v4.9.1

changelog.md

@@ -1,5 +1,33 @@
 # Changelog
 
+## 2026-03-18 - 4.9.1 - fix(readme)
+document QoS tiers, heartbeat frames, and adaptive flow control in the protocol overview
+
+- Adds PING, PONG, WINDOW_UPDATE, and WINDOW_UPDATE_BACK frame types to the protocol documentation
+- Describes the 3-tier priority queues for control, normal data, and sustained traffic
+- Explains sustained stream classification and adaptive per-stream window sizing
+
+## 2026-03-18 - 4.9.0 - feat(protocol)
+add sustained-stream tunnel scheduling to isolate high-throughput traffic
+
+- Introduce a third low-priority sustained queue in TunnelIo with a forced drain budget to prevent long-lived high-bandwidth streams from starving control and normal data frames.
+- Classify upload and download streams as sustained after exceeding the throughput threshold for the minimum duration, and route their DATA and CLOSE frames through the sustained channel.
+- Wire the new sustained channel through edge and hub stream handling so sustained traffic is scheduled consistently on both sides of the tunnel.
+
+## 2026-03-18 - 4.8.19 - fix(remoteingress-protocol)
+reduce per-stream flow control windows and increase control channel buffering
+
+- Lower the initial and maximum per-stream window from 16MB to 4MB and scale adaptive windows against a 200MB total budget with a 1MB minimum.
+- Increase edge and hub control frame channel capacity from 256 to 512 to better handle prioritized control traffic.
+- Update flow-control tests and comments to reflect the new window sizing and budget behavior.
+
+## 2026-03-17 - 4.8.18 - fix(rust-protocol)
+switch tunnel frame buffers from Vec<u8> to Bytes to reduce copying and memory overhead
+
+- Add the bytes crate to core and protocol crates
+- Update frame encoding, reader payloads, channel queues, and stream backchannels to use Bytes
+- Adjust edge and hub data/control paths to send framed payloads as Bytes
+
 ## 2026-03-17 - 4.8.17 - fix(protocol)
 increase per-stream flow control windows and remove adaptive read caps
 

package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@serve.zone/remoteingress",
-  "version": "4.8.17",
+  "version": "4.9.1",
   "private": false,
   "description": "Edge ingress tunnel for DcRouter - accepts incoming TCP connections at network edge and tunnels them to DcRouter SmartProxy preserving client IP via PROXY protocol v1.",
   "main": "dist_ts/index.js",

readme.md

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ pnpm install @serve.zone/remoteingress
 `@serve.zone/remoteingress` uses a **Hub/Edge** topology with a high-performance Rust core and a TypeScript API surface:
 
 ```
-┌─────────────────────┐          TLS Tunnel           ┌─────────────────────┐
+┌─────────────────────┐          TLS Tunnel            ┌─────────────────────┐
 │   Network Edge      │  ◄══════════════════════════►  │   Private Cluster   │
 │                     │   (multiplexed frames +        │                     │
 │  RemoteIngressEdge  │    shared-secret auth)         │  RemoteIngressHub   │
@@ -48,6 +48,8 @@ pnpm install @serve.zone/remoteingress
 - 🎛️ **Dynamic port configuration** — the hub assigns listen ports per edge and can hot-reload them at runtime via `FRAME_CONFIG` frames
 - 📣 **Event-driven** — both Hub and Edge extend `EventEmitter` for real-time monitoring
 - ⚡ **Rust core** — all frame encoding, TLS, and TCP proxying happen in native code for maximum throughput
+- 🎚️ **3-tier QoS** — control frames, normal data, and sustained (elephant flow) traffic each get their own priority queue
+- 📊 **Adaptive flow control** — per-stream windows scale with active stream count to prevent memory overuse
 
 ## 🚀 Usage
 
@@ -280,6 +282,10 @@ The tunnel uses a custom binary frame protocol over TLS:
 | `DATA_BACK` | `0x04` | Hub → Edge | Response data flowing downstream |
 | `CLOSE_BACK` | `0x05` | Hub → Edge | Upstream (SmartProxy) closed the connection |
 | `CONFIG` | `0x06` | Hub → Edge | Runtime configuration update (e.g. port changes); payload is JSON |
+| `PING` | `0x07` | Hub → Edge | Heartbeat probe (sent every 15s) |
+| `PONG` | `0x08` | Edge → Hub | Heartbeat response |
+| `WINDOW_UPDATE` | `0x09` | Edge → Hub | Per-stream flow control: edge consumed N bytes, hub can send more |
+| `WINDOW_UPDATE_BACK` | `0x0A` | Hub → Edge | Per-stream flow control: hub consumed N bytes, edge can send more |
 
 Max payload size per frame: **16 MB**. Stream IDs are 32-bit unsigned integers.
 
@@ -292,6 +298,42 @@ Max payload size per frame: **16 MB**. Stream IDs are 32-bit unsigned integers.
 5. Frame protocol begins — `OPEN`/`DATA`/`CLOSE` frames flow in both directions
 6. Hub can push `CONFIG` frames at any time to update the edge's listen ports
 
+## 🎚️ QoS & Flow Control
+
+The tunnel multiplexer uses a **3-tier priority system** and **per-stream flow control** to ensure fair bandwidth sharing across thousands of concurrent streams.
+
+### Priority Tiers
+
+All outbound frames are queued into one of three priority levels:
+
+| Tier | Queue | Frames | Behavior |
+|------|-------|--------|----------|
+| 🔴 **Control** (highest) | `ctrl_queue` | PING, PONG, WINDOW_UPDATE, OPEN, CLOSE, CONFIG | Always drained first. Never delayed. |
+| 🟡 **Data** (normal) | `data_queue` | DATA, DATA_BACK from normal streams | Drained when ctrl is empty. Gated at 64 buffered items for backpressure. |
+| 🟢 **Sustained** (lowest) | `sustained_queue` | DATA, DATA_BACK from elephant flows | Drained freely when ctrl+data are empty. Otherwise guaranteed **1 MB/s** via forced drain every second. |
+
+This prevents large bulk transfers (e.g. git clones, file downloads) from starving interactive traffic and ensures `WINDOW_UPDATE` frames are never delayed — which would cause flow control deadlocks.
+
+### Sustained Stream Classification
+
+A stream is automatically classified as **sustained** (elephant flow) when:
+- It has been active for **>10 seconds**, AND
+- Its average throughput exceeds **20 Mbit/s** (2.5 MB/s)
+
+Once classified, the stream's flow control window is locked to the **1 MB floor** and its data frames move to the lowest-priority queue. Classification is one-way — a stream never gets promoted back to normal.
+
+### Adaptive Per-Stream Windows
+
+Each stream has a send window that limits bytes-in-flight. The window size adapts to the number of active streams using a shared **200 MB memory budget**:
+
+| Active Streams | Window per Stream |
+|---|---|
+| 1–50 | 4 MB (maximum) |
+| 51–100 | Scales down (4 MB → 2 MB) |
+| 200+ | 1 MB (floor) |
+
+The consumer sends `WINDOW_UPDATE` frames after processing data, allowing the producer to send more. This prevents any single stream from consuming unbounded memory and provides natural backpressure.
+
 ## 💡 Example Scenarios
 
 ### 1. Expose a Private Kubernetes Cluster to the Internet

rust/Cargo.lock

@@ -551,6 +551,7 @@ dependencies = [
 name = "remoteingress-core"
 version = "2.0.0"
 dependencies = [
+ "bytes",
  "log",
  "rcgen",
  "remoteingress-protocol",
@@ -568,6 +569,7 @@ dependencies = [
 name = "remoteingress-protocol"
 version = "2.0.0"
 dependencies = [
+ "bytes",
  "log",
  "tokio",
  "tokio-util",

rust/crates/remoteingress-core/Cargo.toml

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ edition = "2021"
 remoteingress-protocol = { path = "../remoteingress-protocol" }
 tokio = { version = "1", features = ["full"] }
 tokio-rustls = "0.26"
+bytes = "1"
 rustls = { version = "0.23", default-features = false, features = ["ring", "logging", "std", "tls12"] }
 rcgen = "0.13"
 serde = { version = "1", features = ["derive"] }

rust/crates/remoteingress-core/src/edge.rs

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ use tokio_rustls::TlsConnector;
 use tokio_util::sync::CancellationToken;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
+use bytes::Bytes;
 use remoteingress_protocol::*;
 
 type EdgeTlsStream = tokio_rustls::client::TlsStream<TcpStream>;
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ enum EdgeFrameAction {
 struct EdgeStreamState {
     /// Unbounded channel to deliver FRAME_DATA_BACK payloads to the hub_to_client task.
     /// Unbounded because flow control (WINDOW_UPDATE) already limits bytes-in-flight.
-    back_tx: mpsc::UnboundedSender<Vec<u8>>,
+    back_tx: mpsc::UnboundedSender<Bytes>,
     /// Send window for FRAME_DATA (upload direction).
     /// Decremented by the client reader, incremented by FRAME_WINDOW_UPDATE_BACK from hub.
     send_window: Arc<AtomicU32>,
@@ -290,8 +291,9 @@ async fn handle_edge_frame(
     client_writers: &Arc<Mutex<HashMap<u32, EdgeStreamState>>>,
     listen_ports: &Arc<RwLock<Vec<u16>>>,
     event_tx: &mpsc::Sender<EdgeEvent>,
-    tunnel_writer_tx: &mpsc::Sender<Vec<u8>>,
-    tunnel_data_tx: &mpsc::Sender<Vec<u8>>,
+    tunnel_writer_tx: &mpsc::Sender<Bytes>,
+    tunnel_data_tx: &mpsc::Sender<Bytes>,
+    tunnel_sustained_tx: &mpsc::Sender<Bytes>,
     port_listeners: &mut HashMap<u16, JoinHandle<()>>,
     active_streams: &Arc<AtomicU32>,
     next_stream_id: &Arc<AtomicU32>,
@@ -342,6 +344,7 @@ async fn handle_edge_frame(
                     port_listeners,
                     tunnel_writer_tx,
                     tunnel_data_tx,
+                    tunnel_sustained_tx,
                     client_writers,
                     active_streams,
                     next_stream_id,
@@ -496,8 +499,9 @@ async fn connect_to_hub_and_run(
 
     // QoS dual-channel: ctrl frames have priority over data frames.
     // Stream handlers send through these channels → TunnelIo drains them.
-    let (tunnel_ctrl_tx, mut tunnel_ctrl_rx) = mpsc::channel::<Vec<u8>>(256);
-    let (tunnel_data_tx, mut tunnel_data_rx) = mpsc::channel::<Vec<u8>>(4096);
+    let (tunnel_ctrl_tx, mut tunnel_ctrl_rx) = mpsc::channel::<Bytes>(512);
+    let (tunnel_data_tx, mut tunnel_data_rx) = mpsc::channel::<Bytes>(4096);
+    let (tunnel_sustained_tx, mut tunnel_sustained_rx) = mpsc::channel::<Bytes>(4096);
     let tunnel_writer_tx = tunnel_ctrl_tx.clone();
 
     // Start TCP listeners for initial ports
@@ -508,6 +512,7 @@ async fn connect_to_hub_and_run(
         &mut port_listeners,
         &tunnel_writer_tx,
         &tunnel_data_tx,
+        &tunnel_sustained_tx,
         &client_writers,
         active_streams,
         next_stream_id,
@@ -539,7 +544,7 @@ async fn connect_to_hub_and_run(
             liveness_deadline.as_mut().reset(last_activity + liveness_timeout_dur);
             if let EdgeFrameAction::Disconnect(reason) = handle_edge_frame(
                 frame, &mut tunnel_io, &client_writers, listen_ports, event_tx,
-                &tunnel_writer_tx, &tunnel_data_tx, &mut port_listeners,
+                &tunnel_writer_tx, &tunnel_data_tx, &tunnel_sustained_tx, &mut port_listeners,
                 active_streams, next_stream_id, &config.edge_id, connection_token, bind_address,
             ).await {
                 break 'io_loop EdgeLoopResult::Reconnect(reason);
@@ -548,7 +553,7 @@ async fn connect_to_hub_and_run(
 
         // Poll I/O: write(ctrl→data), flush, read, channels, timers
         let event = std::future::poll_fn(|cx| {
-            tunnel_io.poll_step(cx, &mut tunnel_ctrl_rx, &mut tunnel_data_rx, &mut liveness_deadline, connection_token)
+            tunnel_io.poll_step(cx, &mut tunnel_ctrl_rx, &mut tunnel_data_rx, &mut tunnel_sustained_rx, &mut liveness_deadline, connection_token)
         }).await;
 
         match event {
@@ -557,7 +562,7 @@ async fn connect_to_hub_and_run(
                 liveness_deadline.as_mut().reset(last_activity + liveness_timeout_dur);
                 if let EdgeFrameAction::Disconnect(reason) = handle_edge_frame(
                     frame, &mut tunnel_io, &client_writers, listen_ports, event_tx,
-                    &tunnel_writer_tx, &tunnel_data_tx, &mut port_listeners,
+                    &tunnel_writer_tx, &tunnel_data_tx, &tunnel_sustained_tx, &mut port_listeners,
                     active_streams, next_stream_id, &config.edge_id, connection_token, bind_address,
                 ).await {
                     break EdgeLoopResult::Reconnect(reason);
@@ -612,8 +617,9 @@ async fn connect_to_hub_and_run(
 fn apply_port_config(
     new_ports: &[u16],
     port_listeners: &mut HashMap<u16, JoinHandle<()>>,
-    tunnel_ctrl_tx: &mpsc::Sender<Vec<u8>>,
-    tunnel_data_tx: &mpsc::Sender<Vec<u8>>,
+    tunnel_ctrl_tx: &mpsc::Sender<Bytes>,
+    tunnel_data_tx: &mpsc::Sender<Bytes>,
+    tunnel_sustained_tx: &mpsc::Sender<Bytes>,
     client_writers: &Arc<Mutex<HashMap<u32, EdgeStreamState>>>,
     active_streams: &Arc<AtomicU32>,
     next_stream_id: &Arc<AtomicU32>,
@@ -636,6 +642,7 @@ fn apply_port_config(
     for &port in new_set.difference(&old_set) {
         let tunnel_ctrl_tx = tunnel_ctrl_tx.clone();
         let tunnel_data_tx = tunnel_data_tx.clone();
+        let tunnel_sustained_tx = tunnel_sustained_tx.clone();
         let client_writers = client_writers.clone();
         let active_streams = active_streams.clone();
         let next_stream_id = next_stream_id.clone();
@@ -670,6 +677,7 @@ fn apply_port_config(
                                 let stream_id = next_stream_id.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
                                 let tunnel_ctrl_tx = tunnel_ctrl_tx.clone();
                                 let tunnel_data_tx = tunnel_data_tx.clone();
+                                let tunnel_sustained_tx = tunnel_sustained_tx.clone();
                                 let client_writers = client_writers.clone();
                                 let active_streams = active_streams.clone();
                                 let edge_id = edge_id.clone();
@@ -686,6 +694,7 @@ fn apply_port_config(
                                         &edge_id,
                                         tunnel_ctrl_tx,
                                         tunnel_data_tx,
+                                        tunnel_sustained_tx,
                                         client_writers,
                                         client_token,
                                         Arc::clone(&active_streams),
@@ -727,8 +736,9 @@ async fn handle_client_connection(
     stream_id: u32,
     dest_port: u16,
     edge_id: &str,
-    tunnel_ctrl_tx: mpsc::Sender<Vec<u8>>,
-    tunnel_data_tx: mpsc::Sender<Vec<u8>>,
+    tunnel_ctrl_tx: mpsc::Sender<Bytes>,
+    tunnel_data_tx: mpsc::Sender<Bytes>,
+    tunnel_sustained_tx: mpsc::Sender<Bytes>,
     client_writers: Arc<Mutex<HashMap<u32, EdgeStreamState>>>,
     client_token: CancellationToken,
     active_streams: Arc<AtomicU32>,
@@ -753,9 +763,9 @@ async fn handle_client_connection(
     // Per-stream unbounded back-channel. Flow control (WINDOW_UPDATE) limits
     // bytes-in-flight, so this won't grow unbounded. Unbounded avoids killing
     // streams due to channel overflow — backpressure slows streams, never kills them.
-    let (back_tx, mut back_rx) = mpsc::unbounded_channel::<Vec<u8>>();
+    let (back_tx, mut back_rx) = mpsc::unbounded_channel::<Bytes>();
     // Adaptive initial window: scale with current stream count to keep total in-flight
-    // data within the 32MB budget. Prevents burst flooding when many streams open.
+    // data within the 200MB budget. Prevents burst flooding when many streams open.
     let initial_window = remoteingress_protocol::compute_window_for_stream_count(
         active_streams.load(Ordering::Relaxed),
     );
@@ -832,6 +842,9 @@ async fn handle_client_connection(
     // Task: client -> hub (upload direction) with per-stream flow control.
     // Zero-copy: read payload directly after the header, then prepend header.
     let mut buf = vec![0u8; FRAME_HEADER_SIZE + 32768];
+    let mut stream_bytes_sent: u64 = 0;
+    let stream_start = tokio::time::Instant::now();
+    let mut is_sustained = false;
     loop {
         // Wait for send window to have capacity (with stall timeout).
         // Safe pattern: register notified BEFORE checking the condition
@@ -871,9 +884,22 @@ async fn handle_client_connection(
                     Ok(n) => {
                         send_window.fetch_sub(n as u32, Ordering::Release);
                         encode_frame_header(&mut buf, stream_id, FRAME_DATA, n);
-                        let data_frame = buf[..FRAME_HEADER_SIZE + n].to_vec();
+                        let data_frame = Bytes::copy_from_slice(&buf[..FRAME_HEADER_SIZE + n]);
+                        // Sustained classification: >2.5 MB/s for >10 seconds
+                        stream_bytes_sent += n as u64;
+                        if !is_sustained {
+                            let elapsed = stream_start.elapsed().as_secs();
+                            if elapsed >= remoteingress_protocol::SUSTAINED_MIN_DURATION_SECS
+                                && stream_bytes_sent / elapsed >= remoteingress_protocol::SUSTAINED_THRESHOLD_BPS
+                            {
+                                is_sustained = true;
+                                log::debug!("Stream {} classified as sustained (upload, {} bytes in {}s)",
+                                    stream_id, stream_bytes_sent, elapsed);
+                            }
+                        }
+                        let tx = if is_sustained { &tunnel_sustained_tx } else { &tunnel_data_tx };
                         let sent = tokio::select! {
-                            result = tunnel_data_tx.send(data_frame) => result.is_ok(),
+                            result = tx.send(data_frame) => result.is_ok(),
                             _ = client_token.cancelled() => false,
                         };
                         if !sent { break; }
@@ -900,8 +926,9 @@ async fn handle_client_connection(
     // select! with cancellation guard prevents indefinite blocking if tunnel dies.
     if !client_token.is_cancelled() {
         let close_frame = encode_frame(stream_id, FRAME_CLOSE, &[]);
+        let tx = if is_sustained { &tunnel_sustained_tx } else { &tunnel_data_tx };
         tokio::select! {
-            _ = tunnel_data_tx.send(close_frame) => {}
+            _ = tx.send(close_frame) => {}
             _ = client_token.cancelled() => {}
         }
     }

rust/crates/remoteingress-core/src/hub.rs

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ use tokio_rustls::TlsAcceptor;
 use tokio_util::sync::CancellationToken;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
+use bytes::Bytes;
 use remoteingress_protocol::*;
 
 type HubTlsStream = tokio_rustls::server::TlsStream<TcpStream>;
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ struct HubStreamState {
     /// Unbounded channel to deliver FRAME_DATA payloads to the upstream writer task.
     /// Unbounded because flow control (WINDOW_UPDATE) already limits bytes-in-flight.
     /// A bounded channel would kill streams instead of applying backpressure.
-    data_tx: mpsc::UnboundedSender<Vec<u8>>,
+    data_tx: mpsc::UnboundedSender<Bytes>,
     /// Cancellation token for this stream.
     cancel_token: CancellationToken,
     /// Send window for FRAME_DATA_BACK (download direction).
@@ -307,8 +308,9 @@ async fn handle_hub_frame(
     edge_stream_count: &Arc<AtomicU32>,
     edge_id: &str,
     event_tx: &mpsc::Sender<HubEvent>,
-    ctrl_tx: &mpsc::Sender<Vec<u8>>,
-    data_tx: &mpsc::Sender<Vec<u8>>,
+    ctrl_tx: &mpsc::Sender<Bytes>,
+    data_tx: &mpsc::Sender<Bytes>,
+    sustained_tx: &mpsc::Sender<Bytes>,
     target_host: &str,
     edge_token: &CancellationToken,
     cleanup_tx: &mpsc::Sender<u32>,
@@ -337,6 +339,7 @@ async fn handle_hub_frame(
             let cleanup = cleanup_tx.clone();
             let writer_tx = ctrl_tx.clone();   // control: CLOSE_BACK, WINDOW_UPDATE_BACK
             let data_writer_tx = data_tx.clone(); // data: DATA_BACK
+            let sustained_writer_tx = sustained_tx.clone(); // sustained: DATA_BACK from elephant flows
             let target = target_host.to_string();
             let stream_token = edge_token.child_token();
 
@@ -346,9 +349,9 @@ async fn handle_hub_frame(
             });
 
             // Create channel for data from edge to this stream
-            let (stream_data_tx, mut stream_data_rx) = mpsc::unbounded_channel::<Vec<u8>>();
+            let (stream_data_tx, mut stream_data_rx) = mpsc::unbounded_channel::<Bytes>();
             // Adaptive initial window: scale with current stream count
-            // to keep total in-flight data within the 32MB budget.
+            // to keep total in-flight data within the 200MB budget.
             let initial_window = compute_window_for_stream_count(
                 edge_stream_count.load(Ordering::Relaxed),
             );
@@ -457,6 +460,9 @@ async fn handle_hub_frame(
                     // with per-stream flow control (check send_window before reading).
                     // Zero-copy: read payload directly after the header, then prepend header.
                     let mut buf = vec![0u8; FRAME_HEADER_SIZE + 32768];
+                    let mut dl_bytes_sent: u64 = 0;
+                    let dl_start = tokio::time::Instant::now();
+                    let mut is_sustained = false;
                     loop {
                         // Wait for send window to have capacity (with stall timeout).
                         // Safe pattern: register notified BEFORE checking the condition
@@ -496,9 +502,22 @@ async fn handle_hub_frame(
                                     Ok(n) => {
                                         send_window.fetch_sub(n as u32, Ordering::Release);
                                         encode_frame_header(&mut buf, stream_id, FRAME_DATA_BACK, n);
-                                        let frame = buf[..FRAME_HEADER_SIZE + n].to_vec();
+                                        let frame = Bytes::copy_from_slice(&buf[..FRAME_HEADER_SIZE + n]);
+                                        // Sustained classification: >2.5 MB/s for >10 seconds
+                                        dl_bytes_sent += n as u64;
+                                        if !is_sustained {
+                                            let elapsed = dl_start.elapsed().as_secs();
+                                            if elapsed >= remoteingress_protocol::SUSTAINED_MIN_DURATION_SECS
+                                                && dl_bytes_sent / elapsed >= remoteingress_protocol::SUSTAINED_THRESHOLD_BPS
+                                            {
+                                                is_sustained = true;
+                                                log::debug!("Stream {} classified as sustained (download, {} bytes in {}s)",
+                                                    stream_id, dl_bytes_sent, elapsed);
+                                            }
+                                        }
+                                        let tx = if is_sustained { &sustained_writer_tx } else { &data_writer_tx };
                                         let sent = tokio::select! {
-                                            result = data_writer_tx.send(frame) => result.is_ok(),
+                                            result = tx.send(frame) => result.is_ok(),
                                             _ = stream_token.cancelled() => false,
                                         };
                                         if !sent { break; }
@@ -510,12 +529,13 @@ async fn handle_hub_frame(
                         }
                     }
 
-                    // Send CLOSE_BACK via DATA channel (must arrive AFTER last DATA_BACK).
+                    // Send CLOSE_BACK via same channel as DATA_BACK (must arrive AFTER last DATA_BACK).
                     // select! with cancellation guard prevents indefinite blocking if tunnel dies.
                     if !stream_token.is_cancelled() {
                         let close_frame = encode_frame(stream_id, FRAME_CLOSE_BACK, &[]);
+                        let tx = if is_sustained { &sustained_writer_tx } else { &data_writer_tx };
                         tokio::select! {
-                            _ = data_writer_tx.send(close_frame) => {}
+                            _ = tx.send(close_frame) => {}
                             _ = stream_token.cancelled() => {}
                         }
                     }
@@ -527,7 +547,9 @@ async fn handle_hub_frame(
 
                 if let Err(e) = result {
                     log::error!("Stream {} error: {}", stream_id, e);
-                    // Send CLOSE_BACK via DATA channel on error (must arrive after any DATA_BACK).
+                    // Send CLOSE_BACK on error (must arrive after any DATA_BACK).
+                    // Error path: is_sustained not available here, use data channel (safe —
+                    // if error occurs before classification, no sustained frames were sent).
                     if !stream_token.is_cancelled() {
                         let close_frame = encode_frame(stream_id, FRAME_CLOSE_BACK, &[]);
                         tokio::select! {
@@ -707,8 +729,9 @@ async fn handle_edge_connection(
 
     // QoS dual-channel: ctrl frames have priority over data frames.
     // Stream handlers send through these channels -> TunnelIo drains them.
-    let (ctrl_tx, mut ctrl_rx) = mpsc::channel::<Vec<u8>>(256);
-    let (data_tx, mut data_rx) = mpsc::channel::<Vec<u8>>(4096);
+    let (ctrl_tx, mut ctrl_rx) = mpsc::channel::<Bytes>(512);
+    let (data_tx, mut data_rx) = mpsc::channel::<Bytes>(4096);
+    let (sustained_tx, mut sustained_rx) = mpsc::channel::<Bytes>(4096);
 
     // Spawn task to forward config updates as FRAME_CONFIG frames
     let config_writer_tx = ctrl_tx.clone();
@@ -782,7 +805,7 @@ async fn handle_edge_connection(
             liveness_deadline.as_mut().reset(last_activity + liveness_timeout_dur);
             if let FrameAction::Disconnect(reason) = handle_hub_frame(
                 frame, &mut tunnel_io, &mut streams, &stream_semaphore, &edge_stream_count,
-                &edge_id, &event_tx, &ctrl_tx, &data_tx, &target_host, &edge_token,
+                &edge_id, &event_tx, &ctrl_tx, &data_tx, &sustained_tx, &target_host, &edge_token,
                 &cleanup_tx,
             ).await {
                 disconnect_reason = reason;
@@ -796,7 +819,7 @@ async fn handle_edge_connection(
             if ping_ticker.poll_tick(cx).is_ready() {
                 tunnel_io.queue_ctrl(encode_frame(0, FRAME_PING, &[]));
             }
-            tunnel_io.poll_step(cx, &mut ctrl_rx, &mut data_rx, &mut liveness_deadline, &edge_token)
+            tunnel_io.poll_step(cx, &mut ctrl_rx, &mut data_rx, &mut sustained_rx, &mut liveness_deadline, &edge_token)
         }).await;
 
         match event {
@@ -805,7 +828,7 @@ async fn handle_edge_connection(
                 liveness_deadline.as_mut().reset(last_activity + liveness_timeout_dur);
                 if let FrameAction::Disconnect(reason) = handle_hub_frame(
                     frame, &mut tunnel_io, &mut streams, &stream_semaphore, &edge_stream_count,
-                    &edge_id, &event_tx, &ctrl_tx, &data_tx, &target_host, &edge_token,
+                    &edge_id, &event_tx, &ctrl_tx, &data_tx, &sustained_tx, &target_host, &edge_token,
                     &cleanup_tx,
                 ).await {
                     disconnect_reason = reason;

rust/crates/remoteingress-protocol/Cargo.toml

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ edition = "2021"
 [dependencies]
 tokio = { version = "1", features = ["io-util", "sync", "time"] }
 tokio-util = "0.7"
+bytes = "1"
 log = "0.4"
 
 [dev-dependencies]

rust/crates/remoteingress-protocol/src/lib.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,10 @@ use std::collections::VecDeque;
 use std::future::Future;
 use std::pin::Pin;
 use std::task::{Context, Poll};
+use std::time::Duration;
+use bytes::{Bytes, BytesMut, BufMut};
 use tokio::io::{AsyncRead, AsyncReadExt, AsyncWrite, ReadBuf};
+use tokio::time::Instant;
 
 // Frame type constants
 pub const FRAME_OPEN: u8 = 0x01;
@@ -23,24 +26,34 @@ pub const FRAME_HEADER_SIZE: usize = 9;
 pub const MAX_PAYLOAD_SIZE: u32 = 16 * 1024 * 1024;
 
 // Per-stream flow control constants
-/// Initial (and maximum) per-stream window size (16 MB).
-pub const INITIAL_STREAM_WINDOW: u32 = 16 * 1024 * 1024;
+/// Initial (and maximum) per-stream window size (4 MB).
+pub const INITIAL_STREAM_WINDOW: u32 = 4 * 1024 * 1024;
 /// Send WINDOW_UPDATE after consuming this many bytes (half the initial window).
 pub const WINDOW_UPDATE_THRESHOLD: u32 = INITIAL_STREAM_WINDOW / 2;
 /// Maximum window size to prevent overflow.
-pub const MAX_WINDOW_SIZE: u32 = 16 * 1024 * 1024;
+pub const MAX_WINDOW_SIZE: u32 = 4 * 1024 * 1024;
+
+// Sustained stream classification constants
+/// Throughput threshold for sustained classification (2.5 MB/s = 20 Mbit/s).
+pub const SUSTAINED_THRESHOLD_BPS: u64 = 2_500_000;
+/// Minimum duration before a stream can be classified as sustained.
+pub const SUSTAINED_MIN_DURATION_SECS: u64 = 10;
+/// Fixed window for sustained streams (1 MB — the floor).
+pub const SUSTAINED_WINDOW: u32 = 1 * 1024 * 1024;
+/// Maximum bytes written from sustained queue per forced drain (1 MB/s guarantee).
+pub const SUSTAINED_FORCED_DRAIN_CAP: usize = 1_048_576;
 
 /// Encode a WINDOW_UPDATE frame for a specific stream.
-pub fn encode_window_update(stream_id: u32, frame_type: u8, increment: u32) -> Vec<u8> {
+pub fn encode_window_update(stream_id: u32, frame_type: u8, increment: u32) -> Bytes {
     encode_frame(stream_id, frame_type, &increment.to_be_bytes())
 }
 
 /// Compute the target per-stream window size based on the number of active streams.
-/// Total memory budget is ~800MB shared across all streams. Up to 50 streams get the
-/// full 16MB window; above that the window scales down to a 4MB floor at 200+ streams.
+/// Total memory budget is ~200MB shared across all streams. Up to 50 streams get the
+/// full 4MB window; above that the window scales down to a 1MB floor at 200+ streams.
 pub fn compute_window_for_stream_count(active: u32) -> u32 {
-    let per_stream = (800 * 1024 * 1024u64) / (active.max(1) as u64);
-    per_stream.clamp(4 * 1024 * 1024, INITIAL_STREAM_WINDOW as u64) as u32
+    let per_stream = (200 * 1024 * 1024u64) / (active.max(1) as u64);
+    per_stream.clamp(1 * 1024 * 1024, INITIAL_STREAM_WINDOW as u64) as u32
 }
 
 /// Decode a WINDOW_UPDATE payload into a byte increment. Returns None if payload is malformed.
@@ -56,18 +69,18 @@ pub fn decode_window_update(payload: &[u8]) -> Option<u32> {
 pub struct Frame {
     pub stream_id: u32,
     pub frame_type: u8,
-    pub payload: Vec<u8>,
+    pub payload: Bytes,
 }
 
 /// Encode a frame into bytes: [stream_id:4][type:1][length:4][payload]
-pub fn encode_frame(stream_id: u32, frame_type: u8, payload: &[u8]) -> Vec<u8> {
+pub fn encode_frame(stream_id: u32, frame_type: u8, payload: &[u8]) -> Bytes {
     let len = payload.len() as u32;
-    let mut buf = Vec::with_capacity(FRAME_HEADER_SIZE + payload.len());
-    buf.extend_from_slice(&stream_id.to_be_bytes());
-    buf.push(frame_type);
-    buf.extend_from_slice(&len.to_be_bytes());
-    buf.extend_from_slice(payload);
-    buf
+    let mut buf = BytesMut::with_capacity(FRAME_HEADER_SIZE + payload.len());
+    buf.put_slice(&stream_id.to_be_bytes());
+    buf.put_u8(frame_type);
+    buf.put_slice(&len.to_be_bytes());
+    buf.put_slice(payload);
+    buf.freeze()
 }
 
 /// Write a frame header into `buf[0..FRAME_HEADER_SIZE]`.
@@ -142,7 +155,7 @@ impl<R: AsyncRead + Unpin> FrameReader<R> {
             ));
         }
 
-        let mut payload = vec![0u8; length as usize];
+        let mut payload = BytesMut::zeroed(length as usize);
         if length > 0 {
             self.reader.read_exact(&mut payload).await?;
         }
@@ -150,7 +163,7 @@ impl<R: AsyncRead + Unpin> FrameReader<R> {
         Ok(Some(Frame {
             stream_id,
             frame_type,
-            payload,
+            payload: payload.freeze(),
         }))
     }
 
@@ -184,24 +197,30 @@ pub enum TunnelEvent {
 /// Write state extracted into a sub-struct so the borrow checker can see
 /// disjoint field access between `self.write` and `self.stream`.
 struct WriteState {
-    ctrl_queue: VecDeque<Vec<u8>>,   // PONG, WINDOW_UPDATE, CLOSE, OPEN — always first
-    data_queue: VecDeque<Vec<u8>>,   // DATA, DATA_BACK — only when ctrl is empty
-    offset: usize,                   // progress within current frame being written
+    ctrl_queue: VecDeque<Bytes>,      // PONG, WINDOW_UPDATE, CLOSE, OPEN — always first
+    data_queue: VecDeque<Bytes>,      // DATA, DATA_BACK — only when ctrl is empty
+    sustained_queue: VecDeque<Bytes>, // DATA, DATA_BACK from sustained streams — lowest priority
+    offset: usize,                    // progress within current frame being written
     flush_needed: bool,
+    // Sustained starvation prevention: guaranteed 1 MB/s drain
+    sustained_last_drain: Instant,
+    sustained_bytes_this_period: usize,
 }
 
 impl WriteState {
     fn has_work(&self) -> bool {
-        !self.ctrl_queue.is_empty() || !self.data_queue.is_empty()
+        !self.ctrl_queue.is_empty() || !self.data_queue.is_empty() || !self.sustained_queue.is_empty()
     }
 }
 
 /// Single-owner I/O engine for the tunnel TLS connection.
 ///
 /// Owns the TLS stream directly — no `tokio::io::split()`, no mutex.
-/// Uses two priority write queues: ctrl frames (PONG, WINDOW_UPDATE, CLOSE, OPEN)
-/// are ALWAYS written before data frames (DATA, DATA_BACK). This prevents
-/// WINDOW_UPDATE starvation that causes flow control deadlocks.
+/// Uses three priority write queues:
+///   1. ctrl  (PONG, WINDOW_UPDATE, CLOSE, OPEN) — always first
+///   2. data  (DATA, DATA_BACK from normal streams) — when ctrl empty
+///   3. sustained (DATA, DATA_BACK from sustained streams) — lowest priority,
+///      drained freely when ctrl+data empty, or forced 1MB/s when they're not
 pub struct TunnelIo<S> {
     stream: S,
     // Read state: accumulate bytes, parse frames incrementally
@@ -227,22 +246,30 @@ impl<S: AsyncRead + AsyncWrite + Unpin> TunnelIo<S> {
             write: WriteState {
                 ctrl_queue: VecDeque::new(),
                 data_queue: VecDeque::new(),
+                sustained_queue: VecDeque::new(),
                 offset: 0,
                 flush_needed: false,
+                sustained_last_drain: Instant::now(),
+                sustained_bytes_this_period: 0,
             },
         }
     }
 
     /// Queue a high-priority control frame (PONG, WINDOW_UPDATE, CLOSE, OPEN).
-    pub fn queue_ctrl(&mut self, frame: Vec<u8>) {
+    pub fn queue_ctrl(&mut self, frame: Bytes) {
         self.write.ctrl_queue.push_back(frame);
     }
 
     /// Queue a lower-priority data frame (DATA, DATA_BACK).
-    pub fn queue_data(&mut self, frame: Vec<u8>) {
+    pub fn queue_data(&mut self, frame: Bytes) {
         self.write.data_queue.push_back(frame);
     }
 
+    /// Queue a lowest-priority sustained data frame.
+    pub fn queue_sustained(&mut self, frame: Bytes) {
+        self.write.sustained_queue.push_back(frame);
+    }
+
     /// Try to parse a complete frame from the read buffer.
     /// Uses a parse_pos cursor to avoid drain() on every frame.
     pub fn try_parse_frame(&mut self) -> Option<Result<Frame, std::io::Error>> {
@@ -285,7 +312,9 @@ impl<S: AsyncRead + AsyncWrite + Unpin> TunnelIo<S> {
             return None;
         }
 
-        let payload = self.read_buf[base + FRAME_HEADER_SIZE..base + total_frame_size].to_vec();
+        let payload = Bytes::copy_from_slice(
+            &self.read_buf[base + FRAME_HEADER_SIZE..base + total_frame_size],
+        );
         self.parse_pos += total_frame_size;
 
         // Compact when parse_pos > half the data to reclaim memory
@@ -300,33 +329,42 @@ impl<S: AsyncRead + AsyncWrite + Unpin> TunnelIo<S> {
 
     /// Poll-based I/O step. Returns Ready on events, Pending when idle.
     ///
-    /// Order: write(ctrl→data) → flush → read → channels → timers
+    /// Order: write(ctrl->data->sustained) -> flush -> read -> channels -> timers
     pub fn poll_step(
         &mut self,
         cx: &mut Context<'_>,
-        ctrl_rx: &mut tokio::sync::mpsc::Receiver<Vec<u8>>,
-        data_rx: &mut tokio::sync::mpsc::Receiver<Vec<u8>>,
+        ctrl_rx: &mut tokio::sync::mpsc::Receiver<Bytes>,
+        data_rx: &mut tokio::sync::mpsc::Receiver<Bytes>,
+        sustained_rx: &mut tokio::sync::mpsc::Receiver<Bytes>,
         liveness_deadline: &mut Pin<Box<tokio::time::Sleep>>,
         cancel_token: &tokio_util::sync::CancellationToken,
     ) -> Poll<TunnelEvent> {
-        // 1. WRITE: drain ctrl queue first, then data queue.
+        // 1. WRITE: 3-tier priority — ctrl first, then data, then sustained.
+        //    Sustained drains freely when ctrl+data are empty.
         //    Write one frame, set flush_needed, then flush must complete before
         //    writing more. This prevents unbounded TLS session buffer growth.
         //    Safe: `self.write` and `self.stream` are disjoint fields.
         let mut writes = 0;
         while self.write.has_work() && writes < 16 && !self.write.flush_needed {
-            let from_ctrl = !self.write.ctrl_queue.is_empty();
-            let frame = if from_ctrl {
-                self.write.ctrl_queue.front().unwrap()
+            // Pick queue: ctrl > data > sustained
+            let queue_id = if !self.write.ctrl_queue.is_empty() {
+                0 // ctrl
+            } else if !self.write.data_queue.is_empty() {
+                1 // data
             } else {
-                self.write.data_queue.front().unwrap()
+                2 // sustained
+            };
+            let frame = match queue_id {
+                0 => self.write.ctrl_queue.front().unwrap(),
+                1 => self.write.data_queue.front().unwrap(),
+                _ => self.write.sustained_queue.front().unwrap(),
             };
             let remaining = &frame[self.write.offset..];
 
             match Pin::new(&mut self.stream).poll_write(cx, remaining) {
                 Poll::Ready(Ok(0)) => {
-                    log::error!("TunnelIo: poll_write returned 0 (write zero), ctrl_q={} data_q={}",
-                        self.write.ctrl_queue.len(), self.write.data_queue.len());
+                    log::error!("TunnelIo: poll_write returned 0 (write zero), ctrl_q={} data_q={} sustained_q={}",
+                        self.write.ctrl_queue.len(), self.write.data_queue.len(), self.write.sustained_queue.len());
                     return Poll::Ready(TunnelEvent::WriteError(
                         std::io::Error::new(std::io::ErrorKind::WriteZero, "write zero"),
                     ));
@@ -335,21 +373,70 @@ impl<S: AsyncRead + AsyncWrite + Unpin> TunnelIo<S> {
                     self.write.offset += n;
                     self.write.flush_needed = true;
                     if self.write.offset >= frame.len() {
-                        if from_ctrl { self.write.ctrl_queue.pop_front(); }
-                        else { self.write.data_queue.pop_front(); }
+                        match queue_id {
+                            0 => { self.write.ctrl_queue.pop_front(); }
+                            1 => { self.write.data_queue.pop_front(); }
+                            _ => {
+                                self.write.sustained_queue.pop_front();
+                                self.write.sustained_last_drain = Instant::now();
+                                self.write.sustained_bytes_this_period = 0;
+                            }
+                        }
                         self.write.offset = 0;
                         writes += 1;
                     }
                 }
                 Poll::Ready(Err(e)) => {
-                    log::error!("TunnelIo: poll_write error: {} (ctrl_q={} data_q={})",
-                        e, self.write.ctrl_queue.len(), self.write.data_queue.len());
+                    log::error!("TunnelIo: poll_write error: {} (ctrl_q={} data_q={} sustained_q={})",
+                        e, self.write.ctrl_queue.len(), self.write.data_queue.len(), self.write.sustained_queue.len());
                     return Poll::Ready(TunnelEvent::WriteError(e));
                 }
                 Poll::Pending => break,
             }
         }
 
+        // 1b. FORCED SUSTAINED DRAIN: when ctrl/data have work but sustained is waiting,
+        //     guarantee at least 1 MB/s by draining up to SUSTAINED_FORCED_DRAIN_CAP
+        //     once per second.
+        if !self.write.sustained_queue.is_empty()
+            && (!self.write.ctrl_queue.is_empty() || !self.write.data_queue.is_empty())
+            && !self.write.flush_needed
+        {
+            let now = Instant::now();
+            if now.duration_since(self.write.sustained_last_drain) >= Duration::from_secs(1) {
+                self.write.sustained_bytes_this_period = 0;
+                self.write.sustained_last_drain = now;
+
+                while !self.write.sustained_queue.is_empty()
+                    && self.write.sustained_bytes_this_period < SUSTAINED_FORCED_DRAIN_CAP
+                    && !self.write.flush_needed
+                {
+                    let frame = self.write.sustained_queue.front().unwrap();
+                    let remaining = &frame[self.write.offset..];
+                    match Pin::new(&mut self.stream).poll_write(cx, remaining) {
+                        Poll::Ready(Ok(0)) => {
+                            return Poll::Ready(TunnelEvent::WriteError(
+                                std::io::Error::new(std::io::ErrorKind::WriteZero, "write zero"),
+                            ));
+                        }
+                        Poll::Ready(Ok(n)) => {
+                            self.write.offset += n;
+                            self.write.flush_needed = true;
+                            self.write.sustained_bytes_this_period += n;
+                            if self.write.offset >= frame.len() {
+                                self.write.sustained_queue.pop_front();
+                                self.write.offset = 0;
+                            }
+                        }
+                        Poll::Ready(Err(e)) => {
+                            return Poll::Ready(TunnelEvent::WriteError(e));
+                        }
+                        Poll::Pending => break,
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
         // 2. FLUSH: push encrypted data from TLS session to TCP.
         if self.write.flush_needed {
             match Pin::new(&mut self.stream).poll_flush(cx) {
@@ -407,7 +494,7 @@ impl<S: AsyncRead + AsyncWrite + Unpin> TunnelIo<S> {
         //    Ctrl frames must never be delayed — always drain fully.
         //    Data frames are gated: keep data in the bounded channel for proper
         //    backpressure when TLS writes are slow. Without this gate, the internal
-        //    data_queue (unbounded VecDeque) grows to hundreds of MB under throttle → OOM.
+        //    data_queue (unbounded VecDeque) grows to hundreds of MB under throttle -> OOM.
         let mut got_new = false;
         loop {
             match ctrl_rx.poll_recv(cx) {
@@ -433,6 +520,16 @@ impl<S: AsyncRead + AsyncWrite + Unpin> TunnelIo<S> {
                 }
             }
         }
+        // Sustained channel: drain when sustained_queue is small (same backpressure pattern).
+        // Channel close is non-fatal — not all connections have sustained streams.
+        if self.write.sustained_queue.len() < 64 {
+            loop {
+                match sustained_rx.poll_recv(cx) {
+                    Poll::Ready(Some(frame)) => { self.write.sustained_queue.push_back(frame); got_new = true; }
+                    Poll::Ready(None) | Poll::Pending => break,
+                }
+            }
+        }
 
         // 5. TIMERS
         if liveness_deadline.as_mut().poll(cx).is_ready() {
@@ -469,14 +566,14 @@ mod tests {
         let mut buf = vec![0u8; FRAME_HEADER_SIZE + payload.len()];
         buf[FRAME_HEADER_SIZE..].copy_from_slice(payload);
         encode_frame_header(&mut buf, 42, FRAME_DATA, payload.len());
-        assert_eq!(buf, encode_frame(42, FRAME_DATA, payload));
+        assert_eq!(buf, &encode_frame(42, FRAME_DATA, payload)[..]);
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn test_encode_frame_header_empty_payload() {
         let mut buf = vec![0u8; FRAME_HEADER_SIZE];
         encode_frame_header(&mut buf, 99, FRAME_CLOSE, 0);
-        assert_eq!(buf, encode_frame(99, FRAME_CLOSE, &[]));
+        assert_eq!(buf, &encode_frame(99, FRAME_CLOSE, &[])[..]);
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -644,7 +741,7 @@ mod tests {
             let frame = reader.next_frame().await.unwrap().unwrap();
             assert_eq!(frame.stream_id, i as u32);
             assert_eq!(frame.frame_type, ft);
-            assert_eq!(frame.payload, format!("payload_{}", i).as_bytes());
+            assert_eq!(&frame.payload[..], format!("payload_{}", i).as_bytes());
         }
 
         assert!(reader.next_frame().await.unwrap().is_none());
@@ -653,7 +750,7 @@ mod tests {
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_frame_reader_zero_length_payload() {
         let data = encode_frame(42, FRAME_CLOSE, &[]);
-        let cursor = std::io::Cursor::new(data);
+        let cursor = std::io::Cursor::new(data.to_vec());
         let mut reader = FrameReader::new(cursor);
 
         let frame = reader.next_frame().await.unwrap().unwrap();
@@ -681,7 +778,7 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_adaptive_window_zero_streams() {
-        // 0 streams treated as 1: 800MB/1 → clamped to 16MB max
+        // 0 streams treated as 1: 200MB/1 -> clamped to 4MB max
         assert_eq!(compute_window_for_stream_count(0), INITIAL_STREAM_WINDOW);
     }
 
@@ -692,40 +789,40 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_adaptive_window_50_streams_full() {
-        // 800MB/50 = 16MB = exactly INITIAL_STREAM_WINDOW
+        // 200MB/50 = 4MB = exactly INITIAL_STREAM_WINDOW
         assert_eq!(compute_window_for_stream_count(50), INITIAL_STREAM_WINDOW);
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn test_adaptive_window_51_streams_starts_scaling() {
-        // 800MB/51 < 16MB — first value below max
+        // 200MB/51 < 4MB — first value below max
         let w = compute_window_for_stream_count(51);
         assert!(w < INITIAL_STREAM_WINDOW);
-        assert_eq!(w, (800 * 1024 * 1024u64 / 51) as u32);
+        assert_eq!(w, (200 * 1024 * 1024u64 / 51) as u32);
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn test_adaptive_window_100_streams() {
-        // 800MB/100 = 8MB
-        assert_eq!(compute_window_for_stream_count(100), 8 * 1024 * 1024);
+        // 200MB/100 = 2MB
+        assert_eq!(compute_window_for_stream_count(100), 2 * 1024 * 1024);
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn test_adaptive_window_200_streams_at_floor() {
-        // 800MB/200 = 4MB = exactly the floor
-        assert_eq!(compute_window_for_stream_count(200), 4 * 1024 * 1024);
+        // 200MB/200 = 1MB = exactly the floor
+        assert_eq!(compute_window_for_stream_count(200), 1 * 1024 * 1024);
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn test_adaptive_window_500_streams_clamped() {
-        // 800MB/500 = 1.6MB → clamped up to 4MB floor
-        assert_eq!(compute_window_for_stream_count(500), 4 * 1024 * 1024);
+        // 200MB/500 = 0.4MB -> clamped up to 1MB floor
+        assert_eq!(compute_window_for_stream_count(500), 1 * 1024 * 1024);
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn test_adaptive_window_max_u32() {
-        // Extreme: u32::MAX streams → tiny value → clamped to 4MB
-        assert_eq!(compute_window_for_stream_count(u32::MAX), 4 * 1024 * 1024);
+        // Extreme: u32::MAX streams -> tiny value -> clamped to 1MB
+        assert_eq!(compute_window_for_stream_count(u32::MAX), 1 * 1024 * 1024);
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -740,11 +837,11 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_adaptive_window_total_budget_bounded() {
-        // active × per_stream_window should never exceed 800MB (+ clamp overhead for high N)
+        // active x per_stream_window should never exceed 200MB (+ clamp overhead for high N)
         for n in [1, 10, 50, 100, 200] {
             let w = compute_window_for_stream_count(n);
             let total = w as u64 * n as u64;
-            assert!(total <= 800 * 1024 * 1024, "total {}MB exceeds budget at n={}", total / (1024*1024), n);
+            assert!(total <= 200 * 1024 * 1024, "total {}MB exceeds budget at n={}", total / (1024*1024), n);
         }
     }
 

test/test.flowcontrol.node.ts

@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ tap.test('setup: start echo server and tunnel', async () => {
   expect(tunnel.hub.running).toBeTrue();
 });
 
-tap.test('single stream: 32MB transfer exceeding initial 4MB window', async () => {
+tap.test('single stream: 32MB transfer exceeding initial 4MB window (multiple refills)', async () => {
   const size = 32 * 1024 * 1024;
   const data = crypto.randomBytes(size);
   const expectedHash = sha256(data);
@@ -392,7 +392,7 @@ tap.test('asymmetric transfer: 4KB request -> 4MB response', async () => {
   }
 });
 
-tap.test('100 streams x 1MB each (100MB total exceeding 32MB budget)', async () => {
+tap.test('100 streams x 1MB each (100MB total exceeding 200MB budget)', async () => {
   const streamCount = 100;
   const payloadSize = 1 * 1024 * 1024;
 
@@ -446,7 +446,7 @@ tap.test('active stream counter tracks concurrent connections', async () => {
 });
 
 tap.test('50 streams x 2MB each (forces multiple window refills per stream)', async () => {
-  // At 50 concurrent streams: adaptive window = 32MB/50 = 655KB per stream
+  // At 50 concurrent streams: adaptive window = 200MB/50 = 4MB per stream
   // Each stream sends 2MB → needs ~3 WINDOW_UPDATE refill cycles per stream
   const streamCount = 50;
   const payloadSize = 2 * 1024 * 1024;

ts/00_commitinfo_data.ts

@@ -3,6 +3,6 @@
  */
 export const commitinfo = {
   name: '@serve.zone/remoteingress',
-  version: '4.8.17',
+  version: '4.9.1',
   description: 'Edge ingress tunnel for DcRouter - accepts incoming TCP connections at network edge and tunnels them to DcRouter SmartProxy preserving client IP via PROXY protocol v1.'
 }