. */
+  subdomain?: string;
+  /** DKIM configuration and key state. */
+  dkim: IEmailDomainDkim;
+  /** Optional per-domain rate limits. */
+  rateLimits?: IEmailDomainRateLimits;
+  /** DNS record validation status — populated by validateDns(). */
+  dnsStatus: IEmailDomainDnsStatus;
+  createdAt: string;
+  updatedAt: string;
+}
+
+export interface IEmailDomainDkim {
+  /** DKIM selector (default: 'default'). */
+  selector: string;
+  /** RSA key size in bits (default: 2048). */
+  keySize: number;
+  /** Base64-encoded public key — populated after key generation. */
+  publicKey?: string;
+  /** Whether automatic key rotation is enabled. */
+  rotateKeys: boolean;
+  /** Days between key rotations (default: 90). */
+  rotationIntervalDays: number;
+  /** ISO date of last key rotation. */
+  lastRotatedAt?: string;
+}
+
+export interface IEmailDomainRateLimits {
+  outbound?: {
+    messagesPerMinute?: number;
+    messagesPerHour?: number;
+    messagesPerDay?: number;
+  };
+  inbound?: {
+    messagesPerMinute?: number;
+    connectionsPerIp?: number;
+    recipientsPerMessage?: number;
+  };
+}
+
+export interface IEmailDomainDnsStatus {
+  mx: TDnsRecordStatus;
+  spf: TDnsRecordStatus;
+  dkim: TDnsRecordStatus;
+  dmarc: TDnsRecordStatus;
+  lastCheckedAt?: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * A single required DNS record for an email domain — used for display / copy-paste.
+ */
+export interface IEmailDnsRecord {
+  type: 'MX' | 'TXT';
+  name: string;
+  value: string;
+  status: TDnsRecordStatus;
+}
--- a/ts_interfaces/data/index.ts
+++ b/ts_interfaces/data/index.ts
@@ -6,4 +6,6 @@ export * from './target-profile.js';
 export * from './vpn.js';
 export * from './dns-provider.js';
 export * from './domain.js';
-export * from './dns-record.js';
+export * from './dns-record.js';
+export * from './acme-config.js';
+export * from './email-domain.js';
--- a/ts_interfaces/data/route-management.ts
+++ b/ts_interfaces/data/route-management.ts
@@ -17,7 +17,8 @@ export type TApiTokenScope =
  | 'targets:read' | 'targets:write'
  | 'dns-providers:read' | 'dns-providers:write'
  | 'domains:read' | 'domains:write'
-  | 'dns-records:read' | 'dns-records:write';
+  | 'dns-records:read' | 'dns-records:write'
+  | 'acme-config:read' | 'acme-config:write';

 // ============================================================================
 // Source Profile Types (source-side: who can access)
--- a/ts_interfaces/requests/acme-config.ts
+++ b/ts_interfaces/requests/acme-config.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+import * as plugins from '../plugins.js';
+import type * as authInterfaces from '../data/auth.js';
+import type { IAcmeConfig } from '../data/acme-config.js';
+
+// ============================================================================
+// ACME Config Endpoints
+// ============================================================================
+
+/**
+ * Get the current ACME configuration. Returns null if no config has been
+ * set yet (neither from DB nor seeded from the constructor).
+ */
+export interface IReq_GetAcmeConfig extends plugins.typedrequestInterfaces.implementsTR<
+  plugins.typedrequestInterfaces.ITypedRequest,
+  IReq_GetAcmeConfig
+> {
+  method: 'getAcmeConfig';
+  request: {
+    identity?: authInterfaces.IIdentity;
+    apiToken?: string;
+  };
+  response: {
+    config: IAcmeConfig | null;
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Update the ACME configuration (upsert). All fields are required on first
+ * create, optional on subsequent updates (partial update).
+ *
+ * NOTE: Most fields take effect on the next dcrouter restart — SmartAcme is
+ * instantiated once at startup. `renewThresholdDays` applies immediately to
+ * the next renewal check.
+ */
+export interface IReq_UpdateAcmeConfig extends plugins.typedrequestInterfaces.implementsTR<
+  plugins.typedrequestInterfaces.ITypedRequest,
+  IReq_UpdateAcmeConfig
+> {
+  method: 'updateAcmeConfig';
+  request: {
+    identity?: authInterfaces.IIdentity;
+    apiToken?: string;
+    accountEmail?: string;
+    enabled?: boolean;
+    useProduction?: boolean;
+    autoRenew?: boolean;
+    renewThresholdDays?: number;
+  };
+  response: {
+    success: boolean;
+    config?: IAcmeConfig;
+    message?: string;
+  };
+}
--- a/ts_interfaces/requests/dns-records.ts
+++ b/ts_interfaces/requests/dns-records.ts
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ export interface IReq_GetDnsRecord extends plugins.typedrequestInterfaces.implem
 /**
 * Create a new DNS record.
 *
- * For manual domains: registers the record with the embedded DnsServer.
+ * For dcrouter-hosted domains: registers the record with the embedded DnsServer.
 * For provider domains: pushes the record to the provider API.
 */
 export interface IReq_CreateDnsRecord extends plugins.typedrequestInterfaces.implementsTR<
--- a/ts_interfaces/requests/domains.ts
+++ b/ts_interfaces/requests/domains.ts
@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ export interface IReq_GetDomain extends plugins.typedrequestInterfaces.implement
 }

 /**
- * Create a manual (authoritative) domain. dcrouter will serve DNS
- * records for this domain via the embedded smartdns.DnsServer.
+ * Create a dcrouter-hosted (authoritative) domain. dcrouter will serve
+ * DNS records for this domain via the embedded smartdns.DnsServer.
 */
 export interface IReq_CreateDomain extends plugins.typedrequestInterfaces.implementsTR<
  plugins.typedrequestInterfaces.ITypedRequest,
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ export interface IReq_DeleteDomain extends plugins.typedrequestInterfaces.implem
 /**
 * Force-resync a provider-managed domain: re-pulls all records from the
 * provider API, replacing the cached DnsRecordDocs.
- * No-op for manual domains.
+ * No-op for dcrouter-hosted domains.
 */
 export interface IReq_SyncDomain extends plugins.typedrequestInterfaces.implementsTR<
  plugins.typedrequestInterfaces.ITypedRequest,
@@ -148,3 +148,31 @@ export interface IReq_SyncDomain extends plugins.typedrequestInterfaces.implemen
    message?: string;
  };
 }
+
+/**
+ * Migrate a domain between dcrouter-hosted and provider-managed (or between providers).
+ * Records are transferred to the target and the domain source/providerId are updated.
+ */
+export interface IReq_MigrateDomain extends plugins.typedrequestInterfaces.implementsTR<
+  plugins.typedrequestInterfaces.ITypedRequest,
+  IReq_MigrateDomain
+> {
+  method: 'migrateDomain';
+  request: {
+    identity?: authInterfaces.IIdentity;
+    apiToken?: string;
+    id: string;
+    /** Target source type. */
+    targetSource: import('../data/domain.js').TDomainSource;
+    /** Required when targetSource is 'provider'. */
+    targetProviderId?: string;
+    /** When migrating to a provider: delete all existing records at the provider first. */
+    deleteExistingProviderRecords?: boolean;
+  };
+  response: {
+    success: boolean;
+    /** Number of records migrated. */
+    recordsMigrated?: number;
+    message?: string;
+  };
+}
--- a/ts_interfaces/requests/email-domains.ts
+++ b/ts_interfaces/requests/email-domains.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+import * as plugins from '../plugins.js';
+import type * as authInterfaces from '../data/auth.js';
+import type { IEmailDomain, IEmailDnsRecord } from '../data/email-domain.js';
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Email Domain Endpoints
+// ============================================================================
+
+/**
+ * List all email domains.
+ */
+export interface IReq_GetEmailDomains extends plugins.typedrequestInterfaces.implementsTR<
+  plugins.typedrequestInterfaces.ITypedRequest,
+  IReq_GetEmailDomains
+> {
+  method: 'getEmailDomains';
+  request: {
+    identity?: authInterfaces.IIdentity;
+    apiToken?: string;
+  };
+  response: {
+    domains: IEmailDomain[];
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get a single email domain by id.
+ */
+export interface IReq_GetEmailDomain extends plugins.typedrequestInterfaces.implementsTR<
+  plugins.typedrequestInterfaces.ITypedRequest,
+  IReq_GetEmailDomain
+> {
+  method: 'getEmailDomain';
+  request: {
+    identity?: authInterfaces.IIdentity;
+    apiToken?: string;
+    id: string;
+  };
+  response: {
+    domain: IEmailDomain | null;
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create an email domain. Links to an existing dcrouter DNS domain.
+ * Generates DKIM keys and computes the required DNS records.
+ */
+export interface IReq_CreateEmailDomain extends plugins.typedrequestInterfaces.implementsTR<
+  plugins.typedrequestInterfaces.ITypedRequest,
+  IReq_CreateEmailDomain
+> {
+  method: 'createEmailDomain';
+  request: {
+    identity?: authInterfaces.IIdentity;
+    apiToken?: string;
+    /** ID of the existing dcrouter DNS domain to link to. */
+    linkedDomainId: string;
+    /** Optional subdomain prefix (e.g. 'mail' for mail.example.com). Leave empty for bare domain. */
+    subdomain?: string;
+    /** DKIM selector (default: 'default'). */
+    dkimSelector?: string;
+    /** RSA key size (default: 2048). */
+    dkimKeySize?: number;
+    /** Enable automatic key rotation (default: false). */
+    rotateKeys?: boolean;
+    /** Days between rotations (default: 90). */
+    rotationIntervalDays?: number;
+  };
+  response: {
+    success: boolean;
+    domain?: IEmailDomain;
+    message?: string;
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Update an email domain's configuration.
+ */
+export interface IReq_UpdateEmailDomain extends plugins.typedrequestInterfaces.implementsTR<
+  plugins.typedrequestInterfaces.ITypedRequest,
+  IReq_UpdateEmailDomain
+> {
+  method: 'updateEmailDomain';
+  request: {
+    identity?: authInterfaces.IIdentity;
+    apiToken?: string;
+    id: string;
+    rotateKeys?: boolean;
+    rotationIntervalDays?: number;
+    rateLimits?: IEmailDomain['rateLimits'];
+  };
+  response: {
+    success: boolean;
+    message?: string;
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Delete an email domain.
+ */
+export interface IReq_DeleteEmailDomain extends plugins.typedrequestInterfaces.implementsTR<
+  plugins.typedrequestInterfaces.ITypedRequest,
+  IReq_DeleteEmailDomain
+> {
+  method: 'deleteEmailDomain';
+  request: {
+    identity?: authInterfaces.IIdentity;
+    apiToken?: string;
+    id: string;
+  };
+  response: {
+    success: boolean;
+    message?: string;
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Trigger DNS validation for an email domain.
+ * Performs live lookups for MX, SPF, DKIM, and DMARC records.
+ */
+export interface IReq_ValidateEmailDomain extends plugins.typedrequestInterfaces.implementsTR<
+  plugins.typedrequestInterfaces.ITypedRequest,
+  IReq_ValidateEmailDomain
+> {
+  method: 'validateEmailDomain';
+  request: {
+    identity?: authInterfaces.IIdentity;
+    apiToken?: string;
+    id: string;
+  };
+  response: {
+    success: boolean;
+    domain?: IEmailDomain;
+    records?: IEmailDnsRecord[];
+    message?: string;
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get the required DNS records for an email domain (for display / copy-paste).
+ */
+export interface IReq_GetEmailDomainDnsRecords extends plugins.typedrequestInterfaces.implementsTR<
+  plugins.typedrequestInterfaces.ITypedRequest,
+  IReq_GetEmailDomainDnsRecords
+> {
+  method: 'getEmailDomainDnsRecords';
+  request: {
+    identity?: authInterfaces.IIdentity;
+    apiToken?: string;
+    id: string;
+  };
+  response: {
+    records: IEmailDnsRecord[];
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Auto-provision DNS records for an email domain.
+ * Creates any missing MX, SPF, DKIM, and DMARC records via the linked
+ * domain's DNS path (dcrouter zone or provider API).
+ */
+export interface IReq_ProvisionEmailDomainDns extends plugins.typedrequestInterfaces.implementsTR<
+  plugins.typedrequestInterfaces.ITypedRequest,
+  IReq_ProvisionEmailDomainDns
+> {
+  method: 'provisionEmailDomainDns';
+  request: {
+    identity?: authInterfaces.IIdentity;
+    apiToken?: string;
+    id: string;
+  };
+  response: {
+    success: boolean;
+    /** Number of records created. */
+    provisioned?: number;
+    message?: string;
+  };
+}
--- a/ts_interfaces/requests/index.ts
+++ b/ts_interfaces/requests/index.ts
@@ -16,4 +16,6 @@ export * from './network-targets.js';
 export * from './users.js';
 export * from './dns-providers.js';
 export * from './domains.js';
-export * from './dns-records.js';
+export * from './dns-records.js';
+export * from './acme-config.js';
+export * from './email-domains.js';
--- a/ts_migrations/index.ts
+++ b/ts_migrations/index.ts
@@ -64,6 +64,34 @@ export async function createMigrationRunner(
        migrated++;
      }
      ctx.log.log('info', `rename-target-profile-host-to-ip: migrated ${migrated} profile(s)`);
+    })
+    .step('rename-domain-source-manual-to-dcrouter')
+    .from('13.1.0').to('13.8.1')
+    .description('Rename DomainDoc.source value from "manual" to "dcrouter"')
+    .up(async (ctx) => {
+      const collection = ctx.mongo!.collection('domaindoc');
+      const result = await collection.updateMany(
+        { source: 'manual' },
+        { $set: { source: 'dcrouter' } },
+      );
+      ctx.log.log(
+        'info',
+        `rename-domain-source-manual-to-dcrouter: migrated ${result.modifiedCount} domain(s)`,
+      );
+    })
+    .step('rename-record-source-manual-to-local')
+    .from('13.8.1').to('13.8.2')
+    .description('Rename DnsRecordDoc.source value from "manual" to "local"')
+    .up(async (ctx) => {
+      const collection = ctx.mongo!.collection('dnsrecorddoc');
+      const result = await collection.updateMany(
+        { source: 'manual' },
+        { $set: { source: 'local' } },
+      );
+      ctx.log.log(
+        'info',
+        `rename-record-source-manual-to-local: migrated ${result.modifiedCount} record(s)`,
+      );
    });

  return migration;
--- a/ts_web/00_commitinfo_data.ts
+++ b/ts_web/00_commitinfo_data.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,6 @@
 */
 export const commitinfo = {
  name: '@serve.zone/dcrouter',
-  version: '13.7.1',
+  version: '13.13.0',
  description: 'A multifaceted routing service handling mail and SMS delivery functions.'
 }
--- a/ts_web/appstate.ts
+++ b/ts_web/appstate.ts
@@ -197,6 +197,28 @@ export const certificateStatePart = await appState.getStatePart<ICertificateStat
  'soft'
 );

+// ============================================================================
+// ACME Config State (DB-backed singleton, managed via Domains > Certificates)
+// ============================================================================
+
+export interface IAcmeConfigState {
+  config: interfaces.data.IAcmeConfig | null;
+  isLoading: boolean;
+  error: string | null;
+  lastUpdated: number;
+}
+
+export const acmeConfigStatePart = await appState.getStatePart<IAcmeConfigState>(
+  'acmeConfig',
+  {
+    config: null,
+    isLoading: false,
+    error: null,
+    lastUpdated: 0,
+  },
+  'soft',
+);
+
 // ============================================================================
 // Remote Ingress State
 // ============================================================================
@@ -1771,7 +1793,7 @@ export async function fetchProviderDomains(
  return await request.fire({ identity: context.identity, providerId });
 }

-export const createManualDomainAction = domainsStatePart.createAction<{
+export const createDcrouterDomainAction = domainsStatePart.createAction<{
  name: string;
  description?: string;
 }>(async (statePartArg, dataArg, actionContext): Promise<IDomainsState> => {
@@ -1865,6 +1887,32 @@ export const syncDomainAction = domainsStatePart.createAction<{ id: string }>(
  },
 );

+export const migrateDomainAction = domainsStatePart.createAction<{
+  id: string;
+  targetSource: interfaces.data.TDomainSource;
+  targetProviderId?: string;
+  deleteExistingProviderRecords?: boolean;
+}>(
+  async (statePartArg, dataArg, actionContext): Promise<IDomainsState> => {
+    const context = getActionContext();
+    try {
+      const request = new plugins.domtools.plugins.typedrequest.TypedRequest<
+        interfaces.requests.IReq_MigrateDomain
+      >('/typedrequest', 'migrateDomain');
+      const response = await request.fire({ identity: context.identity!, ...dataArg });
+      if (!response.success) {
+        return { ...statePartArg.getState()!, error: response.message || 'Migration failed' };
+      }
+      return await actionContext!.dispatch(fetchDomainsAndProvidersAction, null);
+    } catch (error: unknown) {
+      return {
+        ...statePartArg.getState()!,
+        error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Migration failed',
+      };
+    }
+  },
+);
+
 export const createDnsRecordAction = domainsStatePart.createAction<{
  domainId: string;
  name: string;
@@ -1953,6 +2001,72 @@ export const deleteDnsRecordAction = domainsStatePart.createAction<{ id: string;
  },
 );

+// ============================================================================
+// ACME Config Actions
+// ============================================================================
+
+export const fetchAcmeConfigAction = acmeConfigStatePart.createAction(
+  async (statePartArg): Promise<IAcmeConfigState> => {
+    const context = getActionContext();
+    const currentState = statePartArg.getState()!;
+    if (!context.identity) return currentState;
+
+    try {
+      const request = new plugins.domtools.plugins.typedrequest.TypedRequest<
+        interfaces.requests.IReq_GetAcmeConfig
+      >('/typedrequest', 'getAcmeConfig');
+      const response = await request.fire({ identity: context.identity });
+      return {
+        config: response.config,
+        isLoading: false,
+        error: null,
+        lastUpdated: Date.now(),
+      };
+    } catch (error: unknown) {
+      return {
+        ...currentState,
+        isLoading: false,
+        error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Failed to fetch ACME config',
+      };
+    }
+  },
+);
+
+export const updateAcmeConfigAction = acmeConfigStatePart.createAction<{
+  accountEmail?: string;
+  enabled?: boolean;
+  useProduction?: boolean;
+  autoRenew?: boolean;
+  renewThresholdDays?: number;
+}>(async (statePartArg, dataArg, actionContext): Promise<IAcmeConfigState> => {
+  const context = getActionContext();
+  try {
+    const request = new plugins.domtools.plugins.typedrequest.TypedRequest<
+      interfaces.requests.IReq_UpdateAcmeConfig
+    >('/typedrequest', 'updateAcmeConfig');
+    const response = await request.fire({
+      identity: context.identity!,
+      accountEmail: dataArg.accountEmail,
+      enabled: dataArg.enabled,
+      useProduction: dataArg.useProduction,
+      autoRenew: dataArg.autoRenew,
+      renewThresholdDays: dataArg.renewThresholdDays,
+    });
+    if (!response.success) {
+      return {
+        ...statePartArg.getState()!,
+        error: response.message || 'Failed to update ACME config',
+      };
+    }
+    return await actionContext!.dispatch(fetchAcmeConfigAction, null);
+  } catch (error: unknown) {
+    return {
+      ...statePartArg.getState()!,
+      error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Failed to update ACME config',
+    };
+  }
+});
+
 // ============================================================================
 // Route Management Actions
 // ============================================================================
@@ -2289,6 +2403,130 @@ export const toggleApiTokenAction = routeManagementStatePart.createAction<{
  }
 });

+// ============================================================================
+// Email Domains State
+// ============================================================================
+
+export interface IEmailDomainsState {
+  domains: interfaces.data.IEmailDomain[];
+  isLoading: boolean;
+  lastUpdated: number;
+}
+
+export const emailDomainsStatePart = await appState.getStatePart<IEmailDomainsState>(
+  'emailDomains',
+  {
+    domains: [],
+    isLoading: false,
+    lastUpdated: 0,
+  },
+  'soft',
+);
+
+export const fetchEmailDomainsAction = emailDomainsStatePart.createAction(
+  async (statePartArg): Promise<IEmailDomainsState> => {
+    const context = getActionContext();
+    const currentState = statePartArg.getState()!;
+    if (!context.identity) return currentState;
+
+    try {
+      const request = new plugins.domtools.plugins.typedrequest.TypedRequest<
+        interfaces.requests.IReq_GetEmailDomains
+      >('/typedrequest', 'getEmailDomains');
+      const response = await request.fire({ identity: context.identity });
+      return {
+        ...currentState,
+        domains: response.domains,
+        isLoading: false,
+        lastUpdated: Date.now(),
+      };
+    } catch {
+      return { ...currentState, isLoading: false };
+    }
+  },
+);
+
+export const createEmailDomainAction = emailDomainsStatePart.createAction<{
+  linkedDomainId: string;
+  subdomain?: string;
+  dkimSelector?: string;
+  dkimKeySize?: number;
+  rotateKeys?: boolean;
+  rotationIntervalDays?: number;
+}>(async (statePartArg, args, actionContext) => {
+  const context = getActionContext();
+  const currentState = statePartArg.getState()!;
+  try {
+    const request = new plugins.domtools.plugins.typedrequest.TypedRequest<
+      interfaces.requests.IReq_CreateEmailDomain
+    >('/typedrequest', 'createEmailDomain');
+    await request.fire({ identity: context.identity!, ...args });
+    return await actionContext!.dispatch(fetchEmailDomainsAction, null);
+  } catch {
+    return currentState;
+  }
+});
+
+export const deleteEmailDomainAction = emailDomainsStatePart.createAction<string>(
+  async (statePartArg, id, actionContext) => {
+    const context = getActionContext();
+    const currentState = statePartArg.getState()!;
+    try {
+      const request = new plugins.domtools.plugins.typedrequest.TypedRequest<
+        interfaces.requests.IReq_DeleteEmailDomain
+      >('/typedrequest', 'deleteEmailDomain');
+      await request.fire({ identity: context.identity!, id });
+      return await actionContext!.dispatch(fetchEmailDomainsAction, null);
+    } catch {
+      return currentState;
+    }
+  },
+);
+
+export const validateEmailDomainAction = emailDomainsStatePart.createAction<string>(
+  async (statePartArg, id, actionContext) => {
+    const context = getActionContext();
+    const currentState = statePartArg.getState()!;
+    try {
+      const request = new plugins.domtools.plugins.typedrequest.TypedRequest<
+        interfaces.requests.IReq_ValidateEmailDomain
+      >('/typedrequest', 'validateEmailDomain');
+      await request.fire({ identity: context.identity!, id });
+      return await actionContext!.dispatch(fetchEmailDomainsAction, null);
+    } catch {
+      return currentState;
+    }
+  },
+);
+
+export const provisionEmailDomainDnsAction = emailDomainsStatePart.createAction<string>(
+  async (statePartArg, id, actionContext) => {
+    const context = getActionContext();
+    const currentState = statePartArg.getState()!;
+    try {
+      const request = new plugins.domtools.plugins.typedrequest.TypedRequest<
+        interfaces.requests.IReq_ProvisionEmailDomainDns
+      >('/typedrequest', 'provisionEmailDomainDns');
+      await request.fire({ identity: context.identity!, id });
+      return await actionContext!.dispatch(fetchEmailDomainsAction, null);
+    } catch {
+      return currentState;
+    }
+  },
+);
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Email Domain Standalone Functions
+// ============================================================================
+
+export async function fetchEmailDomainDnsRecords(id: string) {
+  const context = getActionContext();
+  const request = new plugins.domtools.plugins.typedrequest.TypedRequest<
+    interfaces.requests.IReq_GetEmailDomainDnsRecords
+  >('/typedrequest', 'getEmailDomainDnsRecords');
+  return request.fire({ identity: context.identity!, id });
+}
+
 // ============================================================================
 // TypedSocket Client for Real-time Log Streaming
 // ============================================================================
--- a/ts_web/elements/access/ops-view-apitokens.ts
+++ b/ts_web/elements/access/ops-view-apitokens.ts
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ export class OpsViewApiTokens extends DeesElement {
            .suggestions=${allScopes}
            .required=${true}
          ></dees-input-tags>
-          <dees-input-text .key=${'expiresInDays'} .label=${'Expires in (days, blank = never)'}></dees-input-text>
+          <dees-input-text .key=${'expiresInDays'} .label=${'Expires in'} .description=${'Number of days; leave blank for no expiration'}></dees-input-text>
        </dees-form>
      `,
      menuOptions: [
--- a/ts_web/elements/domains/dns-provider-form.ts
+++ b/ts_web/elements/domains/dns-provider-form.ts
@@ -44,12 +44,15 @@ export class DnsProviderForm extends DeesElement {
  accessor providerName: string = '';

  /**
-   * Currently selected provider type. Initialized to the first descriptor;
-   * caller can override before mounting (e.g. for edit dialogs).
+   * Currently selected provider type. Initialized to the first user-creatable
+   * descriptor; caller can override before mounting (e.g. for edit dialogs).
+   * The built-in 'dcrouter' pseudo-provider is excluded from the picker —
+   * operators cannot create another one.
   */
  @state()
  accessor selectedType: interfaces.data.TDnsProviderType =
-    interfaces.data.dnsProviderTypeDescriptors[0]?.type ?? 'cloudflare';
+    interfaces.data.dnsProviderTypeDescriptors.find((d) => d.type !== 'dcrouter')?.type ??
+    'cloudflare';

  /** When true, hide the type picker — used in edit dialogs. */
  @property({ type: Boolean })
@@ -77,22 +80,6 @@ export class DnsProviderForm extends DeesElement {
        margin-bottom: 12px;
      }

-      .helpText {
-        font-size: 12px;
-        opacity: 0.7;
-        margin-top: -6px;
-        margin-bottom: 8px;
-      }
-
-      .typeDescription {
-        font-size: 12px;
-        opacity: 0.8;
-        margin: 4px 0 16px;
-        padding: 8px 12px;
-        background: ${cssManager.bdTheme('#f3f4f6', '#1f2937')};
-        border-radius: 6px;
-      }
-
      .credentialsHint {
        font-size: 12px;
        opacity: 0.7;
@@ -102,7 +89,12 @@ export class DnsProviderForm extends DeesElement {
  ];

  public render(): TemplateResult {
-    const descriptors = interfaces.data.dnsProviderTypeDescriptors;
+    // Exclude the built-in 'dcrouter' pseudo-provider from the type picker —
+    // operators cannot create another one, it's surfaced at read time by the
+    // backend handler instead.
+    const descriptors = interfaces.data.dnsProviderTypeDescriptors.filter(
+      (d) => d.type !== 'dcrouter',
+    );
    const descriptor = interfaces.data.getDnsProviderTypeDescriptor(this.selectedType);

    return html`
@@ -122,6 +114,7 @@ export class DnsProviderForm extends DeesElement {
                <dees-input-text
                  .key=${'__type_display'}
                  .label=${'Type'}
+                  .infoText=${descriptor?.description || ''}
                  .value=${descriptor?.displayName ?? this.selectedType}
                  .disabled=${true}
                ></dees-input-text>
@@ -132,6 +125,7 @@ export class DnsProviderForm extends DeesElement {
                <dees-input-dropdown
                  .key=${'__type'}
                  .label=${'Provider type'}
+                  .infoText=${descriptor?.description || ''}
                  .options=${descriptors.map((d) => ({ option: d.displayName, key: d.type }))}
                  .selectedOption=${descriptor
                    ? { option: descriptor.displayName, key: descriptor.type }
@@ -150,7 +144,6 @@ export class DnsProviderForm extends DeesElement {
            `}
        ${descriptor
          ? html`
-              <div class="typeDescription">${descriptor.description}</div>
              ${this.credentialsHint
                ? html`<div class="credentialsHint">${this.credentialsHint}</div>`
                : ''}
@@ -160,9 +153,9 @@ export class DnsProviderForm extends DeesElement {
                    <dees-input-text
                      .key=${f.key}
                      .label=${f.label}
+                      .description=${f.helpText || ''}
                      .required=${f.required && !this.lockType}
                    ></dees-input-text>
-                    ${f.helpText ? html`<div class="helpText">${f.helpText}</div>` : ''}
                  </div>
                `,
              )}
--- a/ts_web/elements/domains/ops-view-certificates.ts
+++ b/ts_web/elements/domains/ops-view-certificates.ts
@@ -23,17 +23,25 @@ export class OpsViewCertificates extends DeesElement {
  @state()
  accessor certState: appstate.ICertificateState = appstate.certificateStatePart.getState()!;

+  @state()
+  accessor acmeState: appstate.IAcmeConfigState = appstate.acmeConfigStatePart.getState()!;
+
  constructor() {
    super();
-    const sub = appstate.certificateStatePart.select().subscribe((newState) => {
+    const certSub = appstate.certificateStatePart.select().subscribe((newState) => {
      this.certState = newState;
    });
-    this.rxSubscriptions.push(sub);
+    this.rxSubscriptions.push(certSub);
+    const acmeSub = appstate.acmeConfigStatePart.select().subscribe((newState) => {
+      this.acmeState = newState;
+    });
+    this.rxSubscriptions.push(acmeSub);
  }

  async connectedCallback() {
    await super.connectedCallback();
    await appstate.certificateStatePart.dispatchAction(appstate.fetchCertificateOverviewAction, null);
+    await appstate.acmeConfigStatePart.dispatchAction(appstate.fetchAcmeConfigAction, null);
  }

  public static styles = [
@@ -163,11 +171,117 @@ export class OpsViewCertificates extends DeesElement {

      <div class="certificatesContainer">
        ${this.renderStatsTiles(summary)}
+        ${this.renderAcmeSettingsTile()}
        ${this.renderCertificateTable()}
      </div>
    `;
  }

+  private renderAcmeSettingsTile(): TemplateResult {
+    const config = this.acmeState.config;
+
+    if (!config) {
+      return html`
+        <dees-settings
+          .heading=${'ACME Settings'}
+          .description=${'No ACME configuration yet. Click Configure to set up automated TLS certificate issuance via Let\'s Encrypt. You\'ll also need at least one DNS provider under Domains > Providers.'}
+          .actions=${[{ name: 'Configure', action: () => this.showEditAcmeDialog() }]}
+        ></dees-settings>
+      `;
+    }
+
+    return html`
+      <dees-settings
+        .heading=${'ACME Settings'}
+        .settingsFields=${[
+          { key: 'email', label: 'Account email', value: config.accountEmail || '(not set)' },
+          { key: 'status', label: 'Status', value: config.enabled ? 'enabled' : 'disabled' },
+          { key: 'mode', label: 'Mode', value: config.useProduction ? 'production' : 'staging' },
+          { key: 'autoRenew', label: 'Auto-renew', value: config.autoRenew ? 'on' : 'off' },
+          { key: 'threshold', label: 'Renewal threshold', value: `${config.renewThresholdDays} days` },
+        ]}
+        .actions=${[{ name: 'Edit', action: () => this.showEditAcmeDialog() }]}
+      ></dees-settings>
+    `;
+  }
+
+  private async showEditAcmeDialog() {
+    const { DeesModal, DeesToast } = await import('@design.estate/dees-catalog');
+    const current = this.acmeState.config;
+
+    DeesModal.createAndShow({
+      heading: current ? 'Edit ACME Settings' : 'Configure ACME',
+      content: html`
+        <dees-form>
+          <dees-input-text
+            .key=${'accountEmail'}
+            .label=${'Account email'}
+            .value=${current?.accountEmail ?? ''}
+            .required=${true}
+          ></dees-input-text>
+          <dees-input-checkbox
+            .key=${'enabled'}
+            .label=${'Enabled'}
+            .value=${current?.enabled ?? true}
+          ></dees-input-checkbox>
+          <dees-input-checkbox
+            .key=${'useProduction'}
+            .label=${"Use Let's Encrypt production"}
+            .description=${'Uncheck to use the staging environment'}
+            .value=${current?.useProduction ?? true}
+          ></dees-input-checkbox>
+          <dees-input-checkbox
+            .key=${'autoRenew'}
+            .label=${'Auto-renew certificates'}
+            .value=${current?.autoRenew ?? true}
+          ></dees-input-checkbox>
+          <dees-input-text
+            .key=${'renewThresholdDays'}
+            .label=${'Renewal threshold'}
+            .description=${'Number of days before expiry to trigger renewal'}
+            .value=${String(current?.renewThresholdDays ?? 30)}
+          ></dees-input-text>
+        </dees-form>
+        <p style="margin-top: 12px; font-size: 12px; opacity: 0.7;">
+          Most fields take effect on the next dcrouter restart (SmartAcme is instantiated once at
+          startup). Changing the account email creates a new Let's Encrypt account — only do this
+          if you know what you're doing.
+        </p>
+      `,
+      menuOptions: [
+        { name: 'Cancel', action: async (modalArg: any) => modalArg.destroy() },
+        {
+          name: 'Save',
+          action: async (modalArg: any) => {
+            const form = modalArg.shadowRoot
+              ?.querySelector('.content')
+              ?.querySelector('dees-form');
+            if (!form) return;
+            const data = await form.collectFormData();
+            const email = String(data.accountEmail ?? '').trim();
+            if (!email) {
+              DeesToast.show({
+                message: 'Account email is required',
+                type: 'warning',
+                duration: 2500,
+              });
+              return;
+            }
+            const threshold = parseInt(String(data.renewThresholdDays ?? '30'), 10);
+            await appstate.acmeConfigStatePart.dispatchAction(appstate.updateAcmeConfigAction, {
+              accountEmail: email,
+              enabled: Boolean(data.enabled),
+              useProduction: Boolean(data.useProduction),
+              autoRenew: Boolean(data.autoRenew),
+              renewThresholdDays: Number.isFinite(threshold) ? threshold : 30,
+            });
+            modalArg.destroy();
+          },
+        },
+      ],
+    });
+  }
+
  private renderStatsTiles(summary: appstate.ICertificateState['summary']): TemplateResult {
    const tiles: IStatsTile[] = [
      {
@@ -253,11 +367,12 @@ export class OpsViewCertificates extends DeesElement {
                content: html`
                  <dees-form>
                    <dees-input-fileupload
-                      key="certJsonFile"
-                      label="Certificate JSON (.tsclass.cert.json)"
-                      accept=".json"
+                      .key=${'certJsonFile'}
+                      .label=${'Certificate JSON'}
+                      .description=${'Upload a .tsclass.cert.json file'}
+                      .accept=${'.json'}
                      .multiple=${false}
-                      required
+                      .required=${true}
                    ></dees-input-fileupload>
                  </dees-form>
                `,
--- a/ts_web/elements/domains/ops-view-dns.ts
+++ b/ts_web/elements/domains/ops-view-dns.ts
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ export class OpsViewDns extends DeesElement {
        font-weight: 500;
      }

-      .sourceBadge.manual {
+      .sourceBadge.local {
        background: ${cssManager.bdTheme('#e0e7ff', '#1e1b4b')};
        color: ${cssManager.bdTheme('#3730a3', '#a5b4fc')};
      }
@@ -101,8 +101,8 @@ export class OpsViewDns extends DeesElement {
      <dees-heading level="3">DNS Records</dees-heading>
      <div class="dnsContainer">
        <div class="domainPicker">
-          <span>Domain:</span>
          <dees-input-dropdown
+            .label=${'Domain'}
            .options=${domains.map((d) => ({ option: d.name, key: d.id }))}
            .selectedOption=${selectedId
              ? { option: domains.find((d) => d.id === selectedId)?.name || '', key: selectedId }
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ export class OpsViewDns extends DeesElement {
  private domainHint(domainId: string): string {
    const domain = this.domainsState.domains.find((d) => d.id === domainId);
    if (!domain) return '';
-    if (domain.source === 'manual') {
+    if (domain.source === 'dcrouter') {
      return 'Records are served by dcrouter (authoritative).';
    }
    return 'Records are stored at the provider — changes here are pushed via the provider API.';
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ export class OpsViewDns extends DeesElement {
      heading: 'Add DNS Record',
      content: html`
        <dees-form>
-          <dees-input-text .key=${'name'} .label=${'Name (FQDN)'} .required=${true}></dees-input-text>
+          <dees-input-text .key=${'name'} .label=${'Name'} .description=${'Fully qualified domain name'} .required=${true}></dees-input-text>
          <dees-input-dropdown
            .key=${'type'}
            .label=${'Type'}
@@ -205,10 +205,11 @@ export class OpsViewDns extends DeesElement {
          ></dees-input-dropdown>
          <dees-input-text
            .key=${'value'}
-            .label=${'Value (for MX use "10 mail.example.com")'}
+            .label=${'Value'}
+            .description=${'For MX records use priority format, e.g. "10 mail.example.com"'}
            .required=${true}
          ></dees-input-text>
-          <dees-input-text .key=${'ttl'} .label=${'TTL (seconds)'} .value=${'300'}></dees-input-text>
+          <dees-input-text .key=${'ttl'} .label=${'TTL'} .description=${'Time to live in seconds'} .value=${'300'}></dees-input-text>
        </dees-form>
      `,
      menuOptions: [
@@ -242,9 +243,9 @@ export class OpsViewDns extends DeesElement {
      heading: `Edit ${rec.type} ${rec.name}`,
      content: html`
        <dees-form>
-          <dees-input-text .key=${'name'} .label=${'Name (FQDN)'} .value=${rec.name}></dees-input-text>
+          <dees-input-text .key=${'name'} .label=${'Name'} .description=${'Fully qualified domain name'} .value=${rec.name}></dees-input-text>
          <dees-input-text .key=${'value'} .label=${'Value'} .value=${rec.value}></dees-input-text>
-          <dees-input-text .key=${'ttl'} .label=${'TTL (seconds)'} .value=${String(rec.ttl)}></dees-input-text>
+          <dees-input-text .key=${'ttl'} .label=${'TTL'} .description=${'Time to live in seconds'} .value=${String(rec.ttl)}></dees-input-text>
        </dees-form>
      `,
      menuOptions: [
--- a/ts_web/elements/domains/ops-view-domains.ts
+++ b/ts_web/elements/domains/ops-view-domains.ts
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ export class OpsViewDomains extends DeesElement {
        font-weight: 500;
      }

-      .sourceBadge.manual {
+      .sourceBadge.dcrouter {
        background: ${cssManager.bdTheme('#e0e7ff', '#1e1b4b')};
        color: ${cssManager.bdTheme('#3730a3', '#a5b4fc')};
      }
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ export class OpsViewDomains extends DeesElement {
      <div class="domainsContainer">
        <dees-table
          .heading1=${'Domains'}
-          .heading2=${'Domains under management — manual (authoritative) or imported from a provider'}
+          .heading2=${'Domains under management — served by dcrouter (authoritative) or imported from a provider'}
          .data=${domains}
          .showColumnFilters=${true}
          .displayFunction=${(d: interfaces.data.IDomain) => ({
@@ -90,11 +90,11 @@ export class OpsViewDomains extends DeesElement {
          })}
          .dataActions=${[
            {
-              name: 'Add Manual Domain',
+              name: 'Add DcRouter Domain',
              iconName: 'lucide:plus',
              type: ['header' as const],
              actionFunc: async () => {
-                await this.showCreateManualDialog();
+                await this.showCreateDcrouterDialog();
              },
            },
            {
@@ -149,6 +149,15 @@ export class OpsViewDomains extends DeesElement {
                });
              },
            },
+            {
+              name: 'Migrate',
+              iconName: 'lucide:arrow-right-left',
+              type: ['inRow', 'contextmenu'] as any,
+              actionFunc: async (actionData: any) => {
+                const domain = actionData.item as interfaces.data.IDomain;
+                await this.showMigrateDialog(domain);
+              },
+            },
            {
              name: 'Delete',
              iconName: 'lucide:trash2',
@@ -168,21 +177,21 @@ export class OpsViewDomains extends DeesElement {
    d: interfaces.data.IDomain,
    providersById: Map<string, interfaces.data.IDnsProviderPublic>,
  ): TemplateResult {
-    if (d.source === 'manual') {
-      return html`<span class="sourceBadge manual">Manual</span>`;
+    if (d.source === 'dcrouter') {
+      return html`<span class="sourceBadge dcrouter">DcRouter</span>`;
    }
    const provider = d.providerId ? providersById.get(d.providerId) : undefined;
    return html`<span class="sourceBadge provider">${provider?.name || 'Provider'}</span>`;
  }

-  private async showCreateManualDialog() {
+  private async showCreateDcrouterDialog() {
    const { DeesModal } = await import('@design.estate/dees-catalog');
    DeesModal.createAndShow({
-      heading: 'Add Manual Domain',
+      heading: 'Add DcRouter Domain',
      content: html`
        <dees-form>
-          <dees-input-text .key=${'name'} .label=${'FQDN (e.g. example.com)'} .required=${true}></dees-input-text>
-          <dees-input-text .key=${'description'} .label=${'Description (optional)'}></dees-input-text>
+          <dees-input-text .key=${'name'} .label=${'FQDN'} .description=${'e.g. example.com'} .required=${true}></dees-input-text>
+          <dees-input-text .key=${'description'} .label=${'Description'}></dees-input-text>
        </dees-form>
        <p style="margin-top: 12px; font-size: 12px; opacity: 0.7;">
          dcrouter will become the authoritative DNS server for this domain. You'll need to
@@ -199,7 +208,7 @@ export class OpsViewDomains extends DeesElement {
              ?.querySelector('dees-form');
            if (!form) return;
            const data = await form.collectFormData();
-            await appstate.domainsStatePart.dispatchAction(appstate.createManualDomainAction, {
+            await appstate.domainsStatePart.dispatchAction(appstate.createDcrouterDomainAction, {
              name: String(data.name),
              description: data.description ? String(data.description) : undefined,
            });
@@ -235,7 +244,8 @@ export class OpsViewDomains extends DeesElement {
          ></dees-input-dropdown>
          <dees-input-text
            .key=${'domainNames'}
-            .label=${'Comma-separated FQDNs to import (e.g. example.com, foo.com)'}
+            .label=${'Domain Names'}
+            .description=${'Comma-separated FQDNs, e.g. example.com, foo.com'}
            .required=${true}
          ></dees-input-text>
        </dees-form>
@@ -307,6 +317,96 @@ export class OpsViewDomains extends DeesElement {
    });
  }

+  private async showMigrateDialog(domain: interfaces.data.IDomain) {
+    const { DeesModal, DeesToast } = await import('@design.estate/dees-catalog');
+    const providers = this.domainsState.providers;
+
+    // Build target options based on current source
+    const targetOptions: { option: string; key: string }[] = [];
+    if (domain.source === 'provider') {
+      targetOptions.push({ option: 'DcRouter (authoritative)', key: 'dcrouter' });
+    }
+    // Add all providers (except the current one if already provider-managed)
+    for (const p of providers) {
+      if (domain.source === 'provider' && domain.providerId === p.id) continue;
+      targetOptions.push({ option: `${p.name} (${p.type})`, key: `provider:${p.id}` });
+    }
+    if (domain.source === 'dcrouter') {
+      targetOptions.unshift({ option: 'DcRouter (authoritative)', key: 'dcrouter' });
+    }
+
+    if (targetOptions.length === 0) {
+      DeesToast.show({
+        message: 'No migration targets available. Add a DNS provider first.',
+        type: 'warning',
+        duration: 3000,
+      });
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const currentLabel = domain.source === 'dcrouter'
+      ? 'DcRouter (authoritative)'
+      : providers.find((p) => p.id === domain.providerId)?.name || 'Provider';
+
+    DeesModal.createAndShow({
+      heading: `Migrate: ${domain.name}`,
+      content: html`
+        <dees-form>
+          <dees-input-text
+            .key=${'currentSource'}
+            .label=${'Current source'}
+            .value=${currentLabel}
+            .disabled=${true}
+          ></dees-input-text>
+          <dees-input-dropdown
+            .key=${'target'}
+            .label=${'Migrate to'}
+            .description=${'Select the target DNS management'}
+            .options=${targetOptions}
+            .required=${true}
+          ></dees-input-dropdown>
+          <dees-input-checkbox
+            .key=${'deleteExisting'}
+            .label=${'Delete existing records at provider first'}
+            .description=${'Removes all records at the provider before pushing migrated records'}
+            .value=${true}
+          ></dees-input-checkbox>
+        </dees-form>
+      `,
+      menuOptions: [
+        { name: 'Cancel', action: async (m: any) => m.destroy() },
+        {
+          name: 'Migrate',
+          action: async (m: any) => {
+            const form = m.shadowRoot?.querySelector('.content')?.querySelector('dees-form');
+            if (!form) return;
+            const data = await form.collectFormData();
+            const targetKey = typeof data.target === 'object' ? data.target.key : data.target;
+            if (!targetKey) return;
+
+            let targetSource: interfaces.data.TDomainSource;
+            let targetProviderId: string | undefined;
+            if (targetKey === 'dcrouter') {
+              targetSource = 'dcrouter';
+            } else {
+              targetSource = 'provider';
+              targetProviderId = targetKey.replace('provider:', '');
+            }
+
+            await appstate.domainsStatePart.dispatchAction(appstate.migrateDomainAction, {
+              id: domain.id,
+              targetSource,
+              targetProviderId,
+              deleteExistingProviderRecords: targetSource === 'provider' ? Boolean(data.deleteExisting) : false,
+            });
+            DeesToast.show({ message: `Domain ${domain.name} migrated successfully`, type: 'success', duration: 3000 });
+            m.destroy();
+          },
+        },
+      ],
+    });
+  }
+
  private async deleteDomain(domain: interfaces.data.IDomain) {
    const { DeesModal } = await import('@design.estate/dees-catalog');
    DeesModal.createAndShow({
--- a/ts_web/elements/domains/ops-view-providers.ts
+++ b/ts_web/elements/domains/ops-view-providers.ts
@@ -71,6 +71,11 @@ export class OpsViewProviders extends DeesElement {
        background: ${cssManager.bdTheme('#f3f4f6', '#1f2937')};
        color: ${cssManager.bdTheme('#4b5563', '#9ca3af')};
      }
+
+      .statusBadge.builtin {
+        background: ${cssManager.bdTheme('#e0e7ff', '#1e1b4b')};
+        color: ${cssManager.bdTheme('#3730a3', '#a5b4fc')};
+      }
    `,
  ];

@@ -82,15 +87,21 @@ export class OpsViewProviders extends DeesElement {
      <div class="providersContainer">
        <dees-table
          .heading1=${'Providers'}
-          .heading2=${'External DNS provider accounts'}
+          .heading2=${'Built-in dcrouter + external DNS provider accounts'}
          .data=${providers}
          .showColumnFilters=${true}
          .displayFunction=${(p: interfaces.data.IDnsProviderPublic) => ({
            Name: p.name,
            Type: this.providerTypeLabel(p.type),
-            Status: this.renderStatusBadge(p.status),
-            'Last Tested': p.lastTestedAt ? new Date(p.lastTestedAt).toLocaleString() : 'never',
-            Error: p.lastError || '-',
+            Status: p.builtIn
+              ? html`<span class="statusBadge builtin">built-in</span>`
+              : this.renderStatusBadge(p.status),
+            'Last Tested': p.builtIn
+              ? '—'
+              : p.lastTestedAt
+                ? new Date(p.lastTestedAt).toLocaleString()
+                : 'never',
+            Error: p.builtIn ? '—' : p.lastError || '-',
          })}
          .dataActions=${[
            {
@@ -116,6 +127,7 @@ export class OpsViewProviders extends DeesElement {
              name: 'Test Connection',
              iconName: 'lucide:plug',
              type: ['inRow', 'contextmenu'] as any,
+              actionRelevancyCheckFunc: (p: interfaces.data.IDnsProviderPublic) => !p.builtIn,
              actionFunc: async (actionData: any) => {
                const provider = actionData.item as interfaces.data.IDnsProviderPublic;
                await this.testProvider(provider);
@@ -125,6 +137,7 @@ export class OpsViewProviders extends DeesElement {
              name: 'Edit',
              iconName: 'lucide:pencil',
              type: ['inRow', 'contextmenu'] as any,
+              actionRelevancyCheckFunc: (p: interfaces.data.IDnsProviderPublic) => !p.builtIn,
              actionFunc: async (actionData: any) => {
                const provider = actionData.item as interfaces.data.IDnsProviderPublic;
                await this.showEditDialog(provider);
@@ -134,6 +147,7 @@ export class OpsViewProviders extends DeesElement {
              name: 'Delete',
              iconName: 'lucide:trash2',
              type: ['inRow', 'contextmenu'] as any,
+              actionRelevancyCheckFunc: (p: interfaces.data.IDnsProviderPublic) => !p.builtIn,
              actionFunc: async (actionData: any) => {
                const provider = actionData.item as interfaces.data.IDnsProviderPublic;
                await this.deleteProvider(provider);
--- a/ts_web/elements/email/index.ts
+++ b/ts_web/elements/email/index.ts
@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
 export * from './ops-view-emails.js';
 export * from './ops-view-email-security.js';
+export * from './ops-view-email-domains.js';
--- a/ts_web/elements/email/ops-view-email-domains.ts
+++ b/ts_web/elements/email/ops-view-email-domains.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,396 @@
+import {
+  DeesElement,
+  html,
+  customElement,
+  type TemplateResult,
+  css,
+  state,
+  cssManager,
+} from '@design.estate/dees-element';
+import * as appstate from '../../appstate.js';
+import * as interfaces from '../../../dist_ts_interfaces/index.js';
+import { viewHostCss } from '../shared/css.js';
+import { type IStatsTile } from '@design.estate/dees-catalog';
+
+declare global {
+  interface HTMLElementTagNameMap {
+    'ops-view-email-domains': OpsViewEmailDomains;
+  }
+}
+
+@customElement('ops-view-email-domains')
+export class OpsViewEmailDomains extends DeesElement {
+  @state()
+  accessor emailDomainsState: appstate.IEmailDomainsState =
+    appstate.emailDomainsStatePart.getState()!;
+
+  @state()
+  accessor domainsState: appstate.IDomainsState = appstate.domainsStatePart.getState()!;
+
+  constructor() {
+    super();
+    const sub = appstate.emailDomainsStatePart.select().subscribe((s) => {
+      this.emailDomainsState = s;
+    });
+    this.rxSubscriptions.push(sub);
+    const domSub = appstate.domainsStatePart.select().subscribe((s) => {
+      this.domainsState = s;
+    });
+    this.rxSubscriptions.push(domSub);
+  }
+
+  async connectedCallback() {
+    await super.connectedCallback();
+    await appstate.emailDomainsStatePart.dispatchAction(appstate.fetchEmailDomainsAction, null);
+    await appstate.domainsStatePart.dispatchAction(appstate.fetchDomainsAndProvidersAction, null);
+  }
+
+  public static styles = [
+    cssManager.defaultStyles,
+    viewHostCss,
+    css`
+      .emailDomainsContainer {
+        display: flex;
+        flex-direction: column;
+        gap: 24px;
+      }
+
+      .statusBadge {
+        display: inline-flex;
+        align-items: center;
+        padding: 3px 10px;
+        border-radius: 12px;
+        font-size: 12px;
+        font-weight: 600;
+        letter-spacing: 0.02em;
+        text-transform: uppercase;
+      }
+
+      .statusBadge.valid {
+        background: ${cssManager.bdTheme('#dcfce7', '#14532d')};
+        color: ${cssManager.bdTheme('#166534', '#4ade80')};
+      }
+
+      .statusBadge.missing {
+        background: ${cssManager.bdTheme('#fef2f2', '#450a0a')};
+        color: ${cssManager.bdTheme('#991b1b', '#f87171')};
+      }
+
+      .statusBadge.invalid {
+        background: ${cssManager.bdTheme('#fff7ed', '#431407')};
+        color: ${cssManager.bdTheme('#9a3412', '#fb923c')};
+      }
+
+      .statusBadge.unchecked {
+        background: ${cssManager.bdTheme('#f3f4f6', '#1f2937')};
+        color: ${cssManager.bdTheme('#4b5563', '#9ca3af')};
+      }
+
+      .sourceBadge {
+        display: inline-flex;
+        align-items: center;
+        padding: 3px 8px;
+        border-radius: 4px;
+        font-size: 11px;
+        font-weight: 500;
+        background: ${cssManager.bdTheme('#f3f4f6', '#1f2937')};
+        color: ${cssManager.bdTheme('#374151', '#d1d5db')};
+      }
+    `,
+  ];
+
+  public render(): TemplateResult {
+    const domains = this.emailDomainsState.domains;
+    const validCount = domains.filter(
+      (d) =>
+        d.dnsStatus.mx === 'valid' &&
+        d.dnsStatus.spf === 'valid' &&
+        d.dnsStatus.dkim === 'valid' &&
+        d.dnsStatus.dmarc === 'valid',
+    ).length;
+    const issueCount = domains.length - validCount;
+
+    const tiles: IStatsTile[] = [
+      {
+        id: 'total',
+        title: 'Total Domains',
+        value: domains.length,
+        type: 'number',
+        icon: 'lucide:globe',
+        color: '#3b82f6',
+      },
+      {
+        id: 'valid',
+        title: 'Valid DNS',
+        value: validCount,
+        type: 'number',
+        icon: 'lucide:Check',
+        color: '#22c55e',
+      },
+      {
+        id: 'issues',
+        title: 'Issues',
+        value: issueCount,
+        type: 'number',
+        icon: 'lucide:TriangleAlert',
+        color: issueCount > 0 ? '#ef4444' : '#22c55e',
+      },
+      {
+        id: 'dkim',
+        title: 'DKIM Active',
+        value: domains.filter((d) => d.dkim.publicKey).length,
+        type: 'number',
+        icon: 'lucide:KeyRound',
+        color: '#8b5cf6',
+      },
+    ];
+
+    return html`
+      <dees-heading level="3">Email Domains</dees-heading>
+
+      <div class="emailDomainsContainer">
+        <dees-statsgrid
+          .tiles=${tiles}
+          .minTileWidth=${200}
+          .gridActions=${[
+            {
+              name: 'Refresh',
+              iconName: 'lucide:RefreshCw',
+              action: async () => {
+                await appstate.emailDomainsStatePart.dispatchAction(
+                  appstate.fetchEmailDomainsAction,
+                  null,
+                );
+              },
+            },
+          ]}
+        ></dees-statsgrid>
+
+        <dees-table
+          .heading1=${'Email Domains'}
+          .heading2=${'DKIM, SPF, DMARC and MX management'}
+          .data=${domains}
+          .showColumnFilters=${true}
+          .displayFunction=${(d: interfaces.data.IEmailDomain) => ({
+            Domain: d.domain,
+            Source: this.renderSourceBadge(d.linkedDomainId),
+            MX: this.renderDnsStatus(d.dnsStatus.mx),
+            SPF: this.renderDnsStatus(d.dnsStatus.spf),
+            DKIM: this.renderDnsStatus(d.dnsStatus.dkim),
+            DMARC: this.renderDnsStatus(d.dnsStatus.dmarc),
+          })}
+          .dataActions=${[
+            {
+              name: 'Add Email Domain',
+              iconName: 'lucide:plus',
+              type: ['header'] as any,
+              actionFunc: async () => {
+                await this.showCreateDialog();
+              },
+            },
+            {
+              name: 'Validate DNS',
+              iconName: 'lucide:search-check',
+              type: ['inRow', 'contextmenu'] as any,
+              actionFunc: async (actionData: any) => {
+                const d = actionData.item as interfaces.data.IEmailDomain;
+                await appstate.emailDomainsStatePart.dispatchAction(
+                  appstate.validateEmailDomainAction,
+                  d.id,
+                );
+                const { DeesToast } = await import('@design.estate/dees-catalog');
+                DeesToast.show({ message: `DNS validated for ${d.domain}`, type: 'success', duration: 2500 });
+              },
+            },
+            {
+              name: 'Provision DNS',
+              iconName: 'lucide:wand-sparkles',
+              type: ['inRow', 'contextmenu'] as any,
+              actionFunc: async (actionData: any) => {
+                const d = actionData.item as interfaces.data.IEmailDomain;
+                await appstate.emailDomainsStatePart.dispatchAction(
+                  appstate.provisionEmailDomainDnsAction,
+                  d.id,
+                );
+                const { DeesToast } = await import('@design.estate/dees-catalog');
+                DeesToast.show({ message: `DNS records provisioned for ${d.domain}`, type: 'success', duration: 2500 });
+              },
+            },
+            {
+              name: 'View DNS Records',
+              iconName: 'lucide:list',
+              type: ['inRow', 'contextmenu'] as any,
+              actionFunc: async (actionData: any) => {
+                const d = actionData.item as interfaces.data.IEmailDomain;
+                await this.showDnsRecordsDialog(d);
+              },
+            },
+            {
+              name: 'Delete',
+              iconName: 'lucide:trash2',
+              type: ['inRow', 'contextmenu'] as any,
+              actionFunc: async (actionData: any) => {
+                const d = actionData.item as interfaces.data.IEmailDomain;
+                await appstate.emailDomainsStatePart.dispatchAction(
+                  appstate.deleteEmailDomainAction,
+                  d.id,
+                );
+              },
+            },
+          ]}
+          dataName="email domain"
+        ></dees-table>
+      </div>
+    `;
+  }
+
+  private renderDnsStatus(status: interfaces.data.TDnsRecordStatus): TemplateResult {
+    return html`<span class="statusBadge ${status}">${status}</span>`;
+  }
+
+  private renderSourceBadge(linkedDomainId: string): TemplateResult {
+    const domain = this.domainsState.domains.find((d) => d.id === linkedDomainId);
+    if (!domain) return html`<span class="sourceBadge">unknown</span>`;
+    const label =
+      domain.source === 'dcrouter'
+        ? 'dcrouter'
+        : this.domainsState.providers.find((p) => p.id === domain.providerId)?.name || 'provider';
+    return html`<span class="sourceBadge">${label}</span>`;
+  }
+
+  private async showCreateDialog() {
+    const { DeesModal } = await import('@design.estate/dees-catalog');
+    const domainOptions = this.domainsState.domains.map((d) => ({
+      option: `${d.name} (${d.source})`,
+      key: d.id,
+    }));
+
+    DeesModal.createAndShow({
+      heading: 'Add Email Domain',
+      content: html`
+        <dees-form>
+          <dees-input-dropdown
+            .key=${'linkedDomainId'}
+            .label=${'Domain'}
+            .description=${'Select an existing DNS domain'}
+            .options=${domainOptions}
+            .required=${true}
+          ></dees-input-dropdown>
+          <dees-input-text
+            .key=${'subdomain'}
+            .label=${'Subdomain'}
+            .description=${'Leave empty for bare domain, e.g. "mail" for mail.example.com'}
+          ></dees-input-text>
+          <dees-input-text
+            .key=${'dkimSelector'}
+            .label=${'DKIM Selector'}
+            .description=${'Identifier used in DNS record name'}
+            .value=${'default'}
+          ></dees-input-text>
+          <dees-input-dropdown
+            .key=${'dkimKeySize'}
+            .label=${'DKIM Key Size'}
+            .options=${[
+              { option: '2048 (recommended)', key: '2048' },
+              { option: '1024', key: '1024' },
+              { option: '4096', key: '4096' },
+            ]}
+            .selectedOption=${{ option: '2048 (recommended)', key: '2048' }}
+          ></dees-input-dropdown>
+          <dees-input-checkbox
+            .key=${'rotateKeys'}
+            .label=${'Auto-rotate DKIM keys'}
+            .value=${false}
+          ></dees-input-checkbox>
+        </dees-form>
+      `,
+      menuOptions: [
+        { name: 'Cancel', action: async (m: any) => m.destroy() },
+        {
+          name: 'Create',
+          action: async (m: any) => {
+            const form = m.shadowRoot?.querySelector('.content')?.querySelector('dees-form');
+            if (!form) return;
+            const data = await form.collectFormData();
+            const linkedDomainId =
+              typeof data.linkedDomainId === 'object'
+                ? data.linkedDomainId.key
+                : data.linkedDomainId;
+            const keySize =
+              typeof data.dkimKeySize === 'object'
+                ? parseInt(data.dkimKeySize.key, 10)
+                : parseInt(data.dkimKeySize || '2048', 10);
+
+            const subdomain = data.subdomain?.trim() || undefined;
+            await appstate.emailDomainsStatePart.dispatchAction(
+              appstate.createEmailDomainAction,
+              {
+                linkedDomainId,
+                subdomain,
+                dkimSelector: data.dkimSelector || 'default',
+                dkimKeySize: keySize,
+                rotateKeys: Boolean(data.rotateKeys),
+              },
+            );
+            m.destroy();
+          },
+        },
+      ],
+    });
+  }
+
+  private async showDnsRecordsDialog(emailDomain: interfaces.data.IEmailDomain) {
+    const { DeesModal, DeesToast } = await import('@design.estate/dees-catalog');
+
+    // Fetch required DNS records
+    let records: interfaces.data.IEmailDnsRecord[] = [];
+    try {
+      const response = await appstate.fetchEmailDomainDnsRecords(emailDomain.id);
+      records = response.records;
+    } catch {
+      records = [];
+    }
+
+    DeesModal.createAndShow({
+      heading: `DNS Records: ${emailDomain.domain}`,
+      content: html`
+        <dees-table
+          .data=${records}
+          .displayFunction=${(r: interfaces.data.IEmailDnsRecord) => ({
+            Type: r.type,
+            Name: r.name,
+            Value: r.value,
+            Status: html`<span class="statusBadge ${r.status}">${r.status}</span>`,
+          })}
+          .dataActions=${[
+            {
+              name: 'Copy Value',
+              iconName: 'lucide:copy',
+              type: ['inRow'] as any,
+              actionFunc: async (actionData: any) => {
+                const rec = actionData.item as interfaces.data.IEmailDnsRecord;
+                await navigator.clipboard.writeText(rec.value);
+                DeesToast.show({ message: 'Copied to clipboard', type: 'success', duration: 1500 });
+              },
+            },
+          ]}
+          dataName="DNS record"
+        ></dees-table>
+      `,
+      menuOptions: [
+        {
+          name: 'Auto-Provision All',
+          action: async (m: any) => {
+            await appstate.emailDomainsStatePart.dispatchAction(
+              appstate.provisionEmailDomainDnsAction,
+              emailDomain.id,
+            );
+            DeesToast.show({ message: 'DNS records provisioned', type: 'success', duration: 2500 });
+            m.destroy();
+          },
+        },
+        { name: 'Close', action: async (m: any) => m.destroy() },
+      ],
+    });
+  }
+}
--- a/ts_web/elements/email/ops-view-email-security.ts
+++ b/ts_web/elements/email/ops-view-email-security.ts
@@ -37,25 +37,10 @@ export class OpsViewEmailSecurity extends DeesElement {
    cssManager.defaultStyles,
    viewHostCss,
    css`
-      h2 {
-        margin: 32px 0 16px 0;
-        font-size: 24px;
-        font-weight: 600;
-        color: ${cssManager.bdTheme('#333', '#ccc')};
-      }
-      dees-statsgrid {
-        margin-bottom: 32px;
-      }
-      .securityCard {
-        background: ${cssManager.bdTheme('#fff', '#222')};
-        border: 1px solid ${cssManager.bdTheme('#e9ecef', '#333')};
-        border-radius: 8px;
-        padding: 24px;
-        position: relative;
-        overflow: hidden;
-      }
-      .actionButton {
-        margin-top: 16px;
+      .securityContainer {
+        display: flex;
+        flex-direction: column;
+        gap: 24px;
      }
    `,
  ];
@@ -113,48 +98,44 @@ export class OpsViewEmailSecurity extends DeesElement {
    return html`
      <dees-heading level="3">Email Security</dees-heading>

-      <dees-statsgrid
-        .tiles=${tiles}
-        .minTileWidth=${200}
-      ></dees-statsgrid>
+      <div class="securityContainer">
+        <dees-statsgrid
+          .tiles=${tiles}
+          .minTileWidth=${200}
+        ></dees-statsgrid>

-      <h2>Email Security Configuration</h2>
-      <div class="securityCard">
-        <dees-form>
-          <dees-input-checkbox
-            .key=${'enableSPF'}
-            .label=${'Enable SPF checking'}
-            .value=${true}
-          ></dees-input-checkbox>
-          <dees-input-checkbox
-            .key=${'enableDKIM'}
-            .label=${'Enable DKIM validation'}
-            .value=${true}
-          ></dees-input-checkbox>
-          <dees-input-checkbox
-            .key=${'enableDMARC'}
-            .label=${'Enable DMARC policy enforcement'}
-            .value=${true}
-          ></dees-input-checkbox>
-          <dees-input-checkbox
-            .key=${'enableSpamFilter'}
-            .label=${'Enable spam filtering'}
-            .value=${true}
-          ></dees-input-checkbox>
-        </dees-form>
-        <dees-button
-          class="actionButton"
-          type="highlighted"
-          @click=${() => this.saveEmailSecuritySettings()}
-        >
-          Save Settings
-        </dees-button>
+        <dees-settings
+          .heading=${'Security Configuration'}
+          .settingsFields=${[
+            { key: 'spf', label: 'SPF checking', value: 'enabled' },
+            { key: 'dkim', label: 'DKIM validation', value: 'enabled' },
+            { key: 'dmarc', label: 'DMARC policy', value: 'enabled' },
+            { key: 'spam', label: 'Spam filtering', value: 'enabled' },
+          ]}
+          .actions=${[{ name: 'Edit', action: () => this.showEditSecurityDialog() }]}
+        ></dees-settings>
      </div>
    `;
  }

-  private async saveEmailSecuritySettings() {
-    // Config is read-only from the UI for now
-    alert('Email security settings are read-only. Update the dcrouter configuration file to change these settings.');
+  private async showEditSecurityDialog() {
+    const { DeesModal } = await import('@design.estate/dees-catalog');
+    DeesModal.createAndShow({
+      heading: 'Edit Security Configuration',
+      content: html`
+        <dees-form>
+          <dees-input-checkbox .key=${'enableSPF'} .label=${'SPF checking'} .value=${true}></dees-input-checkbox>
+          <dees-input-checkbox .key=${'enableDKIM'} .label=${'DKIM validation'} .value=${true}></dees-input-checkbox>
+          <dees-input-checkbox .key=${'enableDMARC'} .label=${'DMARC policy enforcement'} .value=${true}></dees-input-checkbox>
+          <dees-input-checkbox .key=${'enableSpamFilter'} .label=${'Spam filtering'} .value=${true}></dees-input-checkbox>
+        </dees-form>
+        <p style="margin-top: 12px; font-size: 12px; opacity: 0.7;">
+          These settings are read-only for now. Update the dcrouter configuration to change them.
+        </p>
+      `,
+      menuOptions: [
+        { name: 'Close', action: async (modalArg: any) => modalArg.destroy() },
+      ],
+    });
  }
 }
--- a/ts_web/elements/network/ops-view-network-activity.ts
+++ b/ts_web/elements/network/ops-view-network-activity.ts
@@ -323,6 +323,8 @@ export class OpsViewNetworkActivity extends DeesElement {
        <!-- Requests Table -->
        <dees-table
          .data=${this.networkRequests}
+          .rowKey=${'id'}
+          .highlightUpdates=${'flash'}
          .displayFunction=${(req: INetworkRequest) => ({
            Time: new Date(req.timestamp).toLocaleTimeString(),
            Protocol: html`<span class="protocolBadge ${req.protocol}">${req.protocol.toUpperCase()}</span>`,
@@ -595,6 +597,8 @@ export class OpsViewNetworkActivity extends DeesElement {
    return html`
      <dees-table
        .data=${this.networkState.topIPs}
+        .rowKey=${'ip'}
+        .highlightUpdates=${'flash'}
        .displayFunction=${(ipData: { ip: string; count: number }) => {
          const bw = bandwidthByIP.get(ipData.ip);
          return {
@@ -624,6 +628,8 @@ export class OpsViewNetworkActivity extends DeesElement {
    return html`
      <dees-table
        .data=${backends}
+        .rowKey=${'backend'}
+        .highlightUpdates=${'flash'}
        .displayFunction=${(item: interfaces.data.IBackendInfo) => {
          const totalErrors = item.connectErrors + item.handshakeErrors + item.requestErrors;
          const protocolClass = item.protocol.toLowerCase().replace(/[^a-z0-9]/g, '');
@@ -724,37 +730,24 @@ export class OpsViewNetworkActivity extends DeesElement {
      this.requestsPerSecHistory.shift();
    }

-    // Only update if connections changed significantly
-    const newConnectionCount = this.networkState.connections.length;
-    const oldConnectionCount = this.networkRequests.length;
-
-    // Check if we need to update the network requests array
-    const shouldUpdate = newConnectionCount !== oldConnectionCount ||
-                        newConnectionCount === 0 ||
-                        (newConnectionCount > 0 && this.networkRequests.length === 0);
-
-    if (shouldUpdate) {
-      // Convert connection data to network requests format
-      if (newConnectionCount > 0) {
-        this.networkRequests = this.networkState.connections.map((conn, index) => ({
-          id: conn.id,
-          timestamp: conn.startTime,
-          method: 'GET', // Default method for proxy connections
-          url: '/',
-          hostname: conn.remoteAddress,
-          port: conn.protocol === 'https' ? 443 : 80,
-          protocol: conn.protocol === 'https' || conn.protocol === 'http' ? conn.protocol : 'tcp',
-          statusCode: conn.state === 'connected' ? 200 : undefined,
-          duration: Date.now() - conn.startTime,
-          bytesIn: conn.bytesReceived,
-          bytesOut: conn.bytesSent,
-          remoteIp: conn.remoteAddress,
-          route: 'proxy',
-        }));
-      } else {
-        this.networkRequests = [];
-      }
-    }
+    // Reassign unconditionally so dees-table's flash diff can compare per-cell
+    // values against the previous snapshot. Row identity is preserved via
+    // rowKey='id', so DOM nodes are reused across ticks.
+    this.networkRequests = this.networkState.connections.map((conn) => ({
+      id: conn.id,
+      timestamp: conn.startTime,
+      method: 'GET', // Default method for proxy connections
+      url: '/',
+      hostname: conn.remoteAddress,
+      port: conn.protocol === 'https' ? 443 : 80,
+      protocol: conn.protocol === 'https' || conn.protocol === 'http' ? conn.protocol : 'tcp',
+      statusCode: conn.state === 'connected' ? 200 : undefined,
+      duration: Date.now() - conn.startTime,
+      bytesIn: conn.bytesReceived,
+      bytesOut: conn.bytesSent,
+      remoteIp: conn.remoteAddress,
+      route: 'proxy',
+    }));

    // Load server-side throughput history into chart (once)
    if (!this.historyLoaded && this.networkState.throughputHistory && this.networkState.throughputHistory.length > 0) {
--- a/ts_web/elements/network/ops-view-remoteingress.ts
+++ b/ts_web/elements/network/ops-view-remoteingress.ts
@@ -220,6 +220,8 @@ export class OpsViewRemoteIngress extends DeesElement {
          .heading1=${'Edge Nodes'}
          .heading2=${'Manage remote ingress edge registrations'}
          .data=${this.riState.edges}
+          .rowKey=${'id'}
+          .highlightUpdates=${'flash'}
          .showColumnFilters=${true}
          .displayFunction=${(edge: interfaces.data.IRemoteIngress) => ({
            name: edge.name,
@@ -241,9 +243,9 @@ export class OpsViewRemoteIngress extends DeesElement {
                  content: html`
                    <dees-form>
                      <dees-input-text .key=${'name'} .label=${'Name'} .required=${true}></dees-input-text>
-                      <dees-input-text .key=${'listenPorts'} .label=${'Additional Manual Ports (comma-separated, optional)'}></dees-input-text>
+                      <dees-input-text .key=${'listenPorts'} .label=${'Manual Ports'} .description=${'Comma-separated port numbers, optional'}></dees-input-text>
                      <dees-input-checkbox .key=${'autoDerivePorts'} .label=${'Auto-derive ports from routes'} .value=${true}></dees-input-checkbox>
-                      <dees-input-text .key=${'tags'} .label=${'Tags (comma-separated, optional)'}></dees-input-text>
+                      <dees-input-text .key=${'tags'} .label=${'Tags'} .description=${'Comma-separated, optional'}></dees-input-text>
                    </dees-form>
                  `,
                  menuOptions: [
@@ -318,9 +320,9 @@ export class OpsViewRemoteIngress extends DeesElement {
                  content: html`
                    <dees-form>
                      <dees-input-text .key=${'name'} .label=${'Name'} .value=${edge.name}></dees-input-text>
-                      <dees-input-text .key=${'listenPorts'} .label=${'Manual Ports (comma-separated)'} .value=${(edge.listenPorts || []).join(', ')}></dees-input-text>
+                      <dees-input-text .key=${'listenPorts'} .label=${'Manual Ports'} .description=${'Comma-separated port numbers'} .value=${(edge.listenPorts || []).join(', ')}></dees-input-text>
                      <dees-input-checkbox .key=${'autoDerivePorts'} .label=${'Auto-derive ports from routes'} .value=${edge.autoDerivePorts !== false}></dees-input-checkbox>
-                      <dees-input-text .key=${'tags'} .label=${'Tags (comma-separated)'} .value=${(edge.tags || []).join(', ')}></dees-input-text>
+                      <dees-input-text .key=${'tags'} .label=${'Tags'} .description=${'Comma-separated'} .value=${(edge.tags || []).join(', ')}></dees-input-text>
                    </dees-form>
                  `,
                  menuOptions: [
--- a/ts_web/elements/network/ops-view-routes.ts
+++ b/ts_web/elements/network/ops-view-routes.ts
@@ -473,19 +473,19 @@ export class OpsViewRoutes extends DeesElement {
      content: html`
        <dees-form>
          <dees-input-text .key=${'name'} .label=${'Route Name'} .value=${route.name || ''} .required=${true}></dees-input-text>
-          <dees-input-text .key=${'ports'} .label=${'Ports (comma-separated)'} .value=${currentPorts} .required=${true}></dees-input-text>
+          <dees-input-text .key=${'ports'} .label=${'Ports'} .description=${'Comma-separated, e.g. 80, 443'} .value=${currentPorts} .required=${true}></dees-input-text>
          <dees-input-list .key=${'domains'} .label=${'Domains'} .placeholder=${'Add domain...'} .value=${currentDomains}></dees-input-list>
-          <dees-input-text .key=${'priority'} .label=${'Priority (higher = matched first)'} .value=${route.priority != null ? String(route.priority) : ''}></dees-input-text>
+          <dees-input-text .key=${'priority'} .label=${'Priority'} .description=${'Higher values are matched first'} .value=${route.priority != null ? String(route.priority) : ''}></dees-input-text>
          <dees-input-dropdown .key=${'sourceProfileRef'} .label=${'Source Profile'} .options=${profileOptions} .selectedOption=${profileOptions.find((o) => o.key === (merged.metadata?.sourceProfileRef || '')) || null}></dees-input-dropdown>
          <dees-input-dropdown .key=${'networkTargetRef'} .label=${'Network Target'} .options=${targetOptions} .selectedOption=${targetOptions.find((o) => o.key === (merged.metadata?.networkTargetRef || '')) || null}></dees-input-dropdown>
-          <dees-input-text .key=${'targetHost'} .label=${'Target Host (if no target selected)'} .value=${currentTargetHost}></dees-input-text>
-          <dees-input-text .key=${'targetPort'} .label=${'Target Port (if no target selected)'} .value=${currentTargetPort}></dees-input-text>
+          <dees-input-text .key=${'targetHost'} .label=${'Target Host'} .description=${'Used when no network target is selected'} .value=${currentTargetHost}></dees-input-text>
+          <dees-input-text .key=${'targetPort'} .label=${'Target Port'} .description=${'Used when no network target is selected'} .value=${currentTargetPort}></dees-input-text>
          <dees-input-dropdown .key=${'tlsMode'} .label=${'TLS Mode'} .options=${tlsModeOptions} .selectedOption=${tlsModeOptions.find((o) => o.key === currentTlsMode) || tlsModeOptions[0]}></dees-input-dropdown>
          <div class="tlsCertificateGroup" style="display: ${needsCert ? 'flex' : 'none'}; flex-direction: column; gap: 16px;">
            <dees-input-dropdown .key=${'tlsCertificate'} .label=${'Certificate'} .options=${tlsCertOptions} .selectedOption=${tlsCertOptions.find((o) => o.key === currentTlsCert) || tlsCertOptions[0]}></dees-input-dropdown>
            <div class="tlsCustomCertGroup" style="display: ${needsCert && isCustom ? 'flex' : 'none'}; flex-direction: column; gap: 16px;">
-              <dees-input-text .key=${'tlsCertKey'} .label=${'Private Key (PEM)'} .value=${currentCustomKey}></dees-input-text>
-              <dees-input-text .key=${'tlsCertCert'} .label=${'Certificate (PEM)'} .value=${currentCustomCert}></dees-input-text>
+              <dees-input-text .key=${'tlsCertKey'} .label=${'Private Key'} .description=${'PEM-encoded private key'} .value=${currentCustomKey}></dees-input-text>
+              <dees-input-text .key=${'tlsCertCert'} .label=${'Certificate'} .description=${'PEM-encoded certificate'} .value=${currentCustomCert}></dees-input-text>
            </div>
          </div>
        </dees-form>
@@ -607,19 +607,19 @@ export class OpsViewRoutes extends DeesElement {
      content: html`
        <dees-form>
          <dees-input-text .key=${'name'} .label=${'Route Name'} .required=${true}></dees-input-text>
-          <dees-input-text .key=${'ports'} .label=${'Ports (comma-separated)'} .required=${true}></dees-input-text>
+          <dees-input-text .key=${'ports'} .label=${'Ports'} .description=${'Comma-separated, e.g. 80, 443'} .required=${true}></dees-input-text>
          <dees-input-list .key=${'domains'} .label=${'Domains'} .placeholder=${'Add domain...'}></dees-input-list>
-          <dees-input-text .key=${'priority'} .label=${'Priority (higher = matched first)'}></dees-input-text>
+          <dees-input-text .key=${'priority'} .label=${'Priority'} .description=${'Higher values are matched first'}></dees-input-text>
          <dees-input-dropdown .key=${'sourceProfileRef'} .label=${'Source Profile'} .options=${profileOptions}></dees-input-dropdown>
          <dees-input-dropdown .key=${'networkTargetRef'} .label=${'Network Target'} .options=${targetOptions}></dees-input-dropdown>
-          <dees-input-text .key=${'targetHost'} .label=${'Target Host (if no target selected)'} .value=${'localhost'}></dees-input-text>
-          <dees-input-text .key=${'targetPort'} .label=${'Target Port (if no target selected)'}></dees-input-text>
+          <dees-input-text .key=${'targetHost'} .label=${'Target Host'} .description=${'Used when no network target is selected'} .value=${'localhost'}></dees-input-text>
+          <dees-input-text .key=${'targetPort'} .label=${'Target Port'} .description=${'Used when no network target is selected'}></dees-input-text>
          <dees-input-dropdown .key=${'tlsMode'} .label=${'TLS Mode'} .options=${tlsModeOptions} .selectedOption=${tlsModeOptions[0]}></dees-input-dropdown>
          <div class="tlsCertificateGroup" style="display: none; flex-direction: column; gap: 16px;">
            <dees-input-dropdown .key=${'tlsCertificate'} .label=${'Certificate'} .options=${tlsCertOptions} .selectedOption=${tlsCertOptions[0]}></dees-input-dropdown>
            <div class="tlsCustomCertGroup" style="display: none; flex-direction: column; gap: 16px;">
-              <dees-input-text .key=${'tlsCertKey'} .label=${'Private Key (PEM)'}></dees-input-text>
-              <dees-input-text .key=${'tlsCertCert'} .label=${'Certificate (PEM)'}></dees-input-text>
+              <dees-input-text .key=${'tlsCertKey'} .label=${'Private Key'} .description=${'PEM-encoded private key'}></dees-input-text>
+              <dees-input-text .key=${'tlsCertCert'} .label=${'Certificate'} .description=${'PEM-encoded certificate'}></dees-input-text>
            </div>
          </div>
        </dees-form>
--- a/ts_web/elements/network/ops-view-targetprofiles.ts
+++ b/ts_web/elements/network/ops-view-targetprofiles.ts
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ export class OpsViewTargetProfiles extends DeesElement {
          <dees-input-text .key=${'name'} .label=${'Name'} .required=${true}></dees-input-text>
          <dees-input-text .key=${'description'} .label=${'Description'}></dees-input-text>
          <dees-input-list .key=${'domains'} .label=${'Domains'} .placeholder=${'e.g. *.example.com'} .allowFreeform=${true}></dees-input-list>
-          <dees-input-list .key=${'targets'} .label=${'Targets (ip:port)'} .placeholder=${'e.g. 10.0.0.1:443'} .allowFreeform=${true}></dees-input-list>
+          <dees-input-list .key=${'targets'} .label=${'Targets'} .description=${'Format: ip:port, e.g. 10.0.0.1:443'} .placeholder=${'e.g. 10.0.0.1:443'} .allowFreeform=${true}></dees-input-list>
          <dees-input-list .key=${'routeRefs'} .label=${'Route Refs'} .placeholder=${'Type to search routes...'} .candidates=${routeCandidates} .allowFreeform=${true}></dees-input-list>
        </dees-form>
      `,
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ export class OpsViewTargetProfiles extends DeesElement {
          <dees-input-text .key=${'name'} .label=${'Name'} .value=${profile.name}></dees-input-text>
          <dees-input-text .key=${'description'} .label=${'Description'} .value=${profile.description || ''}></dees-input-text>
          <dees-input-list .key=${'domains'} .label=${'Domains'} .placeholder=${'e.g. *.example.com'} .allowFreeform=${true} .value=${currentDomains}></dees-input-list>
-          <dees-input-list .key=${'targets'} .label=${'Targets (ip:port)'} .placeholder=${'e.g. 10.0.0.1:443'} .allowFreeform=${true} .value=${currentTargets}></dees-input-list>
+          <dees-input-list .key=${'targets'} .label=${'Targets'} .description=${'Format: ip:port, e.g. 10.0.0.1:443'} .placeholder=${'e.g. 10.0.0.1:443'} .allowFreeform=${true} .value=${currentTargets}></dees-input-list>
          <dees-input-list .key=${'routeRefs'} .label=${'Route Refs'} .placeholder=${'Type to search routes...'} .candidates=${routeCandidates} .allowFreeform=${true} .value=${currentRouteRefs}></dees-input-list>
        </dees-form>
      `,
--- a/ts_web/elements/network/ops-view-vpn.ts
+++ b/ts_web/elements/network/ops-view-vpn.ts
@@ -305,6 +305,8 @@ export class OpsViewVpn extends DeesElement {
        .heading1=${'VPN Clients'}
        .heading2=${'Manage WireGuard and SmartVPN client registrations'}
        .data=${clients}
+        .rowKey=${'clientId'}
+        .highlightUpdates=${'flash'}
        .showColumnFilters=${true}
        .displayFunction=${(client: interfaces.data.IVpnClient) => {
          const conn = this.getConnectedInfo(client);
@@ -369,8 +371,8 @@ export class OpsViewVpn extends DeesElement {
                    </div>
                    <dees-input-checkbox .key=${'allowAdditionalAcls'} .label=${'Allow additional ACLs'} .value=${false}></dees-input-checkbox>
                    <div class="aclGroup" style="display: none; flex-direction: column; gap: 16px;">
-                      <dees-input-text .key=${'destinationAllowList'} .label=${'Destination Allow List (comma-separated IPs/CIDRs)'}></dees-input-text>
-                      <dees-input-text .key=${'destinationBlockList'} .label=${'Destination Block List (comma-separated IPs/CIDRs)'}></dees-input-text>
+                      <dees-input-text .key=${'destinationAllowList'} .label=${'Destination Allow List'} .description=${'Comma-separated IPs or CIDRs'}></dees-input-text>
+                      <dees-input-text .key=${'destinationBlockList'} .label=${'Destination Block List'} .description=${'Comma-separated IPs or CIDRs'}></dees-input-text>
                    </div>
                  </dees-form>
                `,
@@ -679,8 +681,8 @@ export class OpsViewVpn extends DeesElement {
                    </div>
                    <dees-input-checkbox .key=${'allowAdditionalAcls'} .label=${'Allow additional ACLs'} .value=${currentAllowAcls}></dees-input-checkbox>
                    <div class="aclGroup" style="display: ${currentAllowAcls ? 'flex' : 'none'}; flex-direction: column; gap: 16px;">
-                      <dees-input-text .key=${'destinationAllowList'} .label=${'Destination Allow List (comma-separated IPs/CIDRs)'} .value=${currentAllowList}></dees-input-text>
-                      <dees-input-text .key=${'destinationBlockList'} .label=${'Destination Block List (comma-separated IPs/CIDRs)'} .value=${currentBlockList}></dees-input-text>
+                      <dees-input-text .key=${'destinationAllowList'} .label=${'Destination Allow List'} .description=${'Comma-separated IPs or CIDRs'} .value=${currentAllowList}></dees-input-text>
+                      <dees-input-text .key=${'destinationBlockList'} .label=${'Destination Block List'} .description=${'Comma-separated IPs or CIDRs'} .value=${currentBlockList}></dees-input-text>
                    </div>
                  </dees-form>
                `,
--- a/ts_web/elements/ops-dashboard.ts
+++ b/ts_web/elements/ops-dashboard.ts
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ import { OpsViewVpn } from './network/ops-view-vpn.js';
 // Email group
 import { OpsViewEmails } from './email/ops-view-emails.js';
 import { OpsViewEmailSecurity } from './email/ops-view-email-security.js';
+import { OpsViewEmailDomains } from './email/ops-view-email-domains.js';

 // Access group
 import { OpsViewApiTokens } from './access/ops-view-apitokens.js';
@@ -108,6 +109,7 @@ export class OpsDashboard extends DeesElement {
      subViews: [
        { slug: 'log', name: 'Email Log', iconName: 'lucide:scrollText', element: OpsViewEmails },
        { slug: 'security', name: 'Email Security', iconName: 'lucide:shieldCheck', element: OpsViewEmailSecurity },
+        { slug: 'domains', name: 'Email Domains', iconName: 'lucide:globe', element: OpsViewEmailDomains },
      ],
    },
    {
--- a/ts_web/router.ts
+++ b/ts_web/router.ts
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ const flatViews = ['logs'] as const;
 const subviewMap: Record<string, readonly string[]> = {
  overview: ['stats', 'configuration'] as const,
  network: ['activity', 'routes', 'sourceprofiles', 'networktargets', 'targetprofiles', 'remoteingress', 'vpn'] as const,
-  email: ['log', 'security'] as const,
+  email: ['log', 'security', 'domains'] as const,
  access: ['apitokens', 'users'] as const,
  security: ['overview', 'blocked', 'authentication'] as const,
  domains: ['providers', 'domains', 'dns', 'certificates'] as const,
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Juergen Kunz	07a3365496	v13.13.0 Some checks failed Docker (tags) / security (push) Failing after 3s Details Docker (tags) / test (push) Has been skipped Details Docker (tags) / release (push) Has been skipped Details Docker (tags) / metadata (push) Has been skipped Details	2026-04-13 09:47:19 +00:00
Juergen Kunz	1c4f7dbb11	feat(dns): add domain migration between dcrouter and provider-managed DNS with unified ACME managed-domain handling	2026-04-13 09:47:19 +00:00
Juergen Kunz	1fdff79dd0	v13.12.0 Some checks failed Docker (tags) / security (push) Failing after 2s Details Docker (tags) / test (push) Has been skipped Details Docker (tags) / release (push) Has been skipped Details Docker (tags) / metadata (push) Has been skipped Details	2026-04-12 23:46:31 +00:00
Juergen Kunz	59b52d08fa	feat(email-domains): support creating email domains on optional subdomains	2026-04-12 23:46:31 +00:00
Juergen Kunz	2cdc392a40	v13.11.0 Some checks failed Docker (tags) / security (push) Failing after 2s Details Docker (tags) / test (push) Has been skipped Details Docker (tags) / release (push) Has been skipped Details Docker (tags) / metadata (push) Has been skipped Details	2026-04-12 22:09:20 +00:00
Juergen Kunz	433047bbf1	feat(email-domains): add email domain management with DNS provisioning, validation, and ops dashboard support	2026-04-12 22:09:20 +00:00
Juergen Kunz	0b81c95de2	v13.10.0 Some checks failed Docker (tags) / security (push) Failing after 3s Details Docker (tags) / test (push) Has been skipped Details Docker (tags) / release (push) Has been skipped Details Docker (tags) / metadata (push) Has been skipped Details	2026-04-12 20:43:57 +00:00
Juergen Kunz	196e5dfc1b	feat(web-ui): standardize settings views for ACME and email security panels	2026-04-12 20:43:57 +00:00
Juergen Kunz	60d095cd78	v13.9.2 Some checks failed Docker (tags) / security (push) Failing after 2m58s Details Docker (tags) / test (push) Has been skipped Details Docker (tags) / release (push) Has been skipped Details Docker (tags) / metadata (push) Has been skipped Details	2026-04-12 19:42:07 +00:00
Juergen Kunz	2861511d20	fix(web-ui): improve form field descriptions and align certificate settings with tile components	2026-04-12 19:42:07 +00:00
Juergen Kunz	b582d44502	v13.9.1 Some checks failed Docker (tags) / security (push) Failing after 3s Details Docker (tags) / test (push) Has been skipped Details Docker (tags) / release (push) Has been skipped Details Docker (tags) / metadata (push) Has been skipped Details	2026-04-08 15:26:12 +00:00
Juergen Kunz	36a2ebc94e	fix(network-ui): enable flashing table updates for network activity, remote ingress, and VPN views	2026-04-08 15:26:12 +00:00
Juergen Kunz	ed52a3188d	v13.9.0 Some checks failed Docker (tags) / security (push) Failing after 2s Details Docker (tags) / test (push) Has been skipped Details Docker (tags) / release (push) Has been skipped Details Docker (tags) / metadata (push) Has been skipped Details	2026-04-08 14:54:49 +00:00
Juergen Kunz	93cc5c7b06	feat(dns): add built-in dcrouter DNS provider support and rename manual domains to dcrouter-hosted/local	2026-04-08 14:54:49 +00:00
Juergen Kunz	5689e93665	v13.8.0 Some checks failed Docker (tags) / security (push) Failing after 2s Details Docker (tags) / test (push) Has been skipped Details Docker (tags) / release (push) Has been skipped Details Docker (tags) / metadata (push) Has been skipped Details	2026-04-08 13:12:20 +00:00
Juergen Kunz	c224028495	feat(acme): add DB-backed ACME configuration management and OpsServer certificate settings UI	2026-04-08 13:12:20 +00:00
				`@@ -0,0 +1 @@`
				`export * from './classes.email-domain.manager.js';`