v7.8.0

feat(rustdns-client): add Rust DNS client binary and TypeScript IPC bridge to enable UDP and DoH resolution, RDATA decoding, and DNSSEC AD/rcode support
v7.7.1
2026-02-11 13:02:37 +00:00 · 2026-02-11 13:02:37 +00:00 · 2026-02-11 11:46:16 +00:00 · 2026-02-11 11:46:16 +00:00 · 2026-02-11 11:24:10 +00:00 · 2026-02-11 11:24:10 +00:00
54 changed files with 7422 additions and 2120 deletions
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -17,4 +17,5 @@ node_modules/
 dist/
 dist_*/

-# custom
+# custom
+rust/target
--- a/changelog.md
+++ b/changelog.md
@@ -1,5 +1,50 @@
 # Changelog

+## 2026-02-11 - 7.8.0 - feat(rustdns-client)
+add Rust DNS client binary and TypeScript IPC bridge to enable UDP and DoH resolution, RDATA decoding, and DNSSEC AD/rcode support
+
+- Add new rust crate rustdns-client with IPC management, DoH and UDP resolvers (resolver_doh.rs, resolver_udp.rs) and ipc types
+- Integrate Rust client via a new TypeScript RustDnsClientBridge that spawns rustdns-client and communicates over JSON IPC
+- Expose Rust-based resolution from Smartdns (new strategies: 'udp', 'prefer-udp'; DoH routed through Rust) and add destroy() to clean up the bridge
+- Extend rustdns-protocol with RDATA decoders (A, AAAA, TXT, MX, NS/CNAME/PTR name decoding, SOA, SRV), AD flag detection and rcode() helper
+- Update tests to cover Rust/UDP/DoH paths, DNSSEC AD flag, SOA round-trip and performance assertions
+- Update packaging/readmes and build metadata (npmextra.json, ts_client/readme, ts_server/readme) and Cargo manifests/lock for the new crate
+
+## 2026-02-11 - 7.7.1 - fix(tests)
+prune flaky SOA integration and performance tests that rely on external tools and long-running signing/serialization checks
+
+- Removed 'Test raw SOA serialization' from test/test.soa.debug.ts
+- Removed dig-based 'Test SOA timeout with real dig command' from test/test.soa.timeout.ts
+- Removed 'Check DNSSEC signing performance for SOA' and related serialization/signing performance checks
+- Removed unused imports (plugins, execSync) and testPort constant; minor whitespace/cleanup in stopServer
+
+## 2026-02-11 - 7.7.0 - feat(rust)
+add Rust-based DNS server backend with IPC management and TypeScript bridge
+
+- Adds a new rust/ workspace with crates: rustdns, rustdns-protocol, rustdns-server, rustdns-dnssec (DNS packet parsing/encoding, UDP/HTTPS servers, DNSSEC signing).
+- Implements an IPC management loop and command/event protocol (stdin/stdout) for communication between Rust and TypeScript (ipc_types, management).
+- Introduces DnsResolver and DNSSEC key/signing logic in Rust (keys, signing, keytag), plus UDP and DoH HTTPS server implementations.
+- Adds a TypeScript Rust bridge (ts_server/classes.rustdnsbridge.ts) using @push.rocks/smartrust to spawn and talk to the Rust binary; exposes spawn/start/stop/processPacket/ping APIs.
+- Removes JS-based DNSSEC implementation and updates ts_server plugins to use smartrust; adds tsrust integration and tsrust devDependency and build step in package.json.
+- Documentation and tooling: README updated with Rust backend architecture, .gitignore updated for rust/target, Cargo config for cross-compile linker added.
+
+## 2025-09-12 - 7.6.1 - fix(classes.dnsclient)
+Remove redundant DOH response parsing in getRecords to avoid duplicate processing and clean up client code
+
+- Removed a duplicated/extra iteration that parsed DNS-over-HTTPS (DoH) answers in ts_client/classes.dnsclient.ts.
+- Prevents double-processing or incorrect return behavior from Smartdns.getRecords when using DoH providers.
+- Changes affect the Smartdns client implementation (ts_client/classes.dnsclient.ts).
+
+## 2025-09-12 - 7.6.0 - feat(dnsserver)
+Return multiple matching records, improve DNSSEC RRset signing, add client resolution strategy and localhost handling, update tests
+
+- Server: process all matching handlers for a question so multiple records (NS, A, TXT, etc.) are returned instead of stopping after the first match
+- DNSSEC: sign entire RRsets together (single RRSIG per RRset) and ensure DNSKEY/DS generation and key-tag computation are handled correctly
+- Server: built-in localhost handling (RFC 6761) with an enableLocalhostHandling option and synthetic answers for localhost/127.0.0.1 reverse lookups
+- Server: improved SOA generation (primary nameserver handling), name serialization (trim trailing dot), and safer start/stop behavior
+- Client: added resolution strategy options (doh | system | prefer-system), allowDohFallback and per-query timeout support; improved DoH and system lookup handling (proper TXT quoting and name trimming)
+- Tests: updated expectations and test descriptions to reflect correct multi-record behavior and other fixes
+
 ## 2025-09-12 - 7.5.1 - fix(dependencies)
 Bump dependency versions and add pnpm workspace onlyBuiltDependencies

--- a/npmextra.json
+++ b/npmextra.json
@@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
 {
-  "gitzone": {
+  "@git.zone/tsrust": {
+    "targets": [
+      "linux_amd64",
+      "linux_arm64"
+    ]
+  },
+  "@git.zone/cli": {
    "projectType": "npm",
    "module": {
      "githost": "code.foss.global",
@@ -27,14 +33,20 @@
        "Domain Propagation",
        "DNS Server"
      ]
+    },
+    "release": {
+      "registries": [
+        "https://verdaccio.lossless.digital",
+        "https://registry.npmjs.org"
+      ],
+      "accessLevel": "public"
    }
  },
-  "npmci": {
-    "npmGlobalTools": [],
-    "npmAccessLevel": "public",
-    "npmRegistryUrl": "registry.npmjs.org"
-  },
-  "tsdoc": {
+  "@git.zone/tsdoc": {
    "legal": "\n## License and Legal Information\n\nThis repository contains open-source code that is licensed under the MIT License. A copy of the MIT License can be found in the [license](license) file within this repository. \n\n**Please note:** The MIT License does not grant permission to use the trade names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the project, except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the origin of the work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.\n\n### Trademarks\n\nThis project is owned and maintained by Task Venture Capital GmbH. The names and logos associated with Task Venture Capital GmbH and any related products or services are trademarks of Task Venture Capital GmbH and are not included within the scope of the MIT license granted herein. Use of these trademarks must comply with Task Venture Capital GmbH's Trademark Guidelines, and any usage must be approved in writing by Task Venture Capital GmbH.\n\n### Company Information\n\nTask Venture Capital GmbH  \nRegistered at District court Bremen HRB 35230 HB, Germany\n\nFor any legal inquiries or if you require further information, please contact us via email at hello@task.vc.\n\nBy using this repository, you acknowledge that you have read this section, agree to comply with its terms, and understand that the licensing of the code does not imply endorsement by Task Venture Capital GmbH of any derivative works.\n"
+  },
+  "@ship.zone/szci": {
+    "npmGlobalTools": [],
+    "npmRegistryUrl": "registry.npmjs.org"
  }
 }
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
  "name": "@push.rocks/smartdns",
-  "version": "7.5.1",
+  "version": "7.8.0",
  "private": false,
  "description": "A robust TypeScript library providing advanced DNS management and resolution capabilities including support for DNSSEC, custom DNS servers, and integration with various DNS providers.",
  "exports": {
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
  },
  "scripts": {
    "test": "(tstest test/ --verbose --timeout 60)",
-    "build": "(tsbuild tsfolders --web --allowimplicitany)",
+    "build": "(tsbuild tsfolders --web --allowimplicitany) && (tsrust)",
    "buildDocs": "tsdoc"
  },
  "repository": {
@@ -47,17 +47,17 @@
    "@push.rocks/smartenv": "^5.0.13",
    "@push.rocks/smartpromise": "^4.2.3",
    "@push.rocks/smartrequest": "^2.1.0",
+    "@push.rocks/smartrust": "^1.2.0",
    "@tsclass/tsclass": "^9.2.0",
    "@types/dns-packet": "^5.6.5",
-    "@types/elliptic": "^6.4.18",
    "acme-client": "^5.4.0",
    "dns-packet": "^5.6.1",
-    "elliptic": "^6.6.1",
    "minimatch": "^10.0.1"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "@git.zone/tsbuild": "^2.6.8",
    "@git.zone/tsrun": "^1.3.3",
+    "@git.zone/tsrust": "^1.3.0",
    "@git.zone/tstest": "^2.3.7",
    "@types/node": "^22.15.21"
  },
--- a/pnpm-lock.yaml
+++ b/pnpm-lock.yaml
@@ -20,24 +20,21 @@ importers:
      '@push.rocks/smartrequest':
        specifier: ^2.1.0
        version: 2.1.0
+      '@push.rocks/smartrust':
+        specifier: ^1.2.0
+        version: 1.2.0
      '@tsclass/tsclass':
        specifier: ^9.2.0
        version: 9.2.0
      '@types/dns-packet':
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        version: 5.4.0
      dns-packet:
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-      elliptic:
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-        version: 6.6.1
      minimatch:
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        version: 10.0.1
@@ -48,6 +45,9 @@ importers:
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+      '@git.zone/tsrust':
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+        version: 1.3.0
      '@git.zone/tstest':
        specifier: ^2.3.7
        version: 2.3.7(@aws-sdk/credential-providers@3.817.0)(socks@2.8.7)(typescript@5.9.2)
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+
  yargs@17.7.2:
    resolution: {integrity: sha512-7dSzzRQ++CKnNI/krKnYRV7JKKPUXMEh61soaHKg9mrWEhzFWhFnxPxGl+69cD1Ou63C13NUPCnmIcrvqCuM6w==}
    engines: {node: '>=12'}
@@ -5166,6 +5169,21 @@ snapshots:
      '@push.rocks/smartshell': 3.2.3
      tsx: 4.19.3

+  '@git.zone/tsrust@1.3.0':
+    dependencies:
+      '@push.rocks/early': 4.0.4
+      '@push.rocks/npmextra': 5.3.3
+      '@push.rocks/smartcli': 4.0.20
+      '@push.rocks/smartfile': 13.1.2
+      '@push.rocks/smartpath': 6.0.0
+      '@push.rocks/smartshell': 3.3.0
+      smol-toml: 1.6.0
+    transitivePeerDependencies:
+      - '@nuxt/kit'
+      - react
+      - supports-color
+      - vue
+
  '@git.zone/tstest@2.3.7(@aws-sdk/credential-providers@3.817.0)(socks@2.8.7)(typescript@5.9.2)':
    dependencies:
      '@api.global/typedserver': 3.0.79
@@ -5511,6 +5529,23 @@ snapshots:
      - snappy
      - socks

+  '@push.rocks/npmextra@5.3.3':
+    dependencies:
+      '@push.rocks/qenv': 6.1.3
+      '@push.rocks/smartfile': 11.2.7
+      '@push.rocks/smartjson': 5.0.20
+      '@push.rocks/smartlog': 3.1.9
+      '@push.rocks/smartpath': 6.0.0
+      '@push.rocks/smartpromise': 4.2.3
+      '@push.rocks/smartrx': 3.0.10
+      '@push.rocks/taskbuffer': 3.4.0
+      '@tsclass/tsclass': 9.2.0
+    transitivePeerDependencies:
+      - '@nuxt/kit'
+      - react
+      - supports-color
+      - vue
+
  '@push.rocks/qenv@6.1.3':
    dependencies:
      '@api.global/typedrequest': 3.1.10
@@ -5596,6 +5631,15 @@ snapshots:
      '@push.rocks/smartrx': 3.0.10
      yargs-parser: 21.1.1

+  '@push.rocks/smartcli@4.0.20':
+    dependencies:
+      '@push.rocks/lik': 6.2.2
+      '@push.rocks/smartlog': 3.1.10
+      '@push.rocks/smartobject': 1.0.12
+      '@push.rocks/smartpromise': 4.2.3
+      '@push.rocks/smartrx': 3.0.10
+      yargs-parser: 22.0.0
+
  '@push.rocks/smartclickhouse@2.0.17':
    dependencies:
      '@push.rocks/smartdelay': 3.0.5
@@ -5710,6 +5754,27 @@ snapshots:
      glob: 11.0.3
      js-yaml: 4.1.0

+  '@push.rocks/smartfile@13.1.2':
+    dependencies:
+      '@push.rocks/lik': 6.2.2
+      '@push.rocks/smartdelay': 3.0.5
+      '@push.rocks/smartfile-interfaces': 1.0.7
+      '@push.rocks/smartfs': 1.3.1
+      '@push.rocks/smarthash': 3.2.3
+      '@push.rocks/smartjson': 5.0.20
+      '@push.rocks/smartmime': 2.0.4
+      '@push.rocks/smartpath': 6.0.0
+      '@push.rocks/smartpromise': 4.2.3
+      '@push.rocks/smartrequest': 4.3.1
+      '@push.rocks/smartstream': 3.2.5
+      '@types/js-yaml': 4.0.9
+      glob: 11.0.3
+      js-yaml: 4.1.0
+
+  '@push.rocks/smartfs@1.3.1':
+    dependencies:
+      '@push.rocks/smartpath': 6.0.0
+
  '@push.rocks/smartguard@3.1.0':
    dependencies:
      '@push.rocks/smartpromise': 4.2.3
@@ -5752,6 +5817,19 @@ snapshots:
      '@api.global/typedrequest-interfaces': 2.0.2
      '@tsclass/tsclass': 4.4.4

+  '@push.rocks/smartlog@3.1.10':
+    dependencies:
+      '@api.global/typedrequest-interfaces': 3.0.19
+      '@push.rocks/consolecolor': 2.0.3
+      '@push.rocks/isounique': 1.0.5
+      '@push.rocks/smartclickhouse': 2.0.17
+      '@push.rocks/smartfile': 11.2.7
+      '@push.rocks/smarthash': 3.2.3
+      '@push.rocks/smartpromise': 4.2.3
+      '@push.rocks/smarttime': 4.1.1
+      '@push.rocks/webrequest': 3.0.37
+      '@tsclass/tsclass': 9.2.0
+
  '@push.rocks/smartlog@3.1.9':
    dependencies:
      '@api.global/typedrequest-interfaces': 3.0.19
@@ -5934,6 +6012,10 @@ snapshots:
      '@push.rocks/smartrx': 3.0.10
      path-to-regexp: 8.3.0

+  '@push.rocks/smartrust@1.2.0':
+    dependencies:
+      '@push.rocks/smartpath': 6.0.0
+
  '@push.rocks/smartrx@3.0.10':
    dependencies:
      '@push.rocks/smartpromise': 4.2.3
@@ -6641,10 +6723,6 @@ snapshots:
      tslib: 2.8.1
    optional: true

-  '@types/bn.js@5.1.6':
-    dependencies:
-      '@types/node': 22.15.21
-
  '@types/body-parser@1.19.6':
    dependencies:
      '@types/connect': 3.4.38
@@ -6673,10 +6751,6 @@ snapshots:
    dependencies:
      '@types/node': 22.15.21

-  '@types/elliptic@6.4.18':
-    dependencies:
-      '@types/bn.js': 5.1.6
-
  '@types/express-serve-static-core@5.0.7':
    dependencies:
      '@types/node': 22.15.21
@@ -6936,8 +7010,6 @@ snapshots:

  basic-ftp@5.0.5: {}

-  bn.js@4.12.1: {}
-
  body-parser@2.2.0:
    dependencies:
      bytes: 3.1.2
@@ -6974,8 +7046,6 @@ snapshots:
      p-queue: 6.6.2
      unload: 2.4.1

-  brorand@1.1.0: {}
-
  bson@6.10.4: {}

  buffer-crc32@0.2.13: {}
@@ -7249,16 +7319,6 @@ snapshots:

  ee-first@1.1.1: {}

-  elliptic@6.6.1:
-    dependencies:
-      bn.js: 4.12.1
-      brorand: 1.1.0
-      hash.js: 1.1.7
-      hmac-drbg: 1.0.1
-      inherits: 2.0.4
-      minimalistic-assert: 1.0.1
-      minimalistic-crypto-utils: 1.0.1
-
  emoji-regex@8.0.0: {}

  emoji-regex@9.2.2: {}
@@ -7730,11 +7790,6 @@ snapshots:
    dependencies:
      has-symbols: 1.1.0

-  hash.js@1.1.7:
-    dependencies:
-      inherits: 2.0.4
-      minimalistic-assert: 1.0.1
-
  hasown@2.0.2:
    dependencies:
      function-bind: 1.1.2
@@ -7765,12 +7820,6 @@ snapshots:

  he@1.2.0: {}

-  hmac-drbg@1.0.1:
-    dependencies:
-      hash.js: 1.1.7
-      minimalistic-assert: 1.0.1
-      minimalistic-crypto-utils: 1.0.1
-
  html-minifier@4.0.0:
    dependencies:
      camel-case: 3.0.0
@@ -8466,10 +8515,6 @@ snapshots:

  min-indent@1.0.1: {}

-  minimalistic-assert@1.0.1: {}
-
-  minimalistic-crypto-utils@1.0.1: {}
-
  minimatch@10.0.1:
    dependencies:
      brace-expansion: 2.0.1
@@ -9058,6 +9103,8 @@ snapshots:

  smart-buffer@4.2.0: {}

+  smol-toml@1.6.0: {}
+
  socket.io-adapter@2.5.5:
    dependencies:
      debug: 4.3.7
@@ -9482,6 +9529,8 @@ snapshots:

  yargs-parser@21.1.1: {}

+  yargs-parser@22.0.0: {}
+
  yargs@17.7.2:
    dependencies:
      cliui: 8.0.1
--- a/readme.hints.md
+++ b/readme.hints.md
@@ -5,8 +5,35 @@
 The smartdns library is structured into three main modules:

 1. **Client Module** (`ts_client/`) - DNS client functionality
-2. **Server Module** (`ts_server/`) - DNS server implementation
+2. **Server Module** (`ts_server/`) - DNS server with Rust backend
 3. **Main Module** (`ts/`) - Re-exports both client and server
+4. **Rust Module** (`rust/`) - High-performance DNS server binary
+
+## Rust Backend Architecture (v8.0+)
+
+The DNS server's network I/O, packet parsing/encoding, and DNSSEC signing run in Rust.
+TypeScript retains handler registration, ACME orchestration, and the public API.
+
+### Rust Crate Structure
+- `rustdns` - Main binary with IPC management loop (`--management` flag)
+- `rustdns-protocol` - DNS wire format parsing/encoding, record types
+- `rustdns-server` - Async UDP + HTTPS DoH servers (tokio, hyper, rustls)
+- `rustdns-dnssec` - ECDSA P-256 / ED25519 key generation and RRset signing
+
+### IPC Flow
+```
+DNS Query -> Rust (UDP/HTTPS) -> Parse packet
+  -> Try local resolution (localhost, DNSKEY)
+  -> If handler needed: emit "dnsQuery" event to TypeScript
+  -> TypeScript runs minimatch handlers, sends "dnsQueryResult" back
+  -> Rust builds response, signs DNSSEC if requested, sends packet
+```
+
+### Key Files
+- `ts_server/classes.rustdnsbridge.ts` - TypeScript IPC bridge wrapping smartrust.RustBridge
+- `ts_server/classes.dnsserver.ts` - DnsServer class (public API, delegates to Rust bridge)
+- `rust/crates/rustdns/src/management.rs` - IPC management loop
+- `rust/crates/rustdns/src/resolver.rs` - DNS resolver with callback support

 ## Client Module (Smartdns class)

--- a/readme.md
+++ b/readme.md
--- a/rust/.cargo/config.toml
+++ b/rust/.cargo/config.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+[target.aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu]
+linker = "aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc"
--- a/rust/Cargo.lock
+++ b/rust/Cargo.lock
--- a/rust/Cargo.toml
+++ b/rust/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+[workspace]
+resolver = "2"
+members = [
+    "crates/rustdns",
+    "crates/rustdns-protocol",
+    "crates/rustdns-server",
+    "crates/rustdns-dnssec",
+    "crates/rustdns-client",
+]
--- a/rust/crates/rustdns-client/Cargo.toml
+++ b/rust/crates/rustdns-client/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+[package]
+name = "rustdns-client"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2021"
+
+[[bin]]
+name = "rustdns-client"
+path = "src/main.rs"
+
+[dependencies]
+rustdns-protocol = { path = "../rustdns-protocol" }
+tokio = { version = "1", features = ["full"] }
+serde = { version = "1", features = ["derive"] }
+serde_json = "1"
+clap = { version = "4", features = ["derive"] }
+tracing = "0.1"
+tracing-subscriber = "0.3"
+reqwest = { version = "0.12", default-features = false, features = ["rustls-tls"] }
+rustls = { version = "0.23", features = ["ring"] }
+rand = "0.9"
--- a/rust/crates/rustdns-client/src/ipc_types.rs
+++ b/rust/crates/rustdns-client/src/ipc_types.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+/// IPC request from TypeScript to Rust (via stdin).
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
+pub struct IpcRequest {
+    pub id: String,
+    pub method: String,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub params: serde_json::Value,
+}
+
+/// IPC response from Rust to TypeScript (via stdout).
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+pub struct IpcResponse {
+    pub id: String,
+    pub success: bool,
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub result: Option<serde_json::Value>,
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub error: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl IpcResponse {
+    pub fn ok(id: String, result: serde_json::Value) -> Self {
+        IpcResponse {
+            id,
+            success: true,
+            result: Some(result),
+            error: None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn err(id: String, error: String) -> Self {
+        IpcResponse {
+            id,
+            success: false,
+            result: None,
+            error: Some(error),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// IPC event from Rust to TypeScript (unsolicited, no id).
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+pub struct IpcEvent {
+    pub event: String,
+    pub data: serde_json::Value,
+}
+
+/// Parameters for a DNS resolve request.
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct ResolveParams {
+    pub name: String,
+    pub record_type: String,
+    pub protocol: String,
+    #[serde(default = "default_server_addr")]
+    pub server_addr: String,
+    #[serde(default = "default_doh_url")]
+    pub doh_url: String,
+    #[serde(default = "default_timeout_ms")]
+    pub timeout_ms: u64,
+}
+
+fn default_server_addr() -> String {
+    "1.1.1.1:53".to_string()
+}
+
+fn default_doh_url() -> String {
+    "https://cloudflare-dns.com/dns-query".to_string()
+}
+
+fn default_timeout_ms() -> u64 {
+    5000
+}
+
+/// A single DNS answer record sent back to TypeScript.
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Clone)]
+pub struct ClientDnsAnswer {
+    pub name: String,
+    #[serde(rename = "type")]
+    pub rtype: String,
+    pub ttl: u32,
+    pub value: String,
+}
+
+/// Result of a DNS resolve request.
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct ResolveResult {
+    pub answers: Vec<ClientDnsAnswer>,
+    pub ad_flag: bool,
+    pub rcode: u8,
+}
--- a/rust/crates/rustdns-client/src/main.rs
+++ b/rust/crates/rustdns-client/src/main.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+use clap::Parser;
+
+mod ipc_types;
+mod management;
+mod resolver_doh;
+mod resolver_udp;
+
+#[derive(Parser, Debug)]
+#[command(name = "rustdns-client", about = "Rust DNS client with IPC management")]
+struct Cli {
+    /// Run in management mode (IPC via stdin/stdout)
+    #[arg(long)]
+    management: bool,
+}
+
+#[tokio::main]
+async fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    // Install the default rustls crypto provider (ring) before any TLS operations
+    let _ = rustls::crypto::ring::default_provider().install_default();
+
+    let cli = Cli::parse();
+
+    // Tracing writes to stderr so stdout is reserved for IPC
+    tracing_subscriber::fmt()
+        .with_writer(std::io::stderr)
+        .init();
+
+    if cli.management {
+        management::management_loop().await?;
+    } else {
+        eprintln!("rustdns-client: use --management flag for IPC mode");
+        std::process::exit(1);
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
--- a/rust/crates/rustdns-client/src/management.rs
+++ b/rust/crates/rustdns-client/src/management.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+use crate::ipc_types::*;
+use crate::resolver_doh;
+use crate::resolver_udp;
+use std::io::{self, BufRead, Write};
+use tokio::sync::mpsc;
+use tracing::{error, info};
+
+/// Emit a JSON event on stdout.
+fn send_event(event: &str, data: serde_json::Value) {
+    let evt = IpcEvent {
+        event: event.to_string(),
+        data,
+    };
+    let json = serde_json::to_string(&evt).unwrap();
+    let stdout = io::stdout();
+    let mut lock = stdout.lock();
+    let _ = writeln!(lock, "{}", json);
+    let _ = lock.flush();
+}
+
+/// Send a JSON response on stdout.
+fn send_response(response: &IpcResponse) {
+    let json = serde_json::to_string(response).unwrap();
+    let stdout = io::stdout();
+    let mut lock = stdout.lock();
+    let _ = writeln!(lock, "{}", json);
+    let _ = lock.flush();
+}
+
+/// Main management loop — reads JSON lines from stdin, dispatches commands.
+pub async fn management_loop() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    // Emit ready event
+    send_event(
+        "ready",
+        serde_json::json!({
+            "version": env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION")
+        }),
+    );
+
+    // Create a shared HTTP client for DoH connection pooling
+    let http_client = reqwest::Client::builder()
+        .use_rustls_tls()
+        .build()
+        .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to create HTTP client: {}", e))?;
+
+    // Channel for stdin commands (read in blocking thread)
+    let (cmd_tx, mut cmd_rx) = mpsc::channel::<String>(256);
+
+    // Spawn blocking stdin reader
+    std::thread::spawn(move || {
+        let stdin = io::stdin();
+        let reader = stdin.lock();
+        for line in reader.lines() {
+            match line {
+                Ok(l) => {
+                    if cmd_tx.blocking_send(l).is_err() {
+                        break; // channel closed
+                    }
+                }
+                Err(_) => break, // stdin closed
+            }
+        }
+    });
+
+    loop {
+        match cmd_rx.recv().await {
+            Some(line) => {
+                let request: IpcRequest = match serde_json::from_str(&line) {
+                    Ok(r) => r,
+                    Err(e) => {
+                        error!("Failed to parse IPC request: {}", e);
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                };
+
+                let response = handle_request(&request, &http_client).await;
+                send_response(&response);
+            }
+            None => {
+                // stdin closed — parent process exited
+                info!("stdin closed, shutting down");
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+async fn handle_request(request: &IpcRequest, http_client: &reqwest::Client) -> IpcResponse {
+    let id = request.id.clone();
+
+    match request.method.as_str() {
+        "ping" => IpcResponse::ok(id, serde_json::json!({ "pong": true })),
+
+        "resolve" => handle_resolve(id, &request.params, http_client).await,
+
+        _ => IpcResponse::err(id, format!("Unknown method: {}", request.method)),
+    }
+}
+
+async fn handle_resolve(
+    id: String,
+    params: &serde_json::Value,
+    http_client: &reqwest::Client,
+) -> IpcResponse {
+    let resolve_params: ResolveParams = match serde_json::from_value(params.clone()) {
+        Ok(p) => p,
+        Err(e) => return IpcResponse::err(id, format!("Invalid resolve params: {}", e)),
+    };
+
+    let result = match resolve_params.protocol.as_str() {
+        "udp" => resolver_udp::resolve_udp(&resolve_params).await,
+        "doh" => resolver_doh::resolve_doh(&resolve_params, http_client).await,
+        other => {
+            return IpcResponse::err(
+                id,
+                format!("Unknown protocol '{}'. Use 'udp' or 'doh'.", other),
+            );
+        }
+    };
+
+    match result {
+        Ok(resolve_result) => {
+            let result_json = serde_json::to_value(&resolve_result).unwrap();
+            IpcResponse::ok(id, result_json)
+        }
+        Err(e) => IpcResponse::err(id, e),
+    }
+}
--- a/rust/crates/rustdns-client/src/resolver_doh.rs
+++ b/rust/crates/rustdns-client/src/resolver_doh.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+use crate::ipc_types::{ResolveParams, ResolveResult};
+use crate::resolver_udp::decode_answers;
+use rustdns_protocol::packet::{DnsPacket, DnsQuestion};
+use rustdns_protocol::types::{QClass, QType, EDNS_DO_BIT, FLAG_RD};
+use std::time::Duration;
+use tracing::debug;
+
+/// Resolve a DNS query via DNS-over-HTTPS (RFC 8484 wire format).
+pub async fn resolve_doh(
+    params: &ResolveParams,
+    http_client: &reqwest::Client,
+) -> Result<ResolveResult, String> {
+    let qtype = QType::from_str(&params.record_type);
+    let id: u16 = rand::random();
+
+    // Build query packet (same as UDP)
+    let mut query = DnsPacket::new_query(id);
+    query.flags = FLAG_RD;
+    query.questions.push(DnsQuestion {
+        name: params.name.clone(),
+        qtype,
+        qclass: QClass::IN,
+    });
+
+    // Add OPT record with DO bit for DNSSEC
+    query.additionals.push(rustdns_protocol::packet::DnsRecord {
+        name: ".".to_string(),
+        rtype: QType::OPT,
+        rclass: QClass::from_u16(4096),
+        ttl: 0,
+        rdata: vec![],
+        opt_flags: Some(EDNS_DO_BIT),
+    });
+
+    let query_bytes = query.encode();
+    let timeout = Duration::from_millis(params.timeout_ms);
+
+    let response = http_client
+        .post(&params.doh_url)
+        .header("Content-Type", "application/dns-message")
+        .header("Accept", "application/dns-message")
+        .body(query_bytes)
+        .timeout(timeout)
+        .send()
+        .await
+        .map_err(|e| format!("DoH request failed: {}", e))?;
+
+    if !response.status().is_success() {
+        return Err(format!("DoH server returned status {}", response.status()));
+    }
+
+    let response_bytes = response
+        .bytes()
+        .await
+        .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to read DoH response body: {}", e))?;
+
+    let dns_response = DnsPacket::parse(&response_bytes)
+        .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to parse DoH response: {}", e))?;
+
+    debug!(
+        "DoH response: id={}, rcode={}, answers={}, ad={}",
+        dns_response.id,
+        dns_response.rcode(),
+        dns_response.answers.len(),
+        dns_response.has_ad_flag()
+    );
+
+    let answers = decode_answers(&dns_response.answers, &response_bytes);
+
+    Ok(ResolveResult {
+        answers,
+        ad_flag: dns_response.has_ad_flag(),
+        rcode: dns_response.rcode(),
+    })
+}
--- a/rust/crates/rustdns-client/src/resolver_udp.rs
+++ b/rust/crates/rustdns-client/src/resolver_udp.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+use crate::ipc_types::{ClientDnsAnswer, ResolveParams, ResolveResult};
+use rustdns_protocol::packet::{
+    decode_a, decode_aaaa, decode_mx, decode_name_rdata, decode_soa, decode_srv, decode_txt,
+    DnsPacket, DnsQuestion, DnsRecord,
+};
+use rustdns_protocol::types::{QClass, QType, EDNS_DO_BIT, FLAG_RD};
+use std::net::SocketAddr;
+use std::time::Duration;
+use tokio::net::UdpSocket;
+use tracing::debug;
+
+/// Resolve a DNS query via UDP to an upstream server.
+pub async fn resolve_udp(params: &ResolveParams) -> Result<ResolveResult, String> {
+    let server_addr: SocketAddr = params
+        .server_addr
+        .parse()
+        .map_err(|e| format!("Invalid server address '{}': {}", params.server_addr, e))?;
+
+    let qtype = QType::from_str(&params.record_type);
+    let id: u16 = rand::random();
+
+    // Build query packet with RD flag and EDNS0 DO bit
+    let mut query = DnsPacket::new_query(id);
+    query.flags = FLAG_RD;
+    query.questions.push(DnsQuestion {
+        name: params.name.clone(),
+        qtype,
+        qclass: QClass::IN,
+    });
+
+    // Add OPT record with DO bit for DNSSEC
+    query.additionals.push(rustdns_protocol::packet::DnsRecord {
+        name: ".".to_string(),
+        rtype: QType::OPT,
+        rclass: QClass::from_u16(4096), // UDP payload size
+        ttl: 0,
+        rdata: vec![],
+        opt_flags: Some(EDNS_DO_BIT),
+    });
+
+    let query_bytes = query.encode();
+
+    // Bind to an ephemeral port
+    let bind_addr = if server_addr.is_ipv6() {
+        "[::]:0"
+    } else {
+        "0.0.0.0:0"
+    };
+    let socket = UdpSocket::bind(bind_addr)
+        .await
+        .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to bind UDP socket: {}", e))?;
+
+    socket
+        .send_to(&query_bytes, server_addr)
+        .await
+        .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to send UDP query: {}", e))?;
+
+    let mut buf = vec![0u8; 4096];
+    let timeout = Duration::from_millis(params.timeout_ms);
+
+    let len = tokio::time::timeout(timeout, socket.recv_from(&mut buf))
+        .await
+        .map_err(|_| "UDP query timed out".to_string())?
+        .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to receive UDP response: {}", e))?
+        .0;
+
+    let response_bytes = &buf[..len];
+    let response = DnsPacket::parse(response_bytes)
+        .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to parse UDP response: {}", e))?;
+
+    debug!(
+        "UDP response: id={}, rcode={}, answers={}, ad={}",
+        response.id,
+        response.rcode(),
+        response.answers.len(),
+        response.has_ad_flag()
+    );
+
+    let answers = decode_answers(&response.answers, response_bytes);
+
+    Ok(ResolveResult {
+        answers,
+        ad_flag: response.has_ad_flag(),
+        rcode: response.rcode(),
+    })
+}
+
+/// Decode answer records into ClientDnsAnswer values.
+pub fn decode_answers(records: &[DnsRecord], packet_bytes: &[u8]) -> Vec<ClientDnsAnswer> {
+    let mut answers = Vec::new();
+
+    for record in records {
+        // Skip OPT, RRSIG, DNSKEY records — they're metadata, not answer data
+        match record.rtype {
+            QType::OPT | QType::RRSIG | QType::DNSKEY => continue,
+            _ => {}
+        }
+
+        let value = decode_record_value(record, packet_bytes);
+        let value = match value {
+            Ok(v) => v,
+            Err(_) => continue, // skip records we can't decode
+        };
+
+        // Strip trailing dot from name
+        let name = record.name.strip_suffix('.').unwrap_or(&record.name).to_string();
+
+        answers.push(ClientDnsAnswer {
+            name,
+            rtype: record.rtype.as_str().to_string(),
+            ttl: record.ttl,
+            value,
+        });
+    }
+
+    answers
+}
+
+/// Decode a single record's RDATA to a string value.
+fn decode_record_value(record: &DnsRecord, packet_bytes: &[u8]) -> Result<String, String> {
+    // We need the rdata offset within the packet for compression pointer resolution.
+    // Since we have the raw rdata and the full packet, we find the rdata position.
+    let rdata_offset = find_rdata_offset(packet_bytes, &record.rdata);
+
+    match record.rtype {
+        QType::A => decode_a(&record.rdata).map_err(|e| e.to_string()),
+        QType::AAAA => decode_aaaa(&record.rdata).map_err(|e| e.to_string()),
+        QType::TXT => {
+            let chunks = decode_txt(&record.rdata).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+            Ok(chunks.join(""))
+        }
+        QType::MX => {
+            if let Some(offset) = rdata_offset {
+                let (pref, exchange) = decode_mx(&record.rdata, packet_bytes, offset)?;
+                Ok(format!("{} {}", pref, exchange))
+            } else {
+                Err("Cannot find MX rdata in packet".into())
+            }
+        }
+        QType::NS | QType::CNAME | QType::PTR => {
+            if let Some(offset) = rdata_offset {
+                decode_name_rdata(&record.rdata, packet_bytes, offset)
+            } else {
+                Err("Cannot find name rdata in packet".into())
+            }
+        }
+        QType::SOA => {
+            if let Some(offset) = rdata_offset {
+                let soa = decode_soa(&record.rdata, packet_bytes, offset)?;
+                Ok(format!(
+                    "{} {} {} {} {} {} {}",
+                    soa.mname, soa.rname, soa.serial, soa.refresh, soa.retry, soa.expire, soa.minimum
+                ))
+            } else {
+                Err("Cannot find SOA rdata in packet".into())
+            }
+        }
+        QType::SRV => {
+            if let Some(offset) = rdata_offset {
+                let srv = decode_srv(&record.rdata, packet_bytes, offset)?;
+                Ok(format!(
+                    "{} {} {} {}",
+                    srv.priority, srv.weight, srv.port, srv.target
+                ))
+            } else {
+                Err("Cannot find SRV rdata in packet".into())
+            }
+        }
+        _ => {
+            // Unknown type: return hex encoding
+            Ok(record.rdata.iter().map(|b| format!("{:02x}", b)).collect::<String>())
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Find the offset of the rdata bytes within the full packet buffer.
+/// This is needed because compression pointers in RDATA reference absolute positions.
+fn find_rdata_offset(packet: &[u8], rdata: &[u8]) -> Option<usize> {
+    if rdata.is_empty() {
+        return None;
+    }
+    // Search for the rdata slice within the packet
+    let rdata_len = rdata.len();
+    if rdata_len > packet.len() {
+        return None;
+    }
+    for i in 0..=(packet.len() - rdata_len) {
+        if &packet[i..i + rdata_len] == rdata {
+            return Some(i);
+        }
+    }
+    None
+}
--- a/rust/crates/rustdns-dnssec/Cargo.toml
+++ b/rust/crates/rustdns-dnssec/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[package]
+name = "rustdns-dnssec"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2021"
+
+[dependencies]
+rustdns-protocol = { path = "../rustdns-protocol" }
+p256 = { version = "0.13", features = ["ecdsa", "ecdsa-core"] }
+ed25519-dalek = { version = "2", features = ["rand_core"] }
+sha2 = "0.10"
+rand = "0.8"
--- a/rust/crates/rustdns-dnssec/src/keys.rs
+++ b/rust/crates/rustdns-dnssec/src/keys.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+use p256::ecdsa::SigningKey as EcdsaSigningKey;
+use ed25519_dalek::SigningKey as Ed25519SigningKey;
+use rand::rngs::OsRng;
+
+/// Supported DNSSEC algorithms.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum DnssecAlgorithm {
+    /// ECDSA P-256 with SHA-256 (algorithm 13)
+    EcdsaP256Sha256,
+    /// ED25519 (algorithm 15)
+    Ed25519,
+}
+
+impl DnssecAlgorithm {
+    pub fn number(&self) -> u8 {
+        match self {
+            DnssecAlgorithm::EcdsaP256Sha256 => 13,
+            DnssecAlgorithm::Ed25519 => 15,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn from_str(s: &str) -> Option<Self> {
+        match s.to_uppercase().as_str() {
+            "ECDSA" | "ECDSAP256SHA256" => Some(DnssecAlgorithm::EcdsaP256Sha256),
+            "ED25519" => Some(DnssecAlgorithm::Ed25519),
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// A DNSSEC key pair with material for signing and DNSKEY generation.
+pub enum DnssecKeyPair {
+    EcdsaP256 {
+        signing_key: EcdsaSigningKey,
+    },
+    Ed25519 {
+        signing_key: Ed25519SigningKey,
+    },
+}
+
+impl DnssecKeyPair {
+    /// Generate a new key pair for the given algorithm.
+    pub fn generate(algorithm: DnssecAlgorithm) -> Self {
+        match algorithm {
+            DnssecAlgorithm::EcdsaP256Sha256 => {
+                let signing_key = EcdsaSigningKey::random(&mut OsRng);
+                DnssecKeyPair::EcdsaP256 { signing_key }
+            }
+            DnssecAlgorithm::Ed25519 => {
+                let signing_key = Ed25519SigningKey::generate(&mut OsRng);
+                DnssecKeyPair::Ed25519 { signing_key }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Get the algorithm.
+    pub fn algorithm(&self) -> DnssecAlgorithm {
+        match self {
+            DnssecKeyPair::EcdsaP256 { .. } => DnssecAlgorithm::EcdsaP256Sha256,
+            DnssecKeyPair::Ed25519 { .. } => DnssecAlgorithm::Ed25519,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Get the public key bytes for the DNSKEY record.
+    /// For ECDSA P-256: 64 bytes (uncompressed x || y, without 0x04 prefix).
+    /// For ED25519: 32 bytes.
+    pub fn public_key_bytes(&self) -> Vec<u8> {
+        match self {
+            DnssecKeyPair::EcdsaP256 { signing_key } => {
+                use p256::ecdsa::VerifyingKey;
+                let verifying_key = VerifyingKey::from(signing_key);
+                let point = verifying_key.to_encoded_point(false); // uncompressed
+                let bytes = point.as_bytes();
+                // Remove 0x04 prefix for DNS format
+                bytes[1..].to_vec()
+            }
+            DnssecKeyPair::Ed25519 { signing_key } => {
+                let verifying_key = signing_key.verifying_key();
+                verifying_key.as_bytes().to_vec()
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Get the DNSKEY RDATA (flags=256/ZSK, protocol=3, algorithm, public key).
+    pub fn dnskey_rdata(&self) -> Vec<u8> {
+        let flags: u16 = 256; // Zone Signing Key
+        let protocol: u8 = 3;
+        let algorithm = self.algorithm().number();
+        let pubkey = self.public_key_bytes();
+
+        let mut buf = Vec::new();
+        buf.extend_from_slice(&flags.to_be_bytes());
+        buf.push(protocol);
+        buf.push(algorithm);
+        buf.extend_from_slice(&pubkey);
+        buf
+    }
+
+    /// Sign data with this key pair.
+    pub fn sign(&self, data: &[u8]) -> Vec<u8> {
+        match self {
+            DnssecKeyPair::EcdsaP256 { signing_key } => {
+                use p256::ecdsa::{signature::Signer, Signature};
+                let sig: Signature = signing_key.sign(data);
+                sig.to_der().as_bytes().to_vec()
+            }
+            DnssecKeyPair::Ed25519 { signing_key } => {
+                use ed25519_dalek::Signer;
+                let sig = signing_key.sign(data);
+                sig.to_bytes().to_vec()
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_ecdsa_key_generation() {
+        let kp = DnssecKeyPair::generate(DnssecAlgorithm::EcdsaP256Sha256);
+        assert_eq!(kp.algorithm(), DnssecAlgorithm::EcdsaP256Sha256);
+        assert_eq!(kp.public_key_bytes().len(), 64); // x(32) + y(32)
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_ed25519_key_generation() {
+        let kp = DnssecKeyPair::generate(DnssecAlgorithm::Ed25519);
+        assert_eq!(kp.algorithm(), DnssecAlgorithm::Ed25519);
+        assert_eq!(kp.public_key_bytes().len(), 32);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_dnskey_rdata() {
+        let kp = DnssecKeyPair::generate(DnssecAlgorithm::EcdsaP256Sha256);
+        let rdata = kp.dnskey_rdata();
+        // flags(2) + protocol(1) + algorithm(1) + pubkey(64) = 68
+        assert_eq!(rdata.len(), 68);
+        assert_eq!(rdata[0], 1); // flags high byte (256 >> 8)
+        assert_eq!(rdata[1], 0); // flags low byte
+        assert_eq!(rdata[2], 3); // protocol
+        assert_eq!(rdata[3], 13); // algorithm 13 = ECDSA P-256
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_sign_and_verify() {
+        let kp = DnssecKeyPair::generate(DnssecAlgorithm::EcdsaP256Sha256);
+        let data = b"test data to sign";
+        let sig = kp.sign(data);
+        assert!(!sig.is_empty());
+
+        let kp2 = DnssecKeyPair::generate(DnssecAlgorithm::Ed25519);
+        let sig2 = kp2.sign(data);
+        assert!(!sig2.is_empty());
+    }
+}
--- a/rust/crates/rustdns-dnssec/src/keytag.rs
+++ b/rust/crates/rustdns-dnssec/src/keytag.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/// Compute the DNSSEC key tag as per RFC 4034 Appendix B.
+/// Input is the full DNSKEY RDATA (flags + protocol + algorithm + public key).
+pub fn compute_key_tag(dnskey_rdata: &[u8]) -> u16 {
+    let mut acc: u32 = 0;
+    for (i, &byte) in dnskey_rdata.iter().enumerate() {
+        if i & 1 == 0 {
+            acc += (byte as u32) << 8;
+        } else {
+            acc += byte as u32;
+        }
+    }
+    acc += (acc >> 16) & 0xFFFF;
+    (acc & 0xFFFF) as u16
+}
+
+/// Compute a DS record digest (SHA-256) from owner name + DNSKEY RDATA.
+pub fn compute_ds_digest(owner_name_wire: &[u8], dnskey_rdata: &[u8]) -> Vec<u8> {
+    use sha2::{Sha256, Digest};
+    let mut hasher = Sha256::new();
+    hasher.update(owner_name_wire);
+    hasher.update(dnskey_rdata);
+    hasher.finalize().to_vec()
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_key_tag_computation() {
+        // A known DNSKEY RDATA: flags=256, protocol=3, algorithm=13, plus some key bytes
+        let mut rdata = vec![1u8, 0, 3, 13]; // flags=256, protocol=3, algorithm=13
+        rdata.extend_from_slice(&[0u8; 64]); // dummy 64-byte key
+        let tag = compute_key_tag(&rdata);
+        // Just verify it produces a reasonable value
+        assert!(tag > 0);
+    }
+}
--- a/rust/crates/rustdns-dnssec/src/lib.rs
+++ b/rust/crates/rustdns-dnssec/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+pub mod keys;
+pub mod signing;
+pub mod keytag;
--- a/rust/crates/rustdns-dnssec/src/signing.rs
+++ b/rust/crates/rustdns-dnssec/src/signing.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+use crate::keys::DnssecKeyPair;
+use crate::keytag::compute_key_tag;
+use rustdns_protocol::name::encode_name;
+use rustdns_protocol::packet::{encode_rrsig, DnsRecord};
+use rustdns_protocol::types::QType;
+use sha2::{Sha256, Digest};
+
+/// Canonical RRset serialization for DNSSEC signing (RFC 4034 Section 6).
+/// Each record: name(wire) + type(2) + class(2) + ttl(4) + rdlength(2) + rdata
+pub fn serialize_rrset_canonical(records: &[DnsRecord]) -> Vec<u8> {
+    let mut buf = Vec::new();
+    for rr in records {
+        if rr.rtype == QType::OPT {
+            continue;
+        }
+        let name = if rr.name.ends_with('.') {
+            rr.name.to_lowercase()
+        } else {
+            format!("{}.", rr.name).to_lowercase()
+        };
+        buf.extend_from_slice(&encode_name(&name));
+        buf.extend_from_slice(&rr.rtype.to_u16().to_be_bytes());
+        buf.extend_from_slice(&rr.rclass.to_u16().to_be_bytes());
+        buf.extend_from_slice(&rr.ttl.to_be_bytes());
+        buf.extend_from_slice(&(rr.rdata.len() as u16).to_be_bytes());
+        buf.extend_from_slice(&rr.rdata);
+    }
+    buf
+}
+
+/// Generate an RRSIG record for a given RRset.
+pub fn generate_rrsig(
+    key_pair: &DnssecKeyPair,
+    zone: &str,
+    rrset: &[DnsRecord],
+    name: &str,
+    rtype: QType,
+) -> DnsRecord {
+    let algorithm = key_pair.algorithm().number();
+    let dnskey_rdata = key_pair.dnskey_rdata();
+    let key_tag = compute_key_tag(&dnskey_rdata);
+
+    let signers_name = if zone.ends_with('.') {
+        zone.to_string()
+    } else {
+        format!("{}.", zone)
+    };
+
+    let ttl = if rrset.is_empty() { 300 } else { rrset[0].ttl };
+    let now = std::time::SystemTime::now()
+        .duration_since(std::time::UNIX_EPOCH)
+        .unwrap()
+        .as_secs() as u32;
+    let inception = now.wrapping_sub(3600); // 1 hour ago
+    let expiration = inception.wrapping_add(86400); // +1 day
+
+    let labels = name
+        .strip_suffix('.')
+        .unwrap_or(name)
+        .split('.')
+        .filter(|l| !l.is_empty())
+        .count() as u8;
+
+    // Build the RRSIG RDATA preamble (everything before the signature)
+    let type_covered = rtype.to_u16();
+    let mut sig_data = Vec::new();
+    sig_data.extend_from_slice(&type_covered.to_be_bytes());
+    sig_data.push(algorithm);
+    sig_data.push(labels);
+    sig_data.extend_from_slice(&ttl.to_be_bytes());
+    sig_data.extend_from_slice(&expiration.to_be_bytes());
+    sig_data.extend_from_slice(&inception.to_be_bytes());
+    sig_data.extend_from_slice(&key_tag.to_be_bytes());
+    sig_data.extend_from_slice(&encode_name(&signers_name));
+
+    // Append the canonical RRset
+    sig_data.extend_from_slice(&serialize_rrset_canonical(rrset));
+
+    // Sign: ECDSA uses SHA-256 internally via the p256 crate, ED25519 does its own hashing
+    let signature = match key_pair {
+        DnssecKeyPair::EcdsaP256 { .. } => {
+            // For ECDSA, we hash first then sign
+            let hash = Sha256::digest(&sig_data);
+            key_pair.sign(&hash)
+        }
+        DnssecKeyPair::Ed25519 { .. } => {
+            // ED25519 includes hashing internally
+            key_pair.sign(&sig_data)
+        }
+    };
+
+    let rrsig_rdata = encode_rrsig(
+        type_covered,
+        algorithm,
+        labels,
+        ttl,
+        expiration,
+        inception,
+        key_tag,
+        &signers_name,
+        &signature,
+    );
+
+    DnsRecord {
+        name: name.to_string(),
+        rtype: QType::RRSIG,
+        rclass: rustdns_protocol::types::QClass::IN,
+        ttl,
+        rdata: rrsig_rdata,
+        opt_flags: None,
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::keys::{DnssecAlgorithm, DnssecKeyPair};
+    use rustdns_protocol::packet::{build_record, encode_a};
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_generate_rrsig_ecdsa() {
+        let kp = DnssecKeyPair::generate(DnssecAlgorithm::EcdsaP256Sha256);
+        let record = build_record("test.example.com", QType::A, 300, encode_a("127.0.0.1"));
+        let rrsig = generate_rrsig(&kp, "example.com", &[record], "test.example.com", QType::A);
+
+        assert_eq!(rrsig.rtype, QType::RRSIG);
+        assert!(!rrsig.rdata.is_empty());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_generate_rrsig_ed25519() {
+        let kp = DnssecKeyPair::generate(DnssecAlgorithm::Ed25519);
+        let record = build_record("test.example.com", QType::A, 300, encode_a("10.0.0.1"));
+        let rrsig = generate_rrsig(&kp, "example.com", &[record], "test.example.com", QType::A);
+
+        assert_eq!(rrsig.rtype, QType::RRSIG);
+        assert!(!rrsig.rdata.is_empty());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_serialize_rrset_canonical() {
+        let r1 = build_record("example.com", QType::A, 300, encode_a("1.2.3.4"));
+        let r2 = build_record("example.com", QType::A, 300, encode_a("5.6.7.8"));
+        let serialized = serialize_rrset_canonical(&[r1, r2]);
+        assert!(!serialized.is_empty());
+    }
+}
--- a/rust/crates/rustdns-protocol/Cargo.toml
+++ b/rust/crates/rustdns-protocol/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+[package]
+name = "rustdns-protocol"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2021"
+
+[dependencies]
--- a/rust/crates/rustdns-protocol/src/lib.rs
+++ b/rust/crates/rustdns-protocol/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+pub mod types;
+pub mod name;
+pub mod packet;
--- a/rust/crates/rustdns-protocol/src/name.rs
+++ b/rust/crates/rustdns-protocol/src/name.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+/// Encode a domain name into DNS wire format.
+/// e.g. "example.com" -> [7, 'e','x','a','m','p','l','e', 3, 'c','o','m', 0]
+pub fn encode_name(name: &str) -> Vec<u8> {
+    let mut buf = Vec::new();
+    let trimmed = name.strip_suffix('.').unwrap_or(name);
+    if trimmed.is_empty() {
+        buf.push(0);
+        return buf;
+    }
+    for label in trimmed.split('.') {
+        let len = label.len();
+        if len > 63 {
+            // Truncate to 63 per DNS spec
+            buf.push(63);
+            buf.extend_from_slice(&label.as_bytes()[..63]);
+        } else {
+            buf.push(len as u8);
+            buf.extend_from_slice(label.as_bytes());
+        }
+    }
+    buf.push(0); // root label
+    buf
+}
+
+/// Decode a domain name from DNS wire format at the given offset.
+/// Returns (name, bytes_consumed).
+/// Handles compression pointers (0xC0 prefix).
+pub fn decode_name(data: &[u8], offset: usize) -> Result<(String, usize), &'static str> {
+    let mut labels: Vec<String> = Vec::new();
+    let mut pos = offset;
+    let mut bytes_consumed = 0;
+    let mut jumped = false;
+
+    loop {
+        if pos >= data.len() {
+            return Err("unexpected end of data in name");
+        }
+        let len = data[pos] as usize;
+
+        if len == 0 {
+            // Root label
+            if !jumped {
+                bytes_consumed = pos - offset + 1;
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+
+        // Check for compression pointer
+        if len & 0xC0 == 0xC0 {
+            if pos + 1 >= data.len() {
+                return Err("unexpected end of data in compression pointer");
+            }
+            let pointer = ((len & 0x3F) << 8) | (data[pos + 1] as usize);
+            if !jumped {
+                bytes_consumed = pos - offset + 2;
+                jumped = true;
+            }
+            pos = pointer;
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // Regular label
+        pos += 1;
+        if pos + len > data.len() {
+            return Err("label extends beyond data");
+        }
+        let label = std::str::from_utf8(&data[pos..pos + len]).map_err(|_| "invalid UTF-8 in label")?;
+        labels.push(label.to_string());
+        pos += len;
+    }
+
+    if bytes_consumed == 0 && !jumped {
+        bytes_consumed = 1; // just the root label
+    }
+
+    Ok((labels.join("."), bytes_consumed))
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_encode_decode_roundtrip() {
+        let names = vec!["example.com", "sub.domain.example.com", "localhost", "a.b.c.d.e"];
+        for name in names {
+            let encoded = encode_name(name);
+            let (decoded, consumed) = decode_name(&encoded, 0).unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(decoded, name);
+            assert_eq!(consumed, encoded.len());
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_encode_trailing_dot() {
+        let a = encode_name("example.com.");
+        let b = encode_name("example.com");
+        assert_eq!(a, b);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_root_name() {
+        let encoded = encode_name("");
+        assert_eq!(encoded, vec![0]);
+        let (decoded, _) = decode_name(&encoded, 0).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(decoded, "");
+    }
+}
--- a/rust/crates/rustdns-protocol/src/packet.rs
+++ b/rust/crates/rustdns-protocol/src/packet.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,666 @@
+use crate::name::{decode_name, encode_name};
+use crate::types::{QClass, QType, FLAG_QR, FLAG_AA, FLAG_RD, FLAG_RA, FLAG_AD, EDNS_DO_BIT};
+
+/// A parsed DNS question.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct DnsQuestion {
+    pub name: String,
+    pub qtype: QType,
+    pub qclass: QClass,
+}
+
+/// A parsed DNS resource record.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct DnsRecord {
+    pub name: String,
+    pub rtype: QType,
+    pub rclass: QClass,
+    pub ttl: u32,
+    pub rdata: Vec<u8>,
+    // For OPT records, the flags are stored in the TTL field position
+    pub opt_flags: Option<u16>,
+}
+
+/// A complete DNS packet (parsed).
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct DnsPacket {
+    pub id: u16,
+    pub flags: u16,
+    pub questions: Vec<DnsQuestion>,
+    pub answers: Vec<DnsRecord>,
+    pub authorities: Vec<DnsRecord>,
+    pub additionals: Vec<DnsRecord>,
+}
+
+impl DnsPacket {
+    /// Create a new empty query packet.
+    pub fn new_query(id: u16) -> Self {
+        DnsPacket {
+            id,
+            flags: 0,
+            questions: Vec::new(),
+            answers: Vec::new(),
+            authorities: Vec::new(),
+            additionals: Vec::new(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Create a response packet for a given request.
+    pub fn new_response(request: &DnsPacket) -> Self {
+        let mut flags = FLAG_QR | FLAG_AA | FLAG_RA;
+        if request.flags & FLAG_RD != 0 {
+            flags |= FLAG_RD;
+        }
+        DnsPacket {
+            id: request.id,
+            flags,
+            questions: request.questions.clone(),
+            answers: Vec::new(),
+            authorities: Vec::new(),
+            additionals: Vec::new(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Extract the response code (lower 4 bits of flags).
+    pub fn rcode(&self) -> u8 {
+        (self.flags & 0x000F) as u8
+    }
+
+    /// Check if the AD (Authenticated Data) flag is set.
+    pub fn has_ad_flag(&self) -> bool {
+        self.flags & FLAG_AD != 0
+    }
+
+    /// Check if DNSSEC (DO bit) is requested in the OPT record.
+    pub fn is_dnssec_requested(&self) -> bool {
+        for additional in &self.additionals {
+            if additional.rtype == QType::OPT {
+                if let Some(flags) = additional.opt_flags {
+                    if flags & EDNS_DO_BIT != 0 {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        false
+    }
+
+    /// Parse a DNS packet from wire format bytes.
+    pub fn parse(data: &[u8]) -> Result<Self, String> {
+        if data.len() < 12 {
+            return Err("packet too short for DNS header".into());
+        }
+
+        let id = u16::from_be_bytes([data[0], data[1]]);
+        let flags = u16::from_be_bytes([data[2], data[3]]);
+        let qdcount = u16::from_be_bytes([data[4], data[5]]) as usize;
+        let ancount = u16::from_be_bytes([data[6], data[7]]) as usize;
+        let nscount = u16::from_be_bytes([data[8], data[9]]) as usize;
+        let arcount = u16::from_be_bytes([data[10], data[11]]) as usize;
+
+        let mut offset = 12;
+
+        // Parse questions
+        let mut questions = Vec::with_capacity(qdcount);
+        for _ in 0..qdcount {
+            let (name, consumed) = decode_name(data, offset).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+            offset += consumed;
+            if offset + 4 > data.len() {
+                return Err("packet too short for question fields".into());
+            }
+            let qtype = QType::from_u16(u16::from_be_bytes([data[offset], data[offset + 1]]));
+            let qclass = QClass::from_u16(u16::from_be_bytes([data[offset + 2], data[offset + 3]]));
+            offset += 4;
+            questions.push(DnsQuestion { name, qtype, qclass });
+        }
+
+        // Parse resource records
+        fn parse_records(data: &[u8], offset: &mut usize, count: usize) -> Result<Vec<DnsRecord>, String> {
+            let mut records = Vec::with_capacity(count);
+            for _ in 0..count {
+                let (name, consumed) = decode_name(data, *offset).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+                *offset += consumed;
+                if *offset + 10 > data.len() {
+                    return Err("packet too short for RR fields".into());
+                }
+                let rtype = QType::from_u16(u16::from_be_bytes([data[*offset], data[*offset + 1]]));
+                let rclass_or_payload = u16::from_be_bytes([data[*offset + 2], data[*offset + 3]]);
+                let ttl_bytes = u32::from_be_bytes([data[*offset + 4], data[*offset + 5], data[*offset + 6], data[*offset + 7]]);
+                let rdlength = u16::from_be_bytes([data[*offset + 8], data[*offset + 9]]) as usize;
+                *offset += 10;
+                if *offset + rdlength > data.len() {
+                    return Err("packet too short for RDATA".into());
+                }
+                let rdata = data[*offset..*offset + rdlength].to_vec();
+                *offset += rdlength;
+
+                // For OPT records, extract flags from the TTL position
+                let (rclass, ttl, opt_flags) = if rtype == QType::OPT {
+                    // OPT: class = UDP payload size, TTL upper 16 = extended RCODE + version, lower 16 = flags
+                    let flags = (ttl_bytes & 0xFFFF) as u16;
+                    (QClass::from_u16(rclass_or_payload), 0, Some(flags))
+                } else {
+                    (QClass::from_u16(rclass_or_payload), ttl_bytes, None)
+                };
+
+                records.push(DnsRecord {
+                    name,
+                    rtype,
+                    rclass,
+                    ttl,
+                    rdata,
+                    opt_flags,
+                });
+            }
+            Ok(records)
+        }
+
+        let answers = parse_records(data, &mut offset, ancount)?;
+        let authorities = parse_records(data, &mut offset, nscount)?;
+        let additionals = parse_records(data, &mut offset, arcount)?;
+
+        Ok(DnsPacket {
+            id,
+            flags,
+            questions,
+            answers,
+            authorities,
+            additionals,
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Encode this DNS packet to wire format bytes.
+    pub fn encode(&self) -> Vec<u8> {
+        let mut buf = Vec::with_capacity(512);
+
+        // Header
+        buf.extend_from_slice(&self.id.to_be_bytes());
+        buf.extend_from_slice(&self.flags.to_be_bytes());
+        buf.extend_from_slice(&(self.questions.len() as u16).to_be_bytes());
+        buf.extend_from_slice(&(self.answers.len() as u16).to_be_bytes());
+        buf.extend_from_slice(&(self.authorities.len() as u16).to_be_bytes());
+        buf.extend_from_slice(&(self.additionals.len() as u16).to_be_bytes());
+
+        // Questions
+        for q in &self.questions {
+            buf.extend_from_slice(&encode_name(&q.name));
+            buf.extend_from_slice(&q.qtype.to_u16().to_be_bytes());
+            buf.extend_from_slice(&q.qclass.to_u16().to_be_bytes());
+        }
+
+        // Resource records
+        fn encode_records(buf: &mut Vec<u8>, records: &[DnsRecord]) {
+            for rr in records {
+                buf.extend_from_slice(&encode_name(&rr.name));
+                buf.extend_from_slice(&rr.rtype.to_u16().to_be_bytes());
+                if rr.rtype == QType::OPT {
+                    // OPT: class = UDP payload size (4096), TTL = ext rcode + flags
+                    buf.extend_from_slice(&rr.rclass.to_u16().to_be_bytes());
+                    let flags = rr.opt_flags.unwrap_or(0) as u32;
+                    buf.extend_from_slice(&flags.to_be_bytes());
+                } else {
+                    buf.extend_from_slice(&rr.rclass.to_u16().to_be_bytes());
+                    buf.extend_from_slice(&rr.ttl.to_be_bytes());
+                }
+                buf.extend_from_slice(&(rr.rdata.len() as u16).to_be_bytes());
+                buf.extend_from_slice(&rr.rdata);
+            }
+        }
+
+        encode_records(&mut buf, &self.answers);
+        encode_records(&mut buf, &self.authorities);
+        encode_records(&mut buf, &self.additionals);
+
+        buf
+    }
+}
+
+// ── RDATA encoding helpers ─────────────────────────────────────────
+
+/// Encode an A record (IPv4 address string -> 4 bytes).
+pub fn encode_a(ip: &str) -> Vec<u8> {
+    ip.split('.')
+        .filter_map(|s| s.parse::<u8>().ok())
+        .collect()
+}
+
+/// Encode an AAAA record (IPv6 address string -> 16 bytes).
+pub fn encode_aaaa(ip: &str) -> Vec<u8> {
+    // Handle :: expansion
+    let expanded = expand_ipv6(ip);
+    expanded
+        .split(':')
+        .flat_map(|seg| {
+            let val = u16::from_str_radix(seg, 16).unwrap_or(0);
+            val.to_be_bytes().to_vec()
+        })
+        .collect()
+}
+
+fn expand_ipv6(ip: &str) -> String {
+    if !ip.contains("::") {
+        return ip.to_string();
+    }
+    let parts: Vec<&str> = ip.split("::").collect();
+    let left: Vec<&str> = if parts[0].is_empty() {
+        vec![]
+    } else {
+        parts[0].split(':').collect()
+    };
+    let right: Vec<&str> = if parts.len() > 1 && !parts[1].is_empty() {
+        parts[1].split(':').collect()
+    } else {
+        vec![]
+    };
+    let fill_count = 8 - left.len() - right.len();
+    let mut result: Vec<String> = left.iter().map(|s| s.to_string()).collect();
+    for _ in 0..fill_count {
+        result.push("0".to_string());
+    }
+    result.extend(right.iter().map(|s| s.to_string()));
+    result.join(":")
+}
+
+/// Encode a TXT record (array of strings -> length-prefixed chunks).
+pub fn encode_txt(strings: &[String]) -> Vec<u8> {
+    let mut buf = Vec::new();
+    for s in strings {
+        let bytes = s.as_bytes();
+        // TXT strings must be <= 255 bytes each
+        let len = bytes.len().min(255);
+        buf.push(len as u8);
+        buf.extend_from_slice(&bytes[..len]);
+    }
+    buf
+}
+
+/// Encode a domain name for use in RDATA (NS, CNAME, PTR, etc.).
+pub fn encode_name_rdata(name: &str) -> Vec<u8> {
+    encode_name(name)
+}
+
+/// Encode a SOA record RDATA.
+pub fn encode_soa(mname: &str, rname: &str, serial: u32, refresh: u32, retry: u32, expire: u32, minimum: u32) -> Vec<u8> {
+    let mut buf = Vec::new();
+    buf.extend_from_slice(&encode_name(mname));
+    buf.extend_from_slice(&encode_name(rname));
+    buf.extend_from_slice(&serial.to_be_bytes());
+    buf.extend_from_slice(&refresh.to_be_bytes());
+    buf.extend_from_slice(&retry.to_be_bytes());
+    buf.extend_from_slice(&expire.to_be_bytes());
+    buf.extend_from_slice(&minimum.to_be_bytes());
+    buf
+}
+
+/// Encode an MX record RDATA.
+pub fn encode_mx(preference: u16, exchange: &str) -> Vec<u8> {
+    let mut buf = Vec::new();
+    buf.extend_from_slice(&preference.to_be_bytes());
+    buf.extend_from_slice(&encode_name(exchange));
+    buf
+}
+
+/// Encode a SRV record RDATA.
+pub fn encode_srv(priority: u16, weight: u16, port: u16, target: &str) -> Vec<u8> {
+    let mut buf = Vec::new();
+    buf.extend_from_slice(&priority.to_be_bytes());
+    buf.extend_from_slice(&weight.to_be_bytes());
+    buf.extend_from_slice(&port.to_be_bytes());
+    buf.extend_from_slice(&encode_name(target));
+    buf
+}
+
+/// Encode a DNSKEY record RDATA.
+pub fn encode_dnskey(flags: u16, protocol: u8, algorithm: u8, public_key: &[u8]) -> Vec<u8> {
+    let mut buf = Vec::new();
+    buf.extend_from_slice(&flags.to_be_bytes());
+    buf.push(protocol);
+    buf.push(algorithm);
+    buf.extend_from_slice(public_key);
+    buf
+}
+
+/// Encode an RRSIG record RDATA.
+pub fn encode_rrsig(
+    type_covered: u16,
+    algorithm: u8,
+    labels: u8,
+    original_ttl: u32,
+    expiration: u32,
+    inception: u32,
+    key_tag: u16,
+    signers_name: &str,
+    signature: &[u8],
+) -> Vec<u8> {
+    let mut buf = Vec::new();
+    buf.extend_from_slice(&type_covered.to_be_bytes());
+    buf.push(algorithm);
+    buf.push(labels);
+    buf.extend_from_slice(&original_ttl.to_be_bytes());
+    buf.extend_from_slice(&expiration.to_be_bytes());
+    buf.extend_from_slice(&inception.to_be_bytes());
+    buf.extend_from_slice(&key_tag.to_be_bytes());
+    buf.extend_from_slice(&encode_name(signers_name));
+    buf.extend_from_slice(signature);
+    buf
+}
+
+// ── RDATA decoding helpers ─────────────────────────────────────────
+
+/// Decode an A record (4 bytes -> IPv4 string).
+pub fn decode_a(rdata: &[u8]) -> Result<String, &'static str> {
+    if rdata.len() < 4 {
+        return Err("A rdata too short");
+    }
+    Ok(format!("{}.{}.{}.{}", rdata[0], rdata[1], rdata[2], rdata[3]))
+}
+
+/// Decode an AAAA record (16 bytes -> IPv6 string).
+pub fn decode_aaaa(rdata: &[u8]) -> Result<String, &'static str> {
+    if rdata.len() < 16 {
+        return Err("AAAA rdata too short");
+    }
+    let groups: Vec<String> = (0..8)
+        .map(|i| {
+            let val = u16::from_be_bytes([rdata[i * 2], rdata[i * 2 + 1]]);
+            format!("{:x}", val)
+        })
+        .collect();
+    // Build full form, then compress :: notation
+    let full = groups.join(":");
+    compress_ipv6(&full)
+}
+
+/// Compress a full IPv6 address to shortest form.
+fn compress_ipv6(full: &str) -> Result<String, &'static str> {
+    let groups: Vec<&str> = full.split(':').collect();
+    if groups.len() != 8 {
+        return Ok(full.to_string());
+    }
+
+    // Find longest run of consecutive "0" groups
+    let mut best_start = None;
+    let mut best_len = 0usize;
+    let mut cur_start = None;
+    let mut cur_len = 0usize;
+
+    for (i, g) in groups.iter().enumerate() {
+        if *g == "0" {
+            if cur_start.is_none() {
+                cur_start = Some(i);
+                cur_len = 1;
+            } else {
+                cur_len += 1;
+            }
+            if cur_len > best_len {
+                best_start = cur_start;
+                best_len = cur_len;
+            }
+        } else {
+            cur_start = None;
+            cur_len = 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if best_len >= 2 {
+        let bs = best_start.unwrap();
+        let left: Vec<&str> = groups[..bs].to_vec();
+        let right: Vec<&str> = groups[bs + best_len..].to_vec();
+        let l = left.join(":");
+        let r = right.join(":");
+        if l.is_empty() && r.is_empty() {
+            Ok("::".to_string())
+        } else if l.is_empty() {
+            Ok(format!("::{}", r))
+        } else if r.is_empty() {
+            Ok(format!("{}::", l))
+        } else {
+            Ok(format!("{}::{}", l, r))
+        }
+    } else {
+        Ok(full.to_string())
+    }
+}
+
+/// Decode a TXT record (length-prefixed chunks -> strings).
+pub fn decode_txt(rdata: &[u8]) -> Result<Vec<String>, &'static str> {
+    let mut strings = Vec::new();
+    let mut pos = 0;
+    while pos < rdata.len() {
+        let len = rdata[pos] as usize;
+        pos += 1;
+        if pos + len > rdata.len() {
+            return Err("TXT chunk extends beyond rdata");
+        }
+        let s = std::str::from_utf8(&rdata[pos..pos + len])
+            .map_err(|_| "invalid UTF-8 in TXT")?;
+        strings.push(s.to_string());
+        pos += len;
+    }
+    Ok(strings)
+}
+
+/// Decode an MX record (preference + exchange name with compression).
+pub fn decode_mx(rdata: &[u8], packet: &[u8], rdata_offset: usize) -> Result<(u16, String), String> {
+    if rdata.len() < 3 {
+        return Err("MX rdata too short".into());
+    }
+    let preference = u16::from_be_bytes([rdata[0], rdata[1]]);
+    let (name, _) = decode_name(packet, rdata_offset + 2).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+    Ok((preference, name))
+}
+
+/// Decode a name from RDATA (for NS, CNAME, PTR records with compression).
+pub fn decode_name_rdata(_rdata: &[u8], packet: &[u8], rdata_offset: usize) -> Result<String, String> {
+    let (name, _) = decode_name(packet, rdata_offset).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+    Ok(name)
+}
+
+/// SOA record decoded fields.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct SoaData {
+    pub mname: String,
+    pub rname: String,
+    pub serial: u32,
+    pub refresh: u32,
+    pub retry: u32,
+    pub expire: u32,
+    pub minimum: u32,
+}
+
+/// Decode a SOA record RDATA.
+pub fn decode_soa(rdata: &[u8], packet: &[u8], rdata_offset: usize) -> Result<SoaData, String> {
+    let (mname, consumed1) = decode_name(packet, rdata_offset).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+    let (rname, consumed2) = decode_name(packet, rdata_offset + consumed1).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+    let nums_offset = consumed1 + consumed2;
+    if rdata.len() < nums_offset + 20 {
+        return Err("SOA rdata too short for numeric fields".into());
+    }
+    let serial = u32::from_be_bytes([
+        rdata[nums_offset], rdata[nums_offset + 1],
+        rdata[nums_offset + 2], rdata[nums_offset + 3],
+    ]);
+    let refresh = u32::from_be_bytes([
+        rdata[nums_offset + 4], rdata[nums_offset + 5],
+        rdata[nums_offset + 6], rdata[nums_offset + 7],
+    ]);
+    let retry = u32::from_be_bytes([
+        rdata[nums_offset + 8], rdata[nums_offset + 9],
+        rdata[nums_offset + 10], rdata[nums_offset + 11],
+    ]);
+    let expire = u32::from_be_bytes([
+        rdata[nums_offset + 12], rdata[nums_offset + 13],
+        rdata[nums_offset + 14], rdata[nums_offset + 15],
+    ]);
+    let minimum = u32::from_be_bytes([
+        rdata[nums_offset + 16], rdata[nums_offset + 17],
+        rdata[nums_offset + 18], rdata[nums_offset + 19],
+    ]);
+    Ok(SoaData { mname, rname, serial, refresh, retry, expire, minimum })
+}
+
+/// SRV record decoded fields.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct SrvData {
+    pub priority: u16,
+    pub weight: u16,
+    pub port: u16,
+    pub target: String,
+}
+
+/// Decode a SRV record RDATA.
+pub fn decode_srv(rdata: &[u8], packet: &[u8], rdata_offset: usize) -> Result<SrvData, String> {
+    if rdata.len() < 7 {
+        return Err("SRV rdata too short".into());
+    }
+    let priority = u16::from_be_bytes([rdata[0], rdata[1]]);
+    let weight = u16::from_be_bytes([rdata[2], rdata[3]]);
+    let port = u16::from_be_bytes([rdata[4], rdata[5]]);
+    let (target, _) = decode_name(packet, rdata_offset + 6).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+    Ok(SrvData { priority, weight, port, target })
+}
+
+/// Build a DnsRecord from high-level data.
+pub fn build_record(name: &str, rtype: QType, ttl: u32, rdata: Vec<u8>) -> DnsRecord {
+    DnsRecord {
+        name: name.to_string(),
+        rtype,
+        rclass: QClass::IN,
+        ttl,
+        rdata,
+        opt_flags: None,
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_encode_roundtrip() {
+        // Build a simple query
+        let mut query = DnsPacket::new_query(0x1234);
+        query.flags = FLAG_RD;
+        query.questions.push(DnsQuestion {
+            name: "example.com".to_string(),
+            qtype: QType::A,
+            qclass: QClass::IN,
+        });
+
+        let encoded = query.encode();
+        let parsed = DnsPacket::parse(&encoded).unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(parsed.id, 0x1234);
+        assert_eq!(parsed.questions.len(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(parsed.questions[0].name, "example.com");
+        assert_eq!(parsed.questions[0].qtype, QType::A);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_response_with_answer() {
+        let mut query = DnsPacket::new_query(0x5678);
+        query.flags = FLAG_RD;
+        query.questions.push(DnsQuestion {
+            name: "test.example.com".to_string(),
+            qtype: QType::A,
+            qclass: QClass::IN,
+        });
+
+        let mut response = DnsPacket::new_response(&query);
+        response.answers.push(build_record(
+            "test.example.com",
+            QType::A,
+            300,
+            encode_a("127.0.0.1"),
+        ));
+
+        let encoded = response.encode();
+        let parsed = DnsPacket::parse(&encoded).unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(parsed.id, 0x5678);
+        assert!(parsed.flags & FLAG_QR != 0); // Is a response
+        assert!(parsed.flags & FLAG_AA != 0); // Authoritative
+        assert_eq!(parsed.answers.len(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(parsed.answers[0].rdata, vec![127, 0, 0, 1]);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_encode_aaaa() {
+        let data = encode_aaaa("::1");
+        assert_eq!(data.len(), 16);
+        assert_eq!(data[15], 1);
+        assert!(data[..15].iter().all(|&b| b == 0));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_encode_txt() {
+        let data = encode_txt(&["hello".to_string(), "world".to_string()]);
+        assert_eq!(data[0], 5); // length of "hello"
+        assert_eq!(&data[1..6], b"hello");
+        assert_eq!(data[6], 5); // length of "world"
+        assert_eq!(&data[7..12], b"world");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_decode_a() {
+        let rdata = encode_a("192.168.1.1");
+        let decoded = decode_a(&rdata).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(decoded, "192.168.1.1");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_decode_aaaa() {
+        let rdata = encode_aaaa("::1");
+        let decoded = decode_aaaa(&rdata).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(decoded, "::1");
+
+        let rdata2 = encode_aaaa("2001:db8::1");
+        let decoded2 = decode_aaaa(&rdata2).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(decoded2, "2001:db8::1");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_decode_txt() {
+        let strings = vec!["hello".to_string(), "world".to_string()];
+        let rdata = encode_txt(&strings);
+        let decoded = decode_txt(&rdata).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(decoded, strings);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_rcode_and_ad_flag() {
+        let mut pkt = DnsPacket::new_query(1);
+        assert_eq!(pkt.rcode(), 0);
+        assert!(!pkt.has_ad_flag());
+
+        pkt.flags |= crate::types::FLAG_AD;
+        assert!(pkt.has_ad_flag());
+
+        pkt.flags |= 0x0003; // NXDOMAIN
+        assert_eq!(pkt.rcode(), 3);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_dnssec_do_bit() {
+        let mut query = DnsPacket::new_query(1);
+        query.questions.push(DnsQuestion {
+            name: "example.com".to_string(),
+            qtype: QType::A,
+            qclass: QClass::IN,
+        });
+
+        // No OPT record = no DNSSEC
+        assert!(!query.is_dnssec_requested());
+
+        // Add OPT with DO bit
+        query.additionals.push(DnsRecord {
+            name: ".".to_string(),
+            rtype: QType::OPT,
+            rclass: QClass::from_u16(4096), // UDP payload size
+            ttl: 0,
+            rdata: vec![],
+            opt_flags: Some(EDNS_DO_BIT),
+        });
+        assert!(query.is_dnssec_requested());
+    }
+}
--- a/rust/crates/rustdns-protocol/src/types.rs
+++ b/rust/crates/rustdns-protocol/src/types.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+/// DNS record types
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+#[repr(u16)]
+pub enum QType {
+    A = 1,
+    NS = 2,
+    CNAME = 5,
+    SOA = 6,
+    PTR = 12,
+    MX = 15,
+    TXT = 16,
+    AAAA = 28,
+    SRV = 33,
+    OPT = 41,
+    RRSIG = 46,
+    DNSKEY = 48,
+    Unknown(u16),
+}
+
+impl QType {
+    pub fn from_u16(val: u16) -> Self {
+        match val {
+            1 => QType::A,
+            2 => QType::NS,
+            5 => QType::CNAME,
+            6 => QType::SOA,
+            12 => QType::PTR,
+            15 => QType::MX,
+            16 => QType::TXT,
+            28 => QType::AAAA,
+            33 => QType::SRV,
+            41 => QType::OPT,
+            46 => QType::RRSIG,
+            48 => QType::DNSKEY,
+            v => QType::Unknown(v),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn to_u16(self) -> u16 {
+        match self {
+            QType::A => 1,
+            QType::NS => 2,
+            QType::CNAME => 5,
+            QType::SOA => 6,
+            QType::PTR => 12,
+            QType::MX => 15,
+            QType::TXT => 16,
+            QType::AAAA => 28,
+            QType::SRV => 33,
+            QType::OPT => 41,
+            QType::RRSIG => 46,
+            QType::DNSKEY => 48,
+            QType::Unknown(v) => v,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn from_str(s: &str) -> Self {
+        match s.to_uppercase().as_str() {
+            "A" => QType::A,
+            "NS" => QType::NS,
+            "CNAME" => QType::CNAME,
+            "SOA" => QType::SOA,
+            "PTR" => QType::PTR,
+            "MX" => QType::MX,
+            "TXT" => QType::TXT,
+            "AAAA" => QType::AAAA,
+            "SRV" => QType::SRV,
+            "OPT" => QType::OPT,
+            "RRSIG" => QType::RRSIG,
+            "DNSKEY" => QType::DNSKEY,
+            _ => QType::Unknown(0),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn as_str(&self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            QType::A => "A",
+            QType::NS => "NS",
+            QType::CNAME => "CNAME",
+            QType::SOA => "SOA",
+            QType::PTR => "PTR",
+            QType::MX => "MX",
+            QType::TXT => "TXT",
+            QType::AAAA => "AAAA",
+            QType::SRV => "SRV",
+            QType::OPT => "OPT",
+            QType::RRSIG => "RRSIG",
+            QType::DNSKEY => "DNSKEY",
+            QType::Unknown(_) => "UNKNOWN",
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// DNS record classes
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[repr(u16)]
+pub enum QClass {
+    IN = 1,
+    CH = 3,
+    HS = 4,
+    Unknown(u16),
+}
+
+impl QClass {
+    pub fn from_u16(val: u16) -> Self {
+        match val {
+            1 => QClass::IN,
+            3 => QClass::CH,
+            4 => QClass::HS,
+            v => QClass::Unknown(v),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn to_u16(self) -> u16 {
+        match self {
+            QClass::IN => 1,
+            QClass::CH => 3,
+            QClass::HS => 4,
+            QClass::Unknown(v) => v,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// DNS header flags
+pub const FLAG_QR: u16 = 0x8000;
+pub const FLAG_AA: u16 = 0x0400;
+pub const FLAG_RD: u16 = 0x0100;
+pub const FLAG_RA: u16 = 0x0080;
+
+/// Authenticated Data flag
+pub const FLAG_AD: u16 = 0x0020;
+
+/// OPT record DO bit (DNSSEC OK)
+pub const EDNS_DO_BIT: u16 = 0x8000;
--- a/rust/crates/rustdns-server/Cargo.toml
+++ b/rust/crates/rustdns-server/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+[package]
+name = "rustdns-server"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2021"
+
+[dependencies]
+rustdns-protocol = { path = "../rustdns-protocol" }
+rustdns-dnssec = { path = "../rustdns-dnssec" }
+tokio = { version = "1", features = ["full"] }
+hyper = { version = "1", features = ["http1", "server"] }
+hyper-util = { version = "0.1", features = ["tokio"] }
+http-body-util = "0.1"
+rustls = { version = "0.23", features = ["ring"] }
+tokio-rustls = "0.26"
+rustls-pemfile = "2"
+tracing = "0.1"
+bytes = "1"
--- a/rust/crates/rustdns-server/src/https.rs
+++ b/rust/crates/rustdns-server/src/https.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+use hyper::body::Incoming;
+use hyper::{Request, Response, StatusCode};
+use hyper::service::service_fn;
+use hyper_util::rt::TokioIo;
+use http_body_util::{BodyExt, Full};
+use rustdns_protocol::packet::DnsPacket;
+use rustls::ServerConfig;
+use std::net::SocketAddr;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use tokio::net::TcpListener;
+use tokio_rustls::TlsAcceptor;
+use tracing::{error, info};
+
+/// Configuration for the HTTPS DoH server.
+pub struct HttpsServerConfig {
+    pub bind_addr: SocketAddr,
+    pub tls_config: Arc<ServerConfig>,
+}
+
+/// An HTTPS DNS-over-HTTPS server.
+pub struct HttpsServer {
+    shutdown: tokio::sync::watch::Sender<bool>,
+    local_addr: SocketAddr,
+}
+
+impl HttpsServer {
+    /// Start the HTTPS DoH server.
+    pub async fn start<F, Fut>(
+        config: HttpsServerConfig,
+        resolver: F,
+    ) -> Result<Self, Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>>
+    where
+        F: Fn(DnsPacket) -> Fut + Send + Sync + 'static,
+        Fut: std::future::Future<Output = DnsPacket> + Send + 'static,
+    {
+        let listener = TcpListener::bind(config.bind_addr).await?;
+        let local_addr = listener.local_addr()?;
+        let (shutdown_tx, shutdown_rx) = tokio::sync::watch::channel(false);
+
+        let tls_acceptor = TlsAcceptor::from(config.tls_config);
+        let resolver = Arc::new(resolver);
+
+        info!("HTTPS DoH server listening on {}", local_addr);
+
+        tokio::spawn(async move {
+            let mut shutdown_rx = shutdown_rx;
+
+            loop {
+                tokio::select! {
+                    result = listener.accept() => {
+                        match result {
+                            Ok((stream, _peer_addr)) => {
+                                let acceptor = tls_acceptor.clone();
+                                let resolver = resolver.clone();
+
+                                tokio::spawn(async move {
+                                    match acceptor.accept(stream).await {
+                                        Ok(tls_stream) => {
+                                            let io = TokioIo::new(tls_stream);
+                                            let resolver = resolver.clone();
+
+                                            let service = service_fn(move |req: Request<Incoming>| {
+                                                let resolver = resolver.clone();
+                                                async move {
+                                                    handle_doh_request(req, resolver).await
+                                                }
+                                            });
+
+                                            if let Err(e) = hyper::server::conn::http1::Builder::new()
+                                                .serve_connection(io, service)
+                                                .await
+                                            {
+                                                error!("HTTPS connection error: {}", e);
+                                            }
+                                        }
+                                        Err(e) => {
+                                            error!("TLS accept error: {}", e);
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                });
+                            }
+                            Err(e) => {
+                                error!("TCP accept error: {}", e);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    _ = shutdown_rx.changed() => {
+                        if *shutdown_rx.borrow() {
+                            info!("HTTPS DoH server shutting down");
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        });
+
+        Ok(HttpsServer {
+            shutdown: shutdown_tx,
+            local_addr,
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Stop the HTTPS server.
+    pub fn stop(&self) {
+        let _ = self.shutdown.send(true);
+    }
+
+    /// Get the bound local address.
+    pub fn local_addr(&self) -> SocketAddr {
+        self.local_addr
+    }
+}
+
+async fn handle_doh_request<F, Fut>(
+    req: Request<Incoming>,
+    resolver: Arc<F>,
+) -> Result<Response<Full<bytes::Bytes>>, hyper::Error>
+where
+    F: Fn(DnsPacket) -> Fut + Send + Sync,
+    Fut: std::future::Future<Output = DnsPacket> + Send,
+{
+    if req.method() == hyper::Method::POST && req.uri().path() == "/dns-query" {
+        let body = req.collect().await?.to_bytes();
+
+        match DnsPacket::parse(&body) {
+            Ok(request) => {
+                let response = resolver(request).await;
+                let encoded = response.encode();
+
+                Ok(Response::builder()
+                    .status(StatusCode::OK)
+                    .header("Content-Type", "application/dns-message")
+                    .body(Full::new(bytes::Bytes::from(encoded)))
+                    .unwrap())
+            }
+            Err(e) => {
+                error!("Failed to parse DoH request: {}", e);
+                Ok(Response::builder()
+                    .status(StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST)
+                    .body(Full::new(bytes::Bytes::from(format!("Invalid DNS message: {}", e))))
+                    .unwrap())
+            }
+        }
+    } else {
+        Ok(Response::builder()
+            .status(StatusCode::NOT_FOUND)
+            .body(Full::new(bytes::Bytes::new()))
+            .unwrap())
+    }
+}
+
+/// Create a rustls ServerConfig from PEM-encoded certificate and key.
+pub fn create_tls_config(cert_pem: &str, key_pem: &str) -> Result<Arc<ServerConfig>, Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>> {
+    let certs = rustls_pemfile::certs(&mut cert_pem.as_bytes())
+        .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;
+    let key = rustls_pemfile::private_key(&mut key_pem.as_bytes())?
+        .ok_or("no private key found in PEM data")?;
+
+    let config = ServerConfig::builder()
+        .with_no_client_auth()
+        .with_single_cert(certs, key)?;
+
+    Ok(Arc::new(config))
+}
--- a/rust/crates/rustdns-server/src/lib.rs
+++ b/rust/crates/rustdns-server/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+pub mod udp;
+pub mod https;
+
+use rustdns_protocol::packet::DnsPacket;
+use std::future::Future;
+use std::pin::Pin;
+
+/// Trait for DNS query resolution.
+/// The resolver receives a parsed DNS packet and returns a response packet.
+pub type DnsResolverFn = Box<
+    dyn Fn(DnsPacket) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = DnsPacket> + Send>> + Send + Sync,
+>;
--- a/rust/crates/rustdns-server/src/udp.rs
+++ b/rust/crates/rustdns-server/src/udp.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+use rustdns_protocol::packet::DnsPacket;
+use std::net::SocketAddr;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use tokio::net::UdpSocket;
+use tracing::{error, info};
+
+/// Configuration for the UDP DNS server.
+pub struct UdpServerConfig {
+    pub bind_addr: SocketAddr,
+}
+
+/// A UDP DNS server that delegates resolution to a callback.
+pub struct UdpServer {
+    socket: Arc<UdpSocket>,
+    shutdown: tokio::sync::watch::Sender<bool>,
+}
+
+impl UdpServer {
+    /// Bind and start the UDP server. The resolver function is called for each query.
+    pub async fn start<F, Fut>(
+        config: UdpServerConfig,
+        resolver: F,
+    ) -> Result<Self, Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>>
+    where
+        F: Fn(DnsPacket) -> Fut + Send + Sync + 'static,
+        Fut: std::future::Future<Output = DnsPacket> + Send + 'static,
+    {
+        let socket = UdpSocket::bind(config.bind_addr).await?;
+        let socket = Arc::new(socket);
+        let (shutdown_tx, shutdown_rx) = tokio::sync::watch::channel(false);
+
+        info!("UDP DNS server listening on {}", config.bind_addr);
+
+        let recv_socket = socket.clone();
+        let resolver = Arc::new(resolver);
+
+        tokio::spawn(async move {
+            let mut buf = vec![0u8; 4096];
+            let mut shutdown_rx = shutdown_rx;
+
+            loop {
+                tokio::select! {
+                    result = recv_socket.recv_from(&mut buf) => {
+                        match result {
+                            Ok((len, src)) => {
+                                let data = buf[..len].to_vec();
+                                let sock = recv_socket.clone();
+                                let resolver = resolver.clone();
+
+                                tokio::spawn(async move {
+                                    match DnsPacket::parse(&data) {
+                                        Ok(request) => {
+                                            let response = resolver(request).await;
+                                            let encoded = response.encode();
+                                            if let Err(e) = sock.send_to(&encoded, src).await {
+                                                error!("Failed to send UDP response: {}", e);
+                                            }
+                                        }
+                                        Err(e) => {
+                                            error!("Failed to parse DNS packet from {}: {}", src, e);
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                });
+                            }
+                            Err(e) => {
+                                error!("UDP recv error: {}", e);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    _ = shutdown_rx.changed() => {
+                        if *shutdown_rx.borrow() {
+                            info!("UDP DNS server shutting down");
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        });
+
+        Ok(UdpServer {
+            socket,
+            shutdown: shutdown_tx,
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Stop the UDP server.
+    pub fn stop(&self) {
+        let _ = self.shutdown.send(true);
+    }
+
+    /// Get the bound local address.
+    pub fn local_addr(&self) -> std::io::Result<SocketAddr> {
+        self.socket.local_addr()
+    }
+}
--- a/rust/crates/rustdns/Cargo.toml
+++ b/rust/crates/rustdns/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+[package]
+name = "rustdns"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2021"
+
+[[bin]]
+name = "rustdns"
+path = "src/main.rs"
+
+[lib]
+name = "rustdns"
+path = "src/lib.rs"
+
+[dependencies]
+rustdns-protocol = { path = "../rustdns-protocol" }
+rustdns-dnssec = { path = "../rustdns-dnssec" }
+rustdns-server = { path = "../rustdns-server" }
+tokio = { version = "1", features = ["full"] }
+serde = { version = "1", features = ["derive"] }
+serde_json = "1"
+clap = { version = "4", features = ["derive"] }
+tracing = "0.1"
+tracing-subscriber = "0.3"
+dashmap = "6"
+base64 = "0.22"
+rustls = { version = "0.23", features = ["ring"] }
--- a/rust/crates/rustdns/src/ipc_types.rs
+++ b/rust/crates/rustdns/src/ipc_types.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+/// IPC request from TypeScript to Rust (via stdin).
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
+pub struct IpcRequest {
+    pub id: String,
+    pub method: String,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub params: serde_json::Value,
+}
+
+/// IPC response from Rust to TypeScript (via stdout).
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+pub struct IpcResponse {
+    pub id: String,
+    pub success: bool,
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub result: Option<serde_json::Value>,
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub error: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl IpcResponse {
+    pub fn ok(id: String, result: serde_json::Value) -> Self {
+        IpcResponse {
+            id,
+            success: true,
+            result: Some(result),
+            error: None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn err(id: String, error: String) -> Self {
+        IpcResponse {
+            id,
+            success: false,
+            result: None,
+            error: Some(error),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// IPC event from Rust to TypeScript (unsolicited, no id).
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+pub struct IpcEvent {
+    pub event: String,
+    pub data: serde_json::Value,
+}
+
+/// Configuration sent via the "start" command.
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct RustDnsConfig {
+    pub udp_port: u16,
+    pub https_port: u16,
+    #[serde(default = "default_bind")]
+    pub udp_bind_interface: String,
+    #[serde(default = "default_bind")]
+    pub https_bind_interface: String,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub https_key: String,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub https_cert: String,
+    pub dnssec_zone: String,
+    #[serde(default = "default_algorithm")]
+    pub dnssec_algorithm: String,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub primary_nameserver: String,
+    #[serde(default = "default_true")]
+    pub enable_localhost_handling: bool,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub manual_udp_mode: bool,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub manual_https_mode: bool,
+}
+
+fn default_bind() -> String {
+    "0.0.0.0".to_string()
+}
+
+fn default_algorithm() -> String {
+    "ECDSA".to_string()
+}
+
+fn default_true() -> bool {
+    true
+}
+
+/// A DNS question as sent over IPC.
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone)]
+pub struct IpcDnsQuestion {
+    pub name: String,
+    #[serde(rename = "type")]
+    pub qtype: String,
+    pub class: String,
+}
+
+/// A DNS answer as received from TypeScript over IPC.
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone)]
+pub struct IpcDnsAnswer {
+    pub name: String,
+    #[serde(rename = "type")]
+    pub rtype: String,
+    pub class: String,
+    pub ttl: u32,
+    pub data: serde_json::Value,
+}
+
+/// The dnsQuery event sent from Rust to TypeScript.
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct DnsQueryEvent {
+    pub correlation_id: String,
+    pub questions: Vec<IpcDnsQuestion>,
+    pub dnssec_requested: bool,
+}
+
+/// The dnsQueryResult command from TypeScript to Rust.
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct DnsQueryResult {
+    pub correlation_id: String,
+    pub answers: Vec<IpcDnsAnswer>,
+    pub answered: bool,
+}
--- a/rust/crates/rustdns/src/lib.rs
+++ b/rust/crates/rustdns/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+pub mod management;
+pub mod ipc_types;
+pub mod resolver;
--- a/rust/crates/rustdns/src/main.rs
+++ b/rust/crates/rustdns/src/main.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+use clap::Parser;
+use tracing_subscriber;
+
+mod management;
+mod ipc_types;
+mod resolver;
+
+#[derive(Parser, Debug)]
+#[command(name = "rustdns", about = "Rust DNS server with IPC management")]
+struct Cli {
+    /// Run in management mode (IPC via stdin/stdout)
+    #[arg(long)]
+    management: bool,
+}
+
+#[tokio::main]
+async fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    // Install the default rustls crypto provider (ring) before any TLS operations
+    let _ = rustls::crypto::ring::default_provider().install_default();
+
+    let cli = Cli::parse();
+
+    // Tracing writes to stderr so stdout is reserved for IPC
+    tracing_subscriber::fmt()
+        .with_writer(std::io::stderr)
+        .init();
+
+    if cli.management {
+        management::management_loop().await?;
+    } else {
+        eprintln!("rustdns: use --management flag for IPC mode");
+        std::process::exit(1);
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
--- a/rust/crates/rustdns/src/management.rs
+++ b/rust/crates/rustdns/src/management.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,402 @@
+use crate::ipc_types::*;
+use crate::resolver::DnsResolver;
+use dashmap::DashMap;
+use rustdns_dnssec::keys::DnssecAlgorithm;
+use rustdns_protocol::packet::DnsPacket;
+use rustdns_server::https::{self, HttpsServer};
+use rustdns_server::udp::{UdpServer, UdpServerConfig};
+use std::io::{self, BufRead, Write};
+use std::net::SocketAddr;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use tokio::sync::{mpsc, oneshot};
+use tracing::{error, info};
+
+/// Pending DNS query callbacks waiting for TypeScript response.
+type PendingCallbacks = Arc<DashMap<String, oneshot::Sender<DnsQueryResult>>>;
+
+/// Active server state.
+struct ServerState {
+    udp_server: Option<UdpServer>,
+    https_server: Option<HttpsServer>,
+    resolver: Arc<DnsResolver>,
+}
+
+/// Emit a JSON event on stdout.
+fn send_event(event: &str, data: serde_json::Value) {
+    let evt = IpcEvent {
+        event: event.to_string(),
+        data,
+    };
+    let json = serde_json::to_string(&evt).unwrap();
+    let stdout = io::stdout();
+    let mut lock = stdout.lock();
+    let _ = writeln!(lock, "{}", json);
+    let _ = lock.flush();
+}
+
+/// Send a JSON response on stdout.
+fn send_response(response: &IpcResponse) {
+    let json = serde_json::to_string(response).unwrap();
+    let stdout = io::stdout();
+    let mut lock = stdout.lock();
+    let _ = writeln!(lock, "{}", json);
+    let _ = lock.flush();
+}
+
+/// Main management loop — reads JSON lines from stdin, dispatches commands.
+pub async fn management_loop() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    // Emit ready event
+    send_event("ready", serde_json::json!({
+        "version": env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION")
+    }));
+
+    let pending: PendingCallbacks = Arc::new(DashMap::new());
+    let mut server_state: Option<ServerState> = None;
+
+    // Channel for stdin commands (read in blocking thread)
+    let (cmd_tx, mut cmd_rx) = mpsc::channel::<String>(256);
+
+    // Channel for DNS query events from the server
+    let (query_tx, mut query_rx) = mpsc::channel::<(String, DnsPacket)>(256);
+
+    // Spawn blocking stdin reader
+    std::thread::spawn(move || {
+        let stdin = io::stdin();
+        let reader = stdin.lock();
+        for line in reader.lines() {
+            match line {
+                Ok(l) => {
+                    if cmd_tx.blocking_send(l).is_err() {
+                        break; // channel closed
+                    }
+                }
+                Err(_) => break, // stdin closed
+            }
+        }
+    });
+
+    loop {
+        tokio::select! {
+            cmd = cmd_rx.recv() => {
+                match cmd {
+                    Some(line) => {
+                        let request: IpcRequest = match serde_json::from_str(&line) {
+                            Ok(r) => r,
+                            Err(e) => {
+                                error!("Failed to parse IPC request: {}", e);
+                                continue;
+                            }
+                        };
+
+                        let response = handle_request(
+                            &request,
+                            &mut server_state,
+                            &pending,
+                            &query_tx,
+                        ).await;
+                        send_response(&response);
+                    }
+                    None => {
+                        // stdin closed — parent process exited
+                        info!("stdin closed, shutting down");
+                        if let Some(ref state) = server_state {
+                            if let Some(ref udp) = state.udp_server {
+                                udp.stop();
+                            }
+                            if let Some(ref https) = state.https_server {
+                                https.stop();
+                            }
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            query = query_rx.recv() => {
+                if let Some((correlation_id, packet)) = query {
+                    let dnssec = packet.is_dnssec_requested();
+                    let questions = DnsResolver::questions_to_ipc(&packet.questions);
+
+                    send_event("dnsQuery", serde_json::to_value(&DnsQueryEvent {
+                        correlation_id,
+                        questions,
+                        dnssec_requested: dnssec,
+                    }).unwrap());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+async fn handle_request(
+    request: &IpcRequest,
+    server_state: &mut Option<ServerState>,
+    pending: &PendingCallbacks,
+    query_tx: &mpsc::Sender<(String, DnsPacket)>,
+) -> IpcResponse {
+    let id = request.id.clone();
+
+    match request.method.as_str() {
+        "ping" => IpcResponse::ok(id, serde_json::json!({ "pong": true })),
+
+        "start" => {
+            handle_start(id, &request.params, server_state, pending, query_tx).await
+        }
+
+        "stop" => {
+            handle_stop(id, server_state)
+        }
+
+        "dnsQueryResult" => {
+            handle_query_result(id, &request.params, pending)
+        }
+
+        "updateCerts" => {
+            // TODO: hot-swap TLS certs (requires rustls cert resolver)
+            IpcResponse::ok(id, serde_json::json!({}))
+        }
+
+        "processPacket" => {
+            handle_process_packet(id, &request.params, server_state, pending, query_tx).await
+        }
+
+        _ => IpcResponse::err(id, format!("Unknown method: {}", request.method)),
+    }
+}
+
+async fn handle_start(
+    id: String,
+    params: &serde_json::Value,
+    server_state: &mut Option<ServerState>,
+    pending: &PendingCallbacks,
+    query_tx: &mpsc::Sender<(String, DnsPacket)>,
+) -> IpcResponse {
+    let config: RustDnsConfig = match serde_json::from_value(params.get("config").cloned().unwrap_or_default()) {
+        Ok(c) => c,
+        Err(e) => return IpcResponse::err(id, format!("Invalid config: {}", e)),
+    };
+
+    let algorithm = DnssecAlgorithm::from_str(&config.dnssec_algorithm)
+        .unwrap_or(DnssecAlgorithm::EcdsaP256Sha256);
+
+    let resolver = Arc::new(DnsResolver::new(
+        &config.dnssec_zone,
+        algorithm,
+        &config.primary_nameserver,
+        config.enable_localhost_handling,
+    ));
+
+    // Start UDP server if not manual mode
+    let udp_server = if !config.manual_udp_mode {
+        let addr: SocketAddr = format!("{}:{}", config.udp_bind_interface, config.udp_port)
+            .parse()
+            .unwrap_or_else(|_| SocketAddr::from(([0, 0, 0, 0], config.udp_port)));
+
+        let resolver_clone = resolver.clone();
+        let pending_clone = pending.clone();
+        let query_tx_clone = query_tx.clone();
+
+        match UdpServer::start(
+            UdpServerConfig { bind_addr: addr },
+            move |packet| {
+                let resolver = resolver_clone.clone();
+                let pending = pending_clone.clone();
+                let query_tx = query_tx_clone.clone();
+                async move {
+                    resolve_with_callback(packet, &resolver, &pending, &query_tx).await
+                }
+            },
+        ).await {
+            Ok(server) => {
+                info!("UDP DNS server started on {}", addr);
+                Some(server)
+            }
+            Err(e) => {
+                return IpcResponse::err(id, format!("Failed to start UDP server: {}", e));
+            }
+        }
+    } else {
+        None
+    };
+
+    // Start HTTPS server if not manual mode and certs are provided
+    let https_server = if !config.manual_https_mode && !config.https_cert.is_empty() && !config.https_key.is_empty() {
+        let addr: SocketAddr = format!("{}:{}", config.https_bind_interface, config.https_port)
+            .parse()
+            .unwrap_or_else(|_| SocketAddr::from(([0, 0, 0, 0], config.https_port)));
+
+        match https::create_tls_config(&config.https_cert, &config.https_key) {
+            Ok(tls_config) => {
+                let resolver_clone = resolver.clone();
+                let pending_clone = pending.clone();
+                let query_tx_clone = query_tx.clone();
+
+                match HttpsServer::start(
+                    https::HttpsServerConfig {
+                        bind_addr: addr,
+                        tls_config,
+                    },
+                    move |packet| {
+                        let resolver = resolver_clone.clone();
+                        let pending = pending_clone.clone();
+                        let query_tx = query_tx_clone.clone();
+                        async move {
+                            resolve_with_callback(packet, &resolver, &pending, &query_tx).await
+                        }
+                    },
+                ).await {
+                    Ok(server) => {
+                        info!("HTTPS DoH server started on {}", addr);
+                        Some(server)
+                    }
+                    Err(e) => {
+                        return IpcResponse::err(id, format!("Failed to start HTTPS server: {}", e));
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            Err(e) => {
+                return IpcResponse::err(id, format!("Failed to configure TLS: {}", e));
+            }
+        }
+    } else {
+        None
+    };
+
+    *server_state = Some(ServerState {
+        udp_server,
+        https_server,
+        resolver,
+    });
+
+    send_event("started", serde_json::json!({}));
+    IpcResponse::ok(id, serde_json::json!({}))
+}
+
+fn handle_stop(id: String, server_state: &mut Option<ServerState>) -> IpcResponse {
+    if let Some(ref state) = server_state {
+        if let Some(ref udp) = state.udp_server {
+            udp.stop();
+        }
+        if let Some(ref https) = state.https_server {
+            https.stop();
+        }
+    }
+    *server_state = None;
+    send_event("stopped", serde_json::json!({}));
+    IpcResponse::ok(id, serde_json::json!({}))
+}
+
+fn handle_query_result(
+    id: String,
+    params: &serde_json::Value,
+    pending: &PendingCallbacks,
+) -> IpcResponse {
+    let result: DnsQueryResult = match serde_json::from_value(params.clone()) {
+        Ok(r) => r,
+        Err(e) => return IpcResponse::err(id, format!("Invalid query result: {}", e)),
+    };
+
+    let correlation_id = result.correlation_id.clone();
+    if let Some((_, sender)) = pending.remove(&correlation_id) {
+        let _ = sender.send(result);
+        IpcResponse::ok(id, serde_json::json!({ "resolved": true }))
+    } else {
+        IpcResponse::err(id, format!("No pending query for correlationId: {}", correlation_id))
+    }
+}
+
+async fn handle_process_packet(
+    id: String,
+    params: &serde_json::Value,
+    server_state: &mut Option<ServerState>,
+    pending: &PendingCallbacks,
+    query_tx: &mpsc::Sender<(String, DnsPacket)>,
+) -> IpcResponse {
+    let packet_b64 = match params.get("packet").and_then(|v| v.as_str()) {
+        Some(p) => p,
+        None => return IpcResponse::err(id, "Missing packet parameter".to_string()),
+    };
+
+    let packet_data = match base64_decode(packet_b64) {
+        Ok(d) => d,
+        Err(e) => return IpcResponse::err(id, format!("Invalid base64: {}", e)),
+    };
+
+    let state = match server_state {
+        Some(ref s) => s,
+        None => return IpcResponse::err(id, "Server not started".to_string()),
+    };
+
+    let request = match DnsPacket::parse(&packet_data) {
+        Ok(p) => p,
+        Err(e) => return IpcResponse::err(id, format!("Failed to parse packet: {}", e)),
+    };
+
+    let response = resolve_with_callback(request, &state.resolver, pending, query_tx).await;
+    let encoded = response.encode();
+
+    use base64::Engine;
+    let response_b64 = base64::engine::general_purpose::STANDARD.encode(&encoded);
+    IpcResponse::ok(id, serde_json::json!({ "packet": response_b64 }))
+}
+
+/// Core resolution: try local first, then IPC callback to TypeScript.
+async fn resolve_with_callback(
+    packet: DnsPacket,
+    resolver: &DnsResolver,
+    pending: &PendingCallbacks,
+    query_tx: &mpsc::Sender<(String, DnsPacket)>,
+) -> DnsPacket {
+    // Try local resolution first (localhost, DNSKEY)
+    if let Some(response) = resolver.try_local_resolution(&packet) {
+        return response;
+    }
+
+    // Need IPC callback to TypeScript
+    let correlation_id = format!("dns_{}", uuid_v4());
+    let (tx, rx) = oneshot::channel();
+
+    pending.insert(correlation_id.clone(), tx);
+
+    // Send the query event to the management loop for emission
+    if query_tx.send((correlation_id.clone(), packet.clone())).await.is_err() {
+        pending.remove(&correlation_id);
+        return DnsPacket::new_response(&packet);
+    }
+
+    // Wait for the result with a timeout
+    match tokio::time::timeout(std::time::Duration::from_secs(10), rx).await {
+        Ok(Ok(result)) => {
+            resolver.build_response_from_answers(&packet, &result.answers, result.answered)
+        }
+        Ok(Err(_)) => {
+            // Sender dropped
+            pending.remove(&correlation_id);
+            resolver.build_response_from_answers(&packet, &[], false)
+        }
+        Err(_) => {
+            // Timeout
+            pending.remove(&correlation_id);
+            resolver.build_response_from_answers(&packet, &[], false)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Simple UUID v4 generation (no external dep needed).
+fn uuid_v4() -> String {
+    use std::time::{SystemTime, UNIX_EPOCH};
+    let nanos = SystemTime::now()
+        .duration_since(UNIX_EPOCH)
+        .unwrap()
+        .as_nanos();
+    let random: u64 = nanos as u64 ^ (std::process::id() as u64 * 0x517cc1b727220a95);
+    format!("{:016x}{:016x}", nanos as u64, random)
+}
+
+fn base64_decode(input: &str) -> Result<Vec<u8>, String> {
+    use base64::Engine;
+    base64::engine::general_purpose::STANDARD
+        .decode(input)
+        .map_err(|e| e.to_string())
+}
--- a/rust/crates/rustdns/src/resolver.rs
+++ b/rust/crates/rustdns/src/resolver.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,258 @@
+use crate::ipc_types::{IpcDnsAnswer, IpcDnsQuestion};
+use rustdns_protocol::packet::*;
+use rustdns_protocol::types::QType;
+use rustdns_dnssec::keys::{DnssecAlgorithm, DnssecKeyPair};
+use rustdns_dnssec::keytag::compute_key_tag;
+use rustdns_dnssec::signing::generate_rrsig;
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+/// DNS resolver that builds responses from IPC callback answers.
+pub struct DnsResolver {
+    pub zone: String,
+    pub primary_nameserver: String,
+    pub enable_localhost: bool,
+    pub key_pair: DnssecKeyPair,
+    pub dnskey_rdata: Vec<u8>,
+    pub key_tag: u16,
+}
+
+impl DnsResolver {
+    pub fn new(zone: &str, algorithm: DnssecAlgorithm, primary_nameserver: &str, enable_localhost: bool) -> Self {
+        let key_pair = DnssecKeyPair::generate(algorithm);
+        let dnskey_rdata = key_pair.dnskey_rdata();
+        let key_tag = compute_key_tag(&dnskey_rdata);
+
+        let primary_ns = if primary_nameserver.is_empty() {
+            format!("ns1.{}", zone)
+        } else {
+            primary_nameserver.to_string()
+        };
+
+        DnsResolver {
+            zone: zone.to_string(),
+            primary_nameserver: primary_ns,
+            enable_localhost,
+            key_pair,
+            dnskey_rdata,
+            key_tag,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Check if a query can be answered locally (localhost, DNSKEY).
+    /// Returns Some(answers) if handled locally, None if it needs IPC callback.
+    pub fn try_local_resolution(&self, packet: &DnsPacket) -> Option<DnsPacket> {
+        let dnssec = packet.is_dnssec_requested();
+        let mut response = DnsPacket::new_response(packet);
+        let mut all_local = true;
+
+        for q in &packet.questions {
+            if let Some(records) = self.try_local_question(q, dnssec) {
+                for r in records {
+                    response.answers.push(r);
+                }
+            } else {
+                all_local = false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if all_local && !packet.questions.is_empty() {
+            Some(response)
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn try_local_question(&self, q: &DnsQuestion, dnssec: bool) -> Option<Vec<DnsRecord>> {
+        let name_lower = q.name.to_lowercase();
+        let name_trimmed = name_lower.strip_suffix('.').unwrap_or(&name_lower);
+
+        // DNSKEY queries for our zone
+        if dnssec && q.qtype == QType::DNSKEY && name_trimmed == self.zone.to_lowercase() {
+            let record = build_record(&q.name, QType::DNSKEY, 3600, self.dnskey_rdata.clone());
+            let mut records = vec![record.clone()];
+            // Sign the DNSKEY record
+            let rrsig = generate_rrsig(&self.key_pair, &self.zone, &[record], &q.name, QType::DNSKEY);
+            records.push(rrsig);
+            return Some(records);
+        }
+
+        // Localhost handling (RFC 6761)
+        if self.enable_localhost {
+            if name_trimmed == "localhost" {
+                match q.qtype {
+                    QType::A => {
+                        return Some(vec![build_record(&q.name, QType::A, 0, encode_a("127.0.0.1"))]);
+                    }
+                    QType::AAAA => {
+                        return Some(vec![build_record(&q.name, QType::AAAA, 0, encode_aaaa("::1"))]);
+                    }
+                    _ => {}
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Reverse localhost
+            if name_trimmed == "1.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" && q.qtype == QType::PTR {
+                return Some(vec![build_record(&q.name, QType::PTR, 0, encode_name_rdata("localhost."))]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        None
+    }
+
+    /// Build a response from IPC callback answers.
+    pub fn build_response_from_answers(
+        &self,
+        request: &DnsPacket,
+        answers: &[IpcDnsAnswer],
+        answered: bool,
+    ) -> DnsPacket {
+        let dnssec = request.is_dnssec_requested();
+        let mut response = DnsPacket::new_response(request);
+
+        if answered && !answers.is_empty() {
+            // Group answers by (name, type) for DNSSEC RRset signing
+            let mut rrset_map: HashMap<(String, QType), Vec<DnsRecord>> = HashMap::new();
+
+            for answer in answers {
+                let rtype = QType::from_str(&answer.rtype);
+                let rdata = self.encode_answer_rdata(rtype, &answer.data);
+                let record = build_record(&answer.name, rtype, answer.ttl, rdata);
+                response.answers.push(record.clone());
+
+                if dnssec {
+                    let key = (answer.name.clone(), rtype);
+                    rrset_map.entry(key).or_default().push(record);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Sign RRsets
+            if dnssec {
+                for ((name, rtype), rrset) in &rrset_map {
+                    let rrsig = generate_rrsig(&self.key_pair, &self.zone, rrset, name, *rtype);
+                    response.answers.push(rrsig);
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            // No handler matched — return SOA
+            for q in &request.questions {
+                let soa_rdata = encode_soa(
+                    &self.primary_nameserver,
+                    &format!("hostmaster.{}", self.zone),
+                    std::time::SystemTime::now()
+                        .duration_since(std::time::UNIX_EPOCH)
+                        .unwrap()
+                        .as_secs() as u32,
+                    3600,
+                    600,
+                    604800,
+                    86400,
+                );
+                let soa_record = build_record(&q.name, QType::SOA, 3600, soa_rdata);
+                response.answers.push(soa_record.clone());
+
+                if dnssec {
+                    let rrsig = generate_rrsig(&self.key_pair, &self.zone, &[soa_record], &q.name, QType::SOA);
+                    response.answers.push(rrsig);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        response
+    }
+
+    /// Process a raw DNS packet (for manual/passthrough mode).
+    /// Returns local answers or None if IPC callback is needed.
+    pub fn process_packet_local(&self, data: &[u8]) -> Result<Option<Vec<u8>>, String> {
+        let packet = DnsPacket::parse(data)?;
+        if let Some(response) = self.try_local_resolution(&packet) {
+            Ok(Some(response.encode()))
+        } else {
+            Ok(None)
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn encode_answer_rdata(&self, rtype: QType, data: &serde_json::Value) -> Vec<u8> {
+        match rtype {
+            QType::A => {
+                if let Some(ip) = data.as_str() {
+                    encode_a(ip)
+                } else {
+                    vec![]
+                }
+            }
+            QType::AAAA => {
+                if let Some(ip) = data.as_str() {
+                    encode_aaaa(ip)
+                } else {
+                    vec![]
+                }
+            }
+            QType::TXT => {
+                if let Some(arr) = data.as_array() {
+                    let strings: Vec<String> = arr.iter().filter_map(|v| v.as_str().map(|s| s.to_string())).collect();
+                    encode_txt(&strings)
+                } else if let Some(s) = data.as_str() {
+                    encode_txt(&[s.to_string()])
+                } else {
+                    vec![]
+                }
+            }
+            QType::NS | QType::CNAME | QType::PTR => {
+                if let Some(name) = data.as_str() {
+                    encode_name_rdata(name)
+                } else {
+                    vec![]
+                }
+            }
+            QType::MX => {
+                let preference = data.get("preference").and_then(|v| v.as_u64()).unwrap_or(10) as u16;
+                let exchange = data.get("exchange").and_then(|v| v.as_str()).unwrap_or("");
+                encode_mx(preference, exchange)
+            }
+            QType::SRV => {
+                let priority = data.get("priority").and_then(|v| v.as_u64()).unwrap_or(0) as u16;
+                let weight = data.get("weight").and_then(|v| v.as_u64()).unwrap_or(0) as u16;
+                let port = data.get("port").and_then(|v| v.as_u64()).unwrap_or(0) as u16;
+                let target = data.get("target").and_then(|v| v.as_str()).unwrap_or("");
+                encode_srv(priority, weight, port, target)
+            }
+            QType::SOA => {
+                let mname = data.get("mname").and_then(|v| v.as_str()).unwrap_or("");
+                let rname = data.get("rname").and_then(|v| v.as_str()).unwrap_or("");
+                let serial = data.get("serial").and_then(|v| v.as_u64()).unwrap_or(0) as u32;
+                let refresh = data.get("refresh").and_then(|v| v.as_u64()).unwrap_or(3600) as u32;
+                let retry = data.get("retry").and_then(|v| v.as_u64()).unwrap_or(600) as u32;
+                let expire = data.get("expire").and_then(|v| v.as_u64()).unwrap_or(604800) as u32;
+                let minimum = data.get("minimum").and_then(|v| v.as_u64()).unwrap_or(86400) as u32;
+                encode_soa(mname, rname, serial, refresh, retry, expire, minimum)
+            }
+            _ => {
+                // For unknown types, try to interpret as raw base64
+                if let Some(b64) = data.as_str() {
+                    base64_decode(b64).unwrap_or_default()
+                } else {
+                    vec![]
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Convert questions to IPC format.
+    pub fn questions_to_ipc(questions: &[DnsQuestion]) -> Vec<IpcDnsQuestion> {
+        questions
+            .iter()
+            .map(|q| IpcDnsQuestion {
+                name: q.name.clone(),
+                qtype: q.qtype.as_str().to_string(),
+                class: "IN".to_string(),
+            })
+            .collect()
+    }
+}
+
+fn base64_decode(input: &str) -> Result<Vec<u8>, String> {
+    use base64::Engine;
+    base64::engine::general_purpose::STANDARD
+        .decode(input)
+        .map_err(|e| e.to_string())
+}
--- a/test/test.client.ts
+++ b/test/test.client.ts
@@ -4,12 +4,12 @@ import * as smartdns from '../ts_client/index.js';

 let testDnsClient: smartdns.Smartdns;

-tap.test('should create an instance of Dnsly', async () => {
+tap.test('should create an instance of Smartdns', async () => {
  testDnsClient = new smartdns.Smartdns({});
  expect(testDnsClient).toBeInstanceOf(smartdns.Smartdns);
 });

-tap.test('should get an A DNS Record', async () => {
+tap.test('should get an A DNS Record (system)', async () => {
  const records = await testDnsClient.getRecordsA('google.com');
  expect(records).toBeInstanceOf(Array);
  expect(records.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ tap.test('should get an A DNS Record', async () => {
  expect(records[0]).toHaveProperty('dnsSecEnabled');
 });

-tap.test('should get an AAAA Record', async () => {
+tap.test('should get an AAAA Record (system)', async () => {
  const records = await testDnsClient.getRecordsAAAA('google.com');
  expect(records).toBeInstanceOf(Array);
  expect(records.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ tap.test('should get an AAAA Record', async () => {
  expect(records[0]).toHaveProperty('dnsSecEnabled');
 });

-tap.test('should get a txt record', async () => {
+tap.test('should get a txt record (system)', async () => {
  const records = await testDnsClient.getRecordsTxt('google.com');
  expect(records).toBeInstanceOf(Array);
  expect(records.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ tap.test('should get a txt record', async () => {
  expect(records[0]).toHaveProperty('dnsSecEnabled');
 });

-tap.test('should, get a mx record for a domain', async () => {
+tap.test('should get a mx record for a domain (system)', async () => {
  const res = await testDnsClient.getRecords('bleu.de', 'MX');
  console.log(res);
 });
@@ -52,13 +52,13 @@ tap.test('should check until DNS is available', async () => {
  }
 });

-tap.test('should check until DNS is available an return false if it fails', async () => {
+tap.test('should check until DNS is available and return false if it fails', async () => {
  return expect(
    await testDnsClient.checkUntilAvailable('google.com', 'TXT', 'this-txt-record-does-not-exist')
  ).toBeFalse();
 });

-tap.test('should check until DNS is available an return false if it fails', async () => {
+tap.test('should check until DNS is available and return false if it fails', async () => {
  return expect(
    await testDnsClient.checkUntilAvailable('nonexistent.example.com', 'TXT', 'sometext_txt2')
  ).toBeFalse();
@@ -69,10 +69,79 @@ tap.test('should get name server for hostname', async () => {
  console.log(result);
 });

-tap.test('should detect dns sec', async () => {
-  const result = await testDnsClient.getRecordsA('lossless.com');
+tap.test('should detect DNSSEC via DoH (Rust)', async () => {
+  const dohClient = new smartdns.Smartdns({ strategy: 'doh' });
+  const result = await dohClient.getRecordsA('lossless.com');
  console.log(result[0]);
  expect(result[0].dnsSecEnabled).toBeTrue();
+  dohClient.destroy();
+});
+
+// ── New tests for UDP and Rust-based resolution ──────────────────
+
+tap.test('should resolve A record via UDP (Rust)', async () => {
+  const udpClient = new smartdns.Smartdns({ strategy: 'udp' });
+  const records = await udpClient.getRecordsA('google.com');
+  expect(records).toBeInstanceOf(Array);
+  expect(records.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+  expect(records[0]).toHaveProperty('name', 'google.com');
+  expect(records[0]).toHaveProperty('type', 'A');
+  expect(records[0]).toHaveProperty('value');
+  console.log('UDP A record:', records[0]);
+  udpClient.destroy();
+});
+
+tap.test('should resolve AAAA record via UDP (Rust)', async () => {
+  const udpClient = new smartdns.Smartdns({ strategy: 'udp' });
+  const records = await udpClient.getRecordsAAAA('google.com');
+  expect(records).toBeInstanceOf(Array);
+  expect(records.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+  expect(records[0]).toHaveProperty('type', 'AAAA');
+  console.log('UDP AAAA record:', records[0]);
+  udpClient.destroy();
+});
+
+tap.test('should resolve TXT record via DoH (Rust)', async () => {
+  const dohClient = new smartdns.Smartdns({ strategy: 'doh' });
+  const records = await dohClient.getRecordsTxt('google.com');
+  expect(records).toBeInstanceOf(Array);
+  expect(records.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+  expect(records[0]).toHaveProperty('type', 'TXT');
+  expect(records[0]).toHaveProperty('value');
+  console.log('DoH TXT record:', records[0]);
+  dohClient.destroy();
+});
+
+tap.test('should resolve with prefer-udp strategy', async () => {
+  const client = new smartdns.Smartdns({ strategy: 'prefer-udp' });
+  const records = await client.getRecordsA('google.com');
+  expect(records).toBeInstanceOf(Array);
+  expect(records.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+  expect(records[0]).toHaveProperty('type', 'A');
+  console.log('prefer-udp A record:', records[0]);
+  client.destroy();
+});
+
+tap.test('should detect DNSSEC AD flag via UDP (Rust)', async () => {
+  const udpClient = new smartdns.Smartdns({ strategy: 'udp' });
+  const records = await udpClient.getRecordsA('lossless.com');
+  expect(records.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+  // Note: AD flag from upstream depends on upstream resolver behavior
+  // Cloudflare 1.1.1.1 sets AD for DNSSEC-signed domains
+  console.log('UDP DNSSEC:', records[0]);
+  udpClient.destroy();
+});
+
+tap.test('should cleanup via destroy()', async () => {
+  const client = new smartdns.Smartdns({ strategy: 'udp' });
+  // Trigger bridge spawn
+  await client.getRecordsA('google.com');
+  // Destroy should not throw
+  client.destroy();
+});
+
+tap.test('cleanup default client', async () => {
+  testDnsClient.destroy();
 });

 export default tap.start();
--- a/test/test.fixes.simple.ts
+++ b/test/test.fixes.simple.ts
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ tap.test('Default primary nameserver with FQDN', async () => {
  const soaData = (soaAnswers[0] as any).data;
  console.log('✅ FQDN primary nameserver:', soaData.mname);
  
-  expect(soaData.mname).toEqual('ns.example.com.');
+  expect(soaData.mname).toEqual('ns.example.com');
  
  await stopServer(dnsServer);
  dnsServer = null;
--- a/test/test.multiplerecords.ts
+++ b/test/test.multiplerecords.ts
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ async function stopServer(server: smartdns.DnsServer | null | undefined) {
  }
 }

-tap.test('should demonstrate the current limitation with multiple NS records', async () => {
+tap.test('should properly return multiple NS records', async () => {
  const httpsData = await tapNodeTools.createHttpsCert();
  const udpPort = getUniqueUdpPort();
  
@@ -131,15 +131,16 @@ tap.test('should demonstrate the current limitation with multiple NS records', a
  console.log('Current behavior - NS records returned:', dnsResponse.answers.length);
  console.log('NS records:', dnsResponse.answers.map(a => (a as any).data));
  
-  // CURRENT BEHAVIOR: Only returns 1 NS record due to the break statement
-  expect(dnsResponse.answers.length).toEqual(1);
-  expect((dnsResponse.answers[0] as any).data).toEqual('ns1.example.com');
+  // Should return all registered NS records
+  expect(dnsResponse.answers.length).toEqual(2);
+  const nsData = dnsResponse.answers.map(a => (a as any).data).sort();
+  expect(nsData).toEqual(['ns1.example.com', 'ns2.example.com']);
  
  await stopServer(dnsServer);
  dnsServer = null;
 });

-tap.test('should demonstrate the limitation with multiple A records (round-robin)', async () => {
+tap.test('should properly return multiple A records for round-robin DNS', async () => {
  const httpsData = await tapNodeTools.createHttpsCert();
  const udpPort = getUniqueUdpPort();
  
@@ -227,15 +228,16 @@ tap.test('should demonstrate the limitation with multiple A records (round-robin
  console.log('Current behavior - A records returned:', dnsResponse.answers.length);
  console.log('A records:', dnsResponse.answers.map(a => (a as any).data));
  
-  // CURRENT BEHAVIOR: Only returns 1 A record, preventing round-robin DNS
-  expect(dnsResponse.answers.length).toEqual(1);
-  expect((dnsResponse.answers[0] as any).data).toEqual('10.0.0.1');
+  // Should return all registered A records for round-robin DNS
+  expect(dnsResponse.answers.length).toEqual(3);
+  const aData = dnsResponse.answers.map(a => (a as any).data).sort();
+  expect(aData).toEqual(['10.0.0.1', '10.0.0.2', '10.0.0.3']);
  
  await stopServer(dnsServer);
  dnsServer = null;
 });

-tap.test('should demonstrate the limitation with multiple TXT records', async () => {
+tap.test('should properly return multiple TXT records', async () => {
  const httpsData = await tapNodeTools.createHttpsCert();
  const udpPort = getUniqueUdpPort();
  
@@ -323,15 +325,18 @@ tap.test('should demonstrate the limitation with multiple TXT records', async ()
  console.log('Current behavior - TXT records returned:', dnsResponse.answers.length);
  console.log('TXT records:', dnsResponse.answers.map(a => (a as any).data));
  
-  // CURRENT BEHAVIOR: Only returns 1 TXT record instead of all 3
-  expect(dnsResponse.answers.length).toEqual(1);
-  expect((dnsResponse.answers[0] as any).data[0]).toInclude('spf1');
+  // Should return all registered TXT records
+  expect(dnsResponse.answers.length).toEqual(3);
+  const txtData = dnsResponse.answers.map(a => (a as any).data[0]).sort();
+  expect(txtData[0]).toInclude('google-site-verification');
+  expect(txtData[1]).toInclude('DKIM1');
+  expect(txtData[2]).toInclude('spf1');
  
  await stopServer(dnsServer);
  dnsServer = null;
 });

-tap.test('should show the current workaround pattern', async () => {
+tap.test('should rotate between records when using a single handler', async () => {
  const httpsData = await tapNodeTools.createHttpsCert();
  const udpPort = getUniqueUdpPort();
  
@@ -343,11 +348,11 @@ tap.test('should show the current workaround pattern', async () => {
    dnssecZone: 'example.com',
  });
  
-  // WORKAROUND: Create an array to store NS records and return them from a single handler
+  // Pattern: Create an array to store NS records and rotate through them
  const nsRecords = ['ns1.example.com', 'ns2.example.com'];
  let nsIndex = 0;
  
-  // This workaround still doesn't solve the problem because only one handler executes
+  // This pattern rotates between records on successive queries
  dnsServer.registerHandler('example.com', ['NS'], (question) => {
    const record = nsRecords[nsIndex % nsRecords.length];
    nsIndex++;
@@ -406,7 +411,7 @@ tap.test('should show the current workaround pattern', async () => {
  console.log('First query NS:', (response1.answers[0] as any).data);
  console.log('Second query NS:', (response2.answers[0] as any).data);
  
-  // This workaround rotates between records but still only returns one at a time
+  // This pattern rotates between records but returns one at a time per query
  expect(response1.answers.length).toEqual(1);
  expect(response2.answers.length).toEqual(1);
  expect((response1.answers[0] as any).data).toEqual('ns1.example.com');
--- a/test/test.soa.debug.ts
+++ b/test/test.soa.debug.ts
@@ -212,58 +212,150 @@ tap.test('SOA query with DNSSEC should work', async () => {
  try {
    const dnsResponse = await responsePromise;
    console.log('Response received with', dnsResponse.answers.length, 'answers');
-    
+
    const soaAnswers = dnsResponse.answers.filter(a => a.type === 'SOA');
+    const rrsigAnswers = dnsResponse.answers.filter(a => a.type === 'RRSIG');
    console.log('SOA records found:', soaAnswers.length);
-    
-    if (soaAnswers.length > 0) {
-      const soaData = (soaAnswers[0] as any).data;
-      console.log('SOA data:', soaData);
-    }
+    console.log('RRSIG records found:', rrsigAnswers.length);
+
+    // Must have exactly 1 SOA for the zone
+    expect(soaAnswers.length).toEqual(1);
+
+    // Must have at least 1 RRSIG covering the SOA
+    expect(rrsigAnswers.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+
+    // Verify RRSIG covers SOA type
+    const rrsigData = (rrsigAnswers[0] as any).data;
+    expect(rrsigData.typeCovered).toEqual('SOA');
+
+    // Verify SOA data fields are present and valid
+    const soaData = (soaAnswers[0] as any).data;
+    console.log('SOA data:', soaData);
+    expect(soaData.mname).toStartWith('ns'); // nameserver
+    expect(soaData.rname).toInclude('.'); // responsible party email
+    expect(typeof soaData.serial).toEqual('number');
+    expect(soaData.refresh).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    expect(soaData.retry).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    expect(soaData.expire).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    expect(soaData.minimum).toBeGreaterThan(0);
  } catch (error) {
    console.error('SOA query with DNSSEC failed:', error);
    throw error;
  }
-  
+
  await stopServer(dnsServer);
  dnsServer = null;
 });

-tap.test('Test raw SOA serialization', async () => {
+tap.test('SOA serialization produces correct wire format', async () => {
  const httpsData = await tapNodeTools.createHttpsCert();
-  
+  const udpPort = getUniqueUdpPort();
+
  dnsServer = new smartdns.DnsServer({
    httpsKey: httpsData.key,
    httpsCert: httpsData.cert,
    httpsPort: getUniqueHttpsPort(),
-    udpPort: getUniqueUdpPort(),
-    dnssecZone: 'example.com',
+    udpPort: udpPort,
+    dnssecZone: 'roundtrip.example.com',
  });
-  
-  // Test the serializeRData method directly
-  const soaData = {
-    mname: 'ns1.example.com',
-    rname: 'hostmaster.example.com',
-    serial: 2024010101,
-    refresh: 3600,
-    retry: 600,
-    expire: 604800,
-    minimum: 86400,
+
+  // Register a handler with specific SOA data we can verify round-trips correctly
+  const expectedSoa = {
+    mname: 'ns1.roundtrip.example.com',
+    rname: 'admin.roundtrip.example.com',
+    serial: 2025020101,
+    refresh: 7200,
+    retry: 1800,
+    expire: 1209600,
+    minimum: 43200,
  };
-  
+
+  dnsServer.registerHandler('roundtrip.example.com', ['SOA'], (question) => {
+    return {
+      name: question.name,
+      type: 'SOA',
+      class: 'IN',
+      ttl: 3600,
+      data: expectedSoa,
+    };
+  });
+
+  await dnsServer.start();
+
+  const client = dgram.createSocket('udp4');
+
+  // Plain UDP query without DNSSEC to test pure SOA serialization
+  const query = dnsPacket.encode({
+    type: 'query',
+    id: 3,
+    flags: dnsPacket.RECURSION_DESIRED,
+    questions: [
+      {
+        name: 'roundtrip.example.com',
+        type: 'SOA',
+        class: 'IN',
+      },
+    ],
+  });
+
+  console.log('Sending plain SOA query for serialization round-trip test');
+
+  const responsePromise = new Promise<dnsPacket.Packet>((resolve, reject) => {
+    const timeout = setTimeout(() => {
+      client.close();
+      reject(new Error('Query timed out after 5 seconds'));
+    }, 5000);
+
+    client.on('message', (msg) => {
+      clearTimeout(timeout);
+      try {
+        const dnsResponse = dnsPacket.decode(msg);
+        resolve(dnsResponse);
+      } catch (e) {
+        reject(new Error(`Failed to decode response: ${e.message}`));
+      }
+      client.close();
+    });
+
+    client.on('error', (err) => {
+      clearTimeout(timeout);
+      reject(err);
+      client.close();
+    });
+
+    client.send(query, udpPort, 'localhost', (err) => {
+      if (err) {
+        clearTimeout(timeout);
+        reject(err);
+        client.close();
+      }
+    });
+  });
+
  try {
-    // @ts-ignore - accessing private method for testing
-    const serialized = dnsServer.serializeRData('SOA', soaData);
-    console.log('SOA serialized successfully, buffer length:', serialized.length);
-    expect(serialized.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
-    
-    // The buffer should contain the serialized domain names + 5 * 4 bytes for the numbers
-    // Domain names have variable length, but should be at least 20 bytes total
-    expect(serialized.length).toBeGreaterThan(20);
+    const dnsResponse = await responsePromise;
+    const soaAnswers = dnsResponse.answers.filter(a => a.type === 'SOA');
+    expect(soaAnswers.length).toEqual(1);
+
+    const soaData = (soaAnswers[0] as any).data;
+    console.log('Round-trip SOA data:', soaData);
+
+    // Verify all 7 SOA fields survived the full round-trip:
+    // handler → Rust encode_soa → wire → dns-packet decode
+    expect(soaData.mname).toEqual(expectedSoa.mname);
+    expect(soaData.rname).toEqual(expectedSoa.rname);
+    expect(soaData.serial).toEqual(expectedSoa.serial);
+    expect(soaData.refresh).toEqual(expectedSoa.refresh);
+    expect(soaData.retry).toEqual(expectedSoa.retry);
+    expect(soaData.expire).toEqual(expectedSoa.expire);
+    expect(soaData.minimum).toEqual(expectedSoa.minimum);
  } catch (error) {
-    console.error('SOA serialization failed:', error);
+    console.error('SOA serialization round-trip test failed:', error);
    throw error;
  }
+
+  await stopServer(dnsServer);
+  dnsServer = null;
 });

 export default tap.start();
--- a/test/test.soa.timeout.ts
+++ b/test/test.soa.timeout.ts
@@ -1,23 +1,18 @@
-import * as plugins from '../ts_server/plugins.js';
 import { expect, tap } from '@git.zone/tstest/tapbundle';
 import { tapNodeTools } from '@git.zone/tstest/tapbundle_node';
 import * as dnsPacket from 'dns-packet';
 import * as dgram from 'dgram';
-import { execSync } from 'child_process';

 import * as smartdns from '../ts_server/index.js';

 let dnsServer: smartdns.DnsServer;

-// Port management for tests
-const testPort = 8753;
-
 // Cleanup function for servers
 async function stopServer(server: smartdns.DnsServer | null | undefined) {
  if (!server) {
    return;
  }
-  
+
  try {
    await server.stop();
  } catch (e) {
@@ -25,51 +20,6 @@ async function stopServer(server: smartdns.DnsServer | null | undefined) {
  }
 }

-tap.test('Test SOA timeout with real dig command', async (tools) => {
-  const httpsData = await tapNodeTools.createHttpsCert();
-  
-  dnsServer = new smartdns.DnsServer({
-    httpsKey: httpsData.key,
-    httpsCert: httpsData.cert,
-    httpsPort: 8752,
-    udpPort: testPort,
-    dnssecZone: 'example.com',
-  });
-  
-  await dnsServer.start();
-  console.log(`DNS server started on port ${testPort}`);
-  
-  // Test with dig command
-  try {
-    console.log('Testing SOA query with dig...');
-    const result = execSync(`dig @localhost -p ${testPort} example.com SOA +timeout=3`, { encoding: 'utf8' });
-    console.log('Dig SOA query result:', result);
-    
-    // Check if we got an answer section
-    expect(result).toInclude('ANSWER SECTION');
-    expect(result).toInclude('SOA');
-  } catch (error) {
-    console.error('Dig command failed:', error.message);
-    throw error;
-  }
-  
-  // Test nonexistent domain SOA
-  try {
-    console.log('Testing nonexistent domain SOA query with dig...');
-    const result = execSync(`dig @localhost -p ${testPort} nonexistent.example.com A +timeout=3`, { encoding: 'utf8' });
-    console.log('Dig nonexistent query result:', result);
-    
-    // Should get AUTHORITY section with SOA
-    expect(result).toInclude('AUTHORITY SECTION');
-  } catch (error) {
-    console.error('Dig nonexistent query failed:', error.message);
-    throw error;
-  }
-  
-  await stopServer(dnsServer);
-  dnsServer = null;
-});
-
 tap.test('Test SOA with DNSSEC timing', async () => {
  const httpsData = await tapNodeTools.createHttpsCert();
  const udpPort = 8754;
@@ -158,14 +108,19 @@ tap.test('Test SOA with DNSSEC timing', async () => {
    
    const soaAnswers = dnsResponse.answers.filter(a => a.type === 'SOA');
    const rrsigAnswers = dnsResponse.answers.filter(a => a.type === 'RRSIG');
-    
+
    console.log('- SOA records:', soaAnswers.length);
    console.log('- RRSIG records:', rrsigAnswers.length);
-    
-    // With the fix, SOA should have its RRSIG
-    if (soaAnswers.length > 0) {
-      expect(rrsigAnswers.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
-    }
+
+    // Must have exactly 1 SOA for the zone
+    expect(soaAnswers.length).toEqual(1);
+
+    // Must have at least 1 RRSIG covering the SOA
+    expect(rrsigAnswers.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+
+    // Verify RRSIG covers SOA type
+    const rrsigData = (rrsigAnswers[0] as any).data;
+    expect(rrsigData.typeCovered).toEqual('SOA');
  } catch (error) {
    console.error('DNSSEC SOA query failed:', error);
    throw error;
@@ -175,50 +130,108 @@ tap.test('Test SOA with DNSSEC timing', async () => {
  dnsServer = null;
 });

-tap.test('Check DNSSEC signing performance for SOA', async () => {
+tap.test('DNSSEC signing completes within reasonable time', async () => {
  const httpsData = await tapNodeTools.createHttpsCert();
-  
+  const udpPort = 8756;
+
  dnsServer = new smartdns.DnsServer({
    httpsKey: httpsData.key,
    httpsCert: httpsData.cert,
-    httpsPort: 8756,
-    udpPort: 8757,
-    dnssecZone: 'example.com',
+    httpsPort: 8757,
+    udpPort: udpPort,
+    dnssecZone: 'perf.example.com',
  });
-  
-  // Time SOA serialization
-  const soaData = {
-    mname: 'ns1.example.com',
-    rname: 'hostmaster.example.com',
-    serial: 2024010101,
-    refresh: 3600,
-    retry: 600,
-    expire: 604800,
-    minimum: 86400,
-  };
-  
-  console.log('Testing SOA serialization performance...');
-  const serializeStart = Date.now();
-  
+
+  // No handlers registered — server returns SOA for nonexistent domain
+  await dnsServer.start();
+
+  const client = dgram.createSocket('udp4');
+
+  const query = dnsPacket.encode({
+    type: 'query',
+    id: 2,
+    flags: dnsPacket.RECURSION_DESIRED,
+    questions: [
+      {
+        name: 'nonexistent.perf.example.com',
+        type: 'A',
+        class: 'IN',
+      },
+    ],
+    additionals: [
+      {
+        name: '.',
+        type: 'OPT',
+        ttl: 0,
+        flags: 0x8000, // DO bit set for DNSSEC
+        data: Buffer.alloc(0),
+      } as any,
+    ],
+  });
+
+  const startTime = Date.now();
+  console.log('Sending DNSSEC query for performance test...');
+
+  const responsePromise = new Promise<dnsPacket.Packet>((resolve, reject) => {
+    const timeout = setTimeout(() => {
+      client.close();
+      const elapsed = Date.now() - startTime;
+      reject(new Error(`Query timed out after ${elapsed}ms — exceeds 2s budget`));
+    }, 2000);
+
+    client.on('message', (msg) => {
+      clearTimeout(timeout);
+      const elapsed = Date.now() - startTime;
+      console.log(`DNSSEC response received in ${elapsed}ms`);
+      try {
+        const dnsResponse = dnsPacket.decode(msg);
+        resolve(dnsResponse);
+      } catch (e) {
+        reject(new Error(`Failed to decode response: ${e.message}`));
+      }
+      client.close();
+    });
+
+    client.on('error', (err) => {
+      clearTimeout(timeout);
+      reject(err);
+      client.close();
+    });
+
+    client.send(query, udpPort, 'localhost', (err) => {
+      if (err) {
+        clearTimeout(timeout);
+        reject(err);
+        client.close();
+      }
+    });
+  });
+
  try {
-    // @ts-ignore - accessing private method for testing
-    const serialized = dnsServer.serializeRData('SOA', soaData);
-    const serializeTime = Date.now() - serializeStart;
-    console.log(`SOA serialization took ${serializeTime}ms`);
-    
-    // Test DNSSEC signing
-    const signStart = Date.now();
-    // @ts-ignore - accessing private property
-    const signature = dnsServer.dnsSec.signData(serialized);
-    const signTime = Date.now() - signStart;
-    console.log(`DNSSEC signing took ${signTime}ms`);
-    
-    expect(serializeTime).toBeLessThan(100); // Should be fast
-    expect(signTime).toBeLessThan(500); // Signing can take longer but shouldn't timeout
+    const dnsResponse = await responsePromise;
+    const elapsed = Date.now() - startTime;
+
+    // Response must arrive within 2 seconds (generous for CI)
+    expect(elapsed).toBeLessThan(2000);
+
+    // Verify correctness: SOA + RRSIG present
+    const soaAnswers = dnsResponse.answers.filter(a => a.type === 'SOA');
+    const rrsigAnswers = dnsResponse.answers.filter(a => a.type === 'RRSIG');
+
+    expect(soaAnswers.length).toEqual(1);
+    expect(rrsigAnswers.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+
+    const rrsigData = (rrsigAnswers[0] as any).data;
+    expect(rrsigData.typeCovered).toEqual('SOA');
+
+    console.log(`DNSSEC signing performance OK: ${elapsed}ms`);
  } catch (error) {
-    console.error('Performance test failed:', error);
+    console.error('DNSSEC performance test failed:', error);
    throw error;
  }
+
+  await stopServer(dnsServer);
+  dnsServer = null;
 });

 export default tap.start();
--- a/ts/00_commitinfo_data.ts
+++ b/ts/00_commitinfo_data.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,6 @@
 */
 export const commitinfo = {
  name: '@push.rocks/smartdns',
-  version: '7.5.1',
+  version: '7.8.0',
  description: 'A robust TypeScript library providing advanced DNS management and resolution capabilities including support for DNSSEC, custom DNS servers, and integration with various DNS providers.'
 }
--- a/ts/readme.md
+++ b/ts/readme.md
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+# @push.rocks/smartdns
+
+Unified entry point that re-exports both the DNS client and DNS server modules.
+
+## Import
+
+```typescript
+import { dnsClientMod, dnsServerMod } from '@push.rocks/smartdns';
+```
+
+## Modules
+
+| Module | Description |
+|---|---|
+| `dnsClientMod` | DNS resolution — system, UDP, DoH strategies via `Smartdns` class |
+| `dnsServerMod` | Authoritative DNS server — UDP, HTTPS, DNSSEC, ACME via `DnsServer` class |
+
+## Usage
+
+```typescript
+import { dnsClientMod, dnsServerMod } from '@push.rocks/smartdns';
+
+// Client
+const client = new dnsClientMod.Smartdns({ strategy: 'prefer-udp' });
+const records = await client.getRecordsA('example.com');
+client.destroy();
+
+// Server
+const server = new dnsServerMod.DnsServer({
+  udpPort: 5333,
+  httpsPort: 8443,
+  httpsKey: '...',
+  httpsCert: '...',
+  dnssecZone: 'example.com',
+});
+server.registerHandler('example.com', ['A'], (q) => ({
+  name: q.name, type: 'A', class: 'IN', ttl: 300, data: '93.184.215.14',
+}));
+await server.start();
+```
+
+For direct imports, use the sub-module paths:
+
+```typescript
+import { Smartdns } from '@push.rocks/smartdns/client';
+import { DnsServer } from '@push.rocks/smartdns/server';
+```
--- a/ts_client/classes.dnsclient.ts
+++ b/ts_client/classes.dnsclient.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import * as plugins from './plugins.js';
+import { RustDnsClientBridge } from './classes.rustdnsclientbridge.js';

 export type TDnsProvider = 'google' | 'cloudflare';

@@ -22,47 +23,52 @@ export const makeNodeProcessUseDnsProvider = (providerArg: TDnsProvider) => {
  }
 };

-export interface ISmartDnsConstructorOptions {}
+export type TResolutionStrategy = 'doh' | 'udp' | 'system' | 'prefer-system' | 'prefer-udp';

-export interface IDnsJsonResponse {
-  Status: number;
-  TC: boolean;
-  RD: boolean;
-  RA: boolean;
-  AD: boolean;
-  CD: boolean;
-  Question: Array<{ name: string; type: number }>;
-  Answer: Array<{ name: string; type: number; TTL: number; data: string }>;
-  Additional: [];
-  Comment: string;
+export interface ISmartDnsConstructorOptions {
+  strategy?: TResolutionStrategy; // default: 'prefer-system'
+  allowDohFallback?: boolean; // allow fallback to DoH if system fails (default: true)
+  timeoutMs?: number; // optional per-query timeout
 }

 /**
- * class dnsly offers methods for working with dns from a dns provider like Google DNS
+ * Smartdns offers methods for working with DNS resolution.
+ * Supports system resolver, UDP wire-format, and DoH (DNS-over-HTTPS) via a Rust binary.
 */
 export class Smartdns {
-  public dnsServerIp: string;
-  public dnsServerPort: number;
+  private strategy: TResolutionStrategy = 'prefer-system';
+  private allowDohFallback = true;
+  private timeoutMs: number | undefined;
+  private rustBridge: RustDnsClientBridge | null = null;

  public dnsTypeMap: { [key: string]: number } = {
    A: 1,
-    AAAA: 28,
+    NS: 2,
    CNAME: 5,
+    SOA: 6,
+    PTR: 12,
    MX: 15,
    TXT: 16,
+    AAAA: 28,
+    SRV: 33,
  };

-  /**
-   * constructor for class dnsly
-   */
-  constructor(optionsArg: ISmartDnsConstructorOptions) {}
+  constructor(optionsArg: ISmartDnsConstructorOptions) {
+    this.strategy = optionsArg?.strategy || 'prefer-system';
+    this.allowDohFallback =
+      optionsArg?.allowDohFallback === undefined ? true : optionsArg.allowDohFallback;
+    this.timeoutMs = optionsArg?.timeoutMs;
+  }
+
+  private getRustBridge(): RustDnsClientBridge {
+    if (!this.rustBridge) {
+      this.rustBridge = new RustDnsClientBridge();
+    }
+    return this.rustBridge;
+  }

  /**
-   * check a dns record until it has propagated to Google DNS
-   * should be considerably fast
-   * @param recordNameArg
-   * @param recordTypeArg
-   * @param expectedValue
+   * check a dns record until it has propagated
   */
  public async checkUntilAvailable(
    recordNameArg: string,
@@ -93,7 +99,6 @@ export class Smartdns {
            return await doCheck();
          }
        } catch (err) {
-          // console.log(err);
          await plugins.smartdelay.delayFor(intervalArg);
          return await doCheck();
        }
@@ -133,43 +138,100 @@ export class Smartdns {
    recordTypeArg: plugins.tsclass.network.TDnsRecordType,
    retriesCounterArg = 20
  ): Promise<plugins.tsclass.network.IDnsRecord[]> {
-    const requestUrl = `https://cloudflare-dns.com/dns-query?name=${recordNameArg}&type=${recordTypeArg}&do=1`;
-    const returnArray: plugins.tsclass.network.IDnsRecord[] = [];
-    const getResponseBody = async (counterArg = 0): Promise<IDnsJsonResponse> => {
-      const response = await plugins.smartrequest.request(requestUrl, {
-        method: 'GET',
-        headers: {
-          accept: 'application/dns-json',
-        },
-      });
-      const responseBody: IDnsJsonResponse = response.body;
-      if (responseBody?.Status !== 0 && counterArg < retriesCounterArg) {
-        await plugins.smartdelay.delayFor(500);
-        return getResponseBody(counterArg + 1);
-      } else {
-        return responseBody;
+    const trySystem = async (): Promise<plugins.tsclass.network.IDnsRecord[]> => {
+      // Prefer dns.lookup for A/AAAA so hosts file and OS resolver are honored
+      if (recordTypeArg === 'A' || recordTypeArg === 'AAAA') {
+        const family = recordTypeArg === 'A' ? 4 : 6;
+        const addresses = await new Promise<{ address: string }[]>((resolve, reject) => {
+          const timer = this.timeoutMs
+            ? setTimeout(() => reject(new Error('system lookup timeout')), this.timeoutMs)
+            : null;
+          plugins.dns.lookup(
+            recordNameArg,
+            { family, all: true },
+            (err, result) => {
+              if (timer) clearTimeout(timer as any);
+              if (err) return reject(err);
+              resolve(result || []);
+            }
+          );
+        });
+        return addresses.map((a) => ({
+          name: recordNameArg,
+          type: recordTypeArg,
+          dnsSecEnabled: false,
+          value: a.address,
+        }));
      }
+      if (recordTypeArg === 'TXT') {
+        const records = await new Promise<string[][]>((resolve, reject) => {
+          const timer = this.timeoutMs
+            ? setTimeout(() => reject(new Error('system resolveTxt timeout')), this.timeoutMs)
+            : null;
+          plugins.dns.resolveTxt(recordNameArg, (err, res) => {
+            if (timer) clearTimeout(timer as any);
+            if (err) return reject(err);
+            resolve(res || []);
+          });
+        });
+        return records.map((chunks) => ({
+          name: recordNameArg,
+          type: 'TXT' as plugins.tsclass.network.TDnsRecordType,
+          dnsSecEnabled: false,
+          value: chunks.join(''),
+        }));
+      }
+      return [];
    };
-    const responseBody = await getResponseBody();
-    if (!responseBody.Answer || !typeof responseBody.Answer[Symbol.iterator]) {
-      return returnArray;
-    }
-    for (const dnsEntry of responseBody.Answer) {
-      if (dnsEntry.data.startsWith('"') && dnsEntry.data.endsWith('"')) {
-        dnsEntry.data = dnsEntry.data.replace(/^"(.*)"$/, '$1');
+
+    const tryRust = async (protocol: 'udp' | 'doh'): Promise<plugins.tsclass.network.IDnsRecord[]> => {
+      const bridge = this.getRustBridge();
+      const result = await bridge.resolve(
+        recordNameArg,
+        recordTypeArg,
+        protocol,
+        undefined,
+        undefined,
+        this.timeoutMs
+      );
+      return result.answers.map((answer) => ({
+        name: answer.name,
+        type: this.convertDnsTypeNameToCanonical(answer.type) || recordTypeArg,
+        dnsSecEnabled: result.adFlag,
+        value: answer.value,
+      }));
+    };
+
+    try {
+      if (this.strategy === 'system') {
+        return await trySystem();
      }
-      if (dnsEntry.name.endsWith('.')) {
-        dnsEntry.name = dnsEntry.name.substring(0, dnsEntry.name.length - 1);
+      if (this.strategy === 'doh') {
+        return await tryRust('doh');
      }
-      returnArray.push({
-        name: dnsEntry.name,
-        type: this.convertDnsTypeNumberToTypeName(dnsEntry.type),
-        dnsSecEnabled: responseBody.AD,
-        value: dnsEntry.data,
-      });
+      if (this.strategy === 'udp') {
+        return await tryRust('udp');
+      }
+      if (this.strategy === 'prefer-udp') {
+        try {
+          const udpRes = await tryRust('udp');
+          if (udpRes.length > 0) return udpRes;
+          return await tryRust('doh');
+        } catch (err) {
+          return await tryRust('doh');
+        }
+      }
+      // prefer-system (default)
+      try {
+        const sysRes = await trySystem();
+        if (sysRes.length > 0) return sysRes;
+        return this.allowDohFallback ? await tryRust('doh') : [];
+      } catch (err) {
+        return this.allowDohFallback ? await tryRust('doh') : [];
+      }
+    } catch (finalErr) {
+      return [];
    }
-    // console.log(responseBody);
-    return returnArray;
  }

  /**
@@ -226,4 +288,25 @@ export class Smartdns {
    }
    return null;
  }
+
+  /**
+   * Convert a DNS type string from Rust (e.g. "A", "AAAA") to the canonical TDnsRecordType.
+   */
+  private convertDnsTypeNameToCanonical(typeName: string): plugins.tsclass.network.TDnsRecordType | null {
+    const upper = typeName.toUpperCase();
+    if (upper in this.dnsTypeMap) {
+      return upper as plugins.tsclass.network.TDnsRecordType;
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Destroy the Rust client bridge and free resources.
+   */
+  public destroy(): void {
+    if (this.rustBridge) {
+      this.rustBridge.kill();
+      this.rustBridge = null;
+    }
+  }
 }
--- a/ts_client/classes.rustdnsclientbridge.ts
+++ b/ts_client/classes.rustdnsclientbridge.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+import * as plugins from './plugins.js';
+
+// IPC command map for type-safe bridge communication
+export type TClientDnsCommands = {
+  resolve: {
+    params: IResolveParams;
+    result: IResolveResult;
+  };
+  ping: {
+    params: Record<string, never>;
+    result: { pong: boolean };
+  };
+};
+
+export interface IResolveParams {
+  name: string;
+  recordType: string;
+  protocol: 'udp' | 'doh';
+  serverAddr?: string;
+  dohUrl?: string;
+  timeoutMs?: number;
+}
+
+export interface IClientDnsAnswer {
+  name: string;
+  type: string;
+  ttl: number;
+  value: string;
+}
+
+export interface IResolveResult {
+  answers: IClientDnsAnswer[];
+  adFlag: boolean;
+  rcode: number;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Bridge to the Rust DNS client binary via smartrust IPC.
+ */
+export class RustDnsClientBridge {
+  private bridge: InstanceType<typeof plugins.smartrust.RustBridge<TClientDnsCommands>>;
+  private spawnPromise: Promise<boolean> | null = null;
+
+  constructor() {
+    const packageDir = plugins.path.resolve(
+      plugins.path.dirname(new URL(import.meta.url).pathname),
+      '..'
+    );
+
+    // Determine platform suffix for dist_rust binaries (matches tsrust naming)
+    const platformSuffix = getPlatformSuffix();
+    const localPaths: string[] = [];
+
+    // dist_rust/ candidates (tsrust cross-compiled output, platform-specific)
+    if (platformSuffix) {
+      localPaths.push(plugins.path.join(packageDir, 'dist_rust', `rustdns-client_${platformSuffix}`));
+    }
+    // dist_rust/ without suffix (native build)
+    localPaths.push(plugins.path.join(packageDir, 'dist_rust', 'rustdns-client'));
+    // Local dev build paths
+    localPaths.push(plugins.path.join(packageDir, 'rust', 'target', 'release', 'rustdns-client'));
+    localPaths.push(plugins.path.join(packageDir, 'rust', 'target', 'debug', 'rustdns-client'));
+
+    this.bridge = new plugins.smartrust.RustBridge<TClientDnsCommands>({
+      binaryName: 'rustdns-client',
+      cliArgs: ['--management'],
+      requestTimeoutMs: 30_000,
+      readyTimeoutMs: 10_000,
+      localPaths,
+      searchSystemPath: false,
+    });
+
+    this.bridge.on('stderr', (line: string) => {
+      if (line.trim()) {
+        console.log(`[rustdns-client] ${line}`);
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Lazily spawn the Rust binary. Only spawns once, caches the promise.
+   */
+  public async ensureSpawned(): Promise<void> {
+    if (!this.spawnPromise) {
+      this.spawnPromise = this.bridge.spawn();
+    }
+    const ok = await this.spawnPromise;
+    if (!ok) {
+      this.spawnPromise = null;
+      throw new Error('Failed to spawn rustdns-client binary');
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Resolve a DNS query through the Rust binary.
+   */
+  public async resolve(
+    name: string,
+    recordType: string,
+    protocol: 'udp' | 'doh',
+    serverAddr?: string,
+    dohUrl?: string,
+    timeoutMs?: number
+  ): Promise<IResolveResult> {
+    await this.ensureSpawned();
+    const params: IResolveParams = {
+      name,
+      recordType,
+      protocol,
+    };
+    if (serverAddr) params.serverAddr = serverAddr;
+    if (dohUrl) params.dohUrl = dohUrl;
+    if (timeoutMs) params.timeoutMs = timeoutMs;
+    return this.bridge.sendCommand('resolve', params);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Ping the Rust binary for health check.
+   */
+  public async ping(): Promise<boolean> {
+    await this.ensureSpawned();
+    const result = await this.bridge.sendCommand('ping', {} as Record<string, never>);
+    return result.pong;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Kill the Rust process.
+   */
+  public kill(): void {
+    this.bridge.kill();
+    this.spawnPromise = null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Whether the bridge is running.
+   */
+  public get running(): boolean {
+    return this.bridge.running;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get the tsrust platform suffix for the current platform.
+ */
+function getPlatformSuffix(): string | null {
+  const platform = process.platform;
+  const arch = process.arch;
+
+  const platformMap: Record<string, string> = {
+    'linux': 'linux',
+    'darwin': 'macos',
+    'win32': 'windows',
+  };
+
+  const archMap: Record<string, string> = {
+    'x64': 'amd64',
+    'arm64': 'arm64',
+  };
+
+  const p = platformMap[platform];
+  const a = archMap[arch];
+
+  if (p && a) {
+    return `${p}_${a}`;
+  }
+
+  return null;
+}
--- a/ts_client/index.ts
+++ b/ts_client/index.ts
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 export * from './classes.dnsclient.js';
+export * from './classes.rustdnsclientbridge.js';
--- a/ts_client/plugins.ts
+++ b/ts_client/plugins.ts
@@ -6,12 +6,20 @@ const dns: typeof dnsType = await smartenvInstance.getSafeNodeModule('dns');

 export { dns };

+// node native scope
+import * as path from 'path';
+import { EventEmitter } from 'events';
+
+export { path };
+export const events = { EventEmitter };
+
 // pushrocks scope
 import * as smartdelay from '@push.rocks/smartdelay';
 import * as smartpromise from '@push.rocks/smartpromise';
 import * as smartrequest from '@push.rocks/smartrequest';
+import * as smartrust from '@push.rocks/smartrust';

-export { smartdelay, smartenv, smartpromise, smartrequest };
+export { smartdelay, smartenv, smartpromise, smartrequest, smartrust };

 import * as tsclass from '@tsclass/tsclass';

--- a/ts_client/readme.md
+++ b/ts_client/readme.md
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+# @push.rocks/smartdns/client
+
+DNS client module for `@push.rocks/smartdns` — provides DNS record resolution via system resolver, raw UDP wire-format queries, and DNS-over-HTTPS (RFC 8484), with UDP and DoH powered by a Rust binary for performance.
+
+## Import
+
+```typescript
+import { Smartdns, makeNodeProcessUseDnsProvider } from '@push.rocks/smartdns/client';
+```
+
+## Architecture
+
+The client routes queries through one of three backends depending on the configured strategy:
+
+- **System** — Uses Node.js `dns` module (`dns.lookup` / `dns.resolveTxt`). Honors `/etc/hosts`. No external binary.
+- **UDP** — Sends raw DNS wire-format queries to upstream resolvers (default: Cloudflare 1.1.1.1) via the `rustdns-client` Rust binary over IPC.
+- **DoH** — Sends RFC 8484 wire-format POST requests to a DoH endpoint (default: `https://cloudflare-dns.com/dns-query`) via the same Rust binary.
+
+The Rust binary is spawned **lazily** — only when the first UDP or DoH query is made. The binary stays alive for connection pooling (DoH) and is killed via `destroy()`.
+
+## Classes & Functions
+
+### `Smartdns`
+
+The main DNS client class. Supports five resolution strategies:
+
+| Strategy | Behavior |
+|---|---|
+| `prefer-system` | Try OS resolver first, fall back to Rust DoH |
+| `system` | Use only Node.js system resolver |
+| `doh` | Use only Rust DoH (RFC 8484 wire format) |
+| `udp` | Use only Rust UDP to upstream resolver |
+| `prefer-udp` | Try Rust UDP first, fall back to Rust DoH |
+
+```typescript
+const dns = new Smartdns({
+  strategy: 'prefer-udp',
+  allowDohFallback: true,
+  timeoutMs: 5000,
+});
+```
+
+#### Key Methods
+
+| Method | Description |
+|---|---|
+| `getRecordsA(domain)` | Resolve A records (IPv4) |
+| `getRecordsAAAA(domain)` | Resolve AAAA records (IPv6) |
+| `getRecordsTxt(domain)` | Resolve TXT records |
+| `getRecords(domain, type, retries?)` | Generic query — supports A, AAAA, CNAME, MX, TXT, NS, SOA, PTR, SRV |
+| `getNameServers(domain)` | Resolve NS records |
+| `checkUntilAvailable(domain, type, value, cycles?, interval?)` | Poll until a record propagates |
+| `destroy()` | Kill the Rust client binary and free resources |
+
+All query methods return `IDnsRecord[]`:
+
+```typescript
+interface IDnsRecord {
+  name: string;
+  type: string;
+  dnsSecEnabled: boolean; // true if upstream AD flag was set
+  value: string;
+}
+```
+
+### `RustDnsClientBridge`
+
+Low-level IPC bridge to the `rustdns-client` binary. Used internally by `Smartdns` — typically not imported directly. Provides:
+
+- `ensureSpawned()` — lazy spawn of the Rust binary
+- `resolve(name, type, protocol, ...)` — send a resolve command via IPC
+- `ping()` — health check
+- `kill()` — terminate the binary
+
+### `makeNodeProcessUseDnsProvider(provider)`
+
+Configures the global Node.js DNS resolver to use a specific provider:
+
+```typescript
+makeNodeProcessUseDnsProvider('cloudflare'); // 1.1.1.1
+makeNodeProcessUseDnsProvider('google');     // 8.8.8.8
+```
+
+## Supported Record Types
+
+A, AAAA, CNAME, MX, TXT, NS, SOA, PTR, SRV
+
+## Dependencies
+
+- `@push.rocks/smartrust` — TypeScript-to-Rust IPC bridge
+- `@push.rocks/smartrequest` — HTTP client (used by legacy paths)
+- `@push.rocks/smartdelay` — delay utility for retry logic
+- `@push.rocks/smartpromise` — deferred promise helper
+- `@tsclass/tsclass` — DNS record type definitions
--- a/ts_server/classes.dnssec.ts
+++ b/ts_server/classes.dnssec.ts
@@ -1,189 +0,0 @@
-// Import necessary plugins from plugins.ts
-import * as plugins from './plugins.js';
-
-interface DnssecZone {
-  zone: string;
-  algorithm: 'ECDSA' | 'ED25519' | 'RSA';
-  keySize: number;
-  days: number;
-}
-
-interface DnssecKeyPair {
-  privateKey: string;
-  publicKey: string;
-}
-
-export class DnsSec {
-  private zone: DnssecZone;
-  private keyPair: DnssecKeyPair;
-  private ec?: plugins.elliptic.ec; // For ECDSA algorithms
-  private eddsa?: plugins.elliptic.eddsa; // For EdDSA algorithms
-
-  constructor(zone: DnssecZone) {
-    this.zone = zone;
-
-    // Initialize the appropriate cryptographic instance based on the algorithm
-    switch (this.zone.algorithm) {
-      case 'ECDSA':
-        this.ec = new plugins.elliptic.ec('p256'); // Use P-256 curve for ECDSA
-        break;
-      case 'ED25519':
-        this.eddsa = new plugins.elliptic.eddsa('ed25519');
-        break;
-      case 'RSA':
-        // RSA implementation would go here
-        throw new Error('RSA algorithm is not yet implemented.');
-      default:
-        throw new Error(`Unsupported algorithm: ${this.zone.algorithm}`);
-    }
-
-    // Generate the key pair
-    this.keyPair = this.generateKeyPair();
-  }
-
-  private generateKeyPair(): DnssecKeyPair {
-    let privateKey: string;
-    let publicKey: string;
-
-    switch (this.zone.algorithm) {
-      case 'ECDSA':
-        if (!this.ec) throw new Error('EC instance is not initialized.');
-        const ecKeyPair = this.ec.genKeyPair();
-        privateKey = ecKeyPair.getPrivate('hex');
-        publicKey = ecKeyPair.getPublic(false, 'hex'); // Uncompressed format
-        break;
-      case 'ED25519':
-        if (!this.eddsa) throw new Error('EdDSA instance is not initialized.');
-        const secret = plugins.crypto.randomBytes(32);
-        const edKeyPair = this.eddsa.keyFromSecret(secret);
-        privateKey = edKeyPair.getSecret('hex');
-        publicKey = edKeyPair.getPublic('hex');
-        break;
-      case 'RSA':
-        // RSA key generation would be implemented here
-        throw new Error('RSA key generation is not yet implemented.');
-      default:
-        throw new Error(`Unsupported algorithm: ${this.zone.algorithm}`);
-    }
-
-    return { privateKey, publicKey };
-  }
-
-  public getAlgorithmNumber(): number {
-    switch (this.zone.algorithm) {
-      case 'ECDSA':
-        return 13; // ECDSAP256SHA256
-      case 'ED25519':
-        return 15;
-      case 'RSA':
-        return 8; // RSASHA256
-      default:
-        throw new Error(`Unsupported algorithm: ${this.zone.algorithm}`);
-    }
-  }
-
-  public signData(data: Buffer): Buffer {
-    switch (this.zone.algorithm) {
-      case 'ECDSA':
-        if (!this.ec) throw new Error('EC instance is not initialized.');
-        const ecKeyPair = this.ec.keyFromPrivate(this.keyPair.privateKey, 'hex');
-        const ecSignature = ecKeyPair.sign(plugins.crypto.createHash('sha256').update(data).digest());
-        return Buffer.from(ecSignature.toDER());
-      
-      case 'ED25519':
-        if (!this.eddsa) throw new Error('EdDSA instance is not initialized.');
-        const edKeyPair = this.eddsa.keyFromSecret(Buffer.from(this.keyPair.privateKey, 'hex'));
-        // ED25519 doesn't need a separate hash function as it includes the hashing internally
-        const edSignature = edKeyPair.sign(data);
-        // Convert the signature to the correct format for Buffer.from
-        return Buffer.from(edSignature.toBytes());
-      
-      case 'RSA':
-        throw new Error('RSA signing is not yet implemented.');
-      
-      default:
-        throw new Error(`Unsupported algorithm: ${this.zone.algorithm}`);
-    }
-  }
-
-  private generateDNSKEY(): Buffer {
-    const flags = 256; // 256 indicates a Zone Signing Key (ZSK)
-    const protocol = 3; // Must be 3 according to RFC
-    const algorithm = this.getAlgorithmNumber();
-
-    let publicKeyData: Buffer;
-
-    switch (this.zone.algorithm) {
-      case 'ECDSA':
-        if (!this.ec) throw new Error('EC instance is not initialized.');
-        const ecPublicKey = this.ec.keyFromPublic(this.keyPair.publicKey, 'hex').getPublic();
-        const x = ecPublicKey.getX().toArrayLike(Buffer, 'be', 32);
-        const y = ecPublicKey.getY().toArrayLike(Buffer, 'be', 32);
-        publicKeyData = Buffer.concat([x, y]);
-        break;
-      case 'ED25519':
-        publicKeyData = Buffer.from(this.keyPair.publicKey, 'hex');
-        break;
-      case 'RSA':
-        // RSA public key extraction would go here
-        throw new Error('RSA public key extraction is not yet implemented.');
-      default:
-        throw new Error(`Unsupported algorithm: ${this.zone.algorithm}`);
-    }
-
-    // Construct the DNSKEY RDATA
-    const dnskeyRdata = Buffer.concat([
-      Buffer.from([flags >> 8, flags & 0xff]), // Flags (2 bytes)
-      Buffer.from([protocol]), // Protocol (1 byte)
-      Buffer.from([algorithm]), // Algorithm (1 byte)
-      publicKeyData, // Public Key
-    ]);
-
-    return dnskeyRdata;
-  }
-
-  private computeKeyTag(dnskeyRdata: Buffer): number {
-    // Key Tag calculation as per RFC 4034, Appendix B
-    let acc = 0;
-    for (let i = 0; i < dnskeyRdata.length; i++) {
-      acc += i & 1 ? dnskeyRdata[i] : dnskeyRdata[i] << 8;
-    }
-    acc += (acc >> 16) & 0xffff;
-    return acc & 0xffff;
-  }
-
-  private getDNSKEYRecord(): string {
-    const dnskeyRdata = this.generateDNSKEY();
-    const flags = 256;
-    const protocol = 3;
-    const algorithm = this.getAlgorithmNumber();
-    const publicKeyData = dnskeyRdata.slice(4); // Skip flags, protocol, algorithm bytes
-    const publicKeyBase64 = publicKeyData.toString('base64');
-
-    return `${this.zone.zone}. IN DNSKEY ${flags} ${protocol} ${algorithm} ${publicKeyBase64}`;
-  }
-
-  public getDSRecord(): string {
-    const dnskeyRdata = this.generateDNSKEY();
-    const keyTag = this.computeKeyTag(dnskeyRdata);
-    const algorithm = this.getAlgorithmNumber();
-    const digestType = 2; // SHA-256
-    const digest = plugins.crypto
-      .createHash('sha256')
-      .update(dnskeyRdata)
-      .digest('hex')
-      .toUpperCase();
-
-    return `${this.zone.zone}. IN DS ${keyTag} ${algorithm} ${digestType} ${digest}`;
-  }
-
-  public getKeyPair(): DnssecKeyPair {
-    return this.keyPair;
-  }
-
-  public getDsAndKeyPair(): { keyPair: DnssecKeyPair; dsRecord: string; dnskeyRecord: string } {
-    const dsRecord = this.getDSRecord();
-    const dnskeyRecord = this.getDNSKEYRecord();
-    return { keyPair: this.keyPair, dsRecord, dnskeyRecord };
-  }
-}
--- a/ts_server/classes.dnsserver.ts
+++ b/ts_server/classes.dnsserver.ts
--- a/ts_server/classes.rustdnsbridge.ts
+++ b/ts_server/classes.rustdnsbridge.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+import * as plugins from './plugins.js';
+
+// IPC command map for type-safe bridge communication
+export type TDnsCommands = {
+  start: {
+    params: { config: IRustDnsConfig };
+    result: Record<string, never>;
+  };
+  stop: {
+    params: Record<string, never>;
+    result: Record<string, never>;
+  };
+  dnsQueryResult: {
+    params: {
+      correlationId: string;
+      answers: IIpcDnsAnswer[];
+      answered: boolean;
+    };
+    result: { resolved: boolean };
+  };
+  updateCerts: {
+    params: { httpsKey: string; httpsCert: string };
+    result: Record<string, never>;
+  };
+  processPacket: {
+    params: { packet: string }; // base64-encoded DNS packet
+    result: { packet: string }; // base64-encoded DNS response
+  };
+  ping: {
+    params: Record<string, never>;
+    result: { pong: boolean };
+  };
+};
+
+export interface IRustDnsConfig {
+  udpPort: number;
+  httpsPort: number;
+  udpBindInterface: string;
+  httpsBindInterface: string;
+  httpsKey: string;
+  httpsCert: string;
+  dnssecZone: string;
+  dnssecAlgorithm: string;
+  primaryNameserver: string;
+  enableLocalhostHandling: boolean;
+  manualUdpMode: boolean;
+  manualHttpsMode: boolean;
+}
+
+export interface IIpcDnsQuestion {
+  name: string;
+  type: string;
+  class: string;
+}
+
+export interface IIpcDnsAnswer {
+  name: string;
+  type: string;
+  class: string;
+  ttl: number;
+  data: any;
+}
+
+export interface IDnsQueryEvent {
+  correlationId: string;
+  questions: IIpcDnsQuestion[];
+  dnssecRequested: boolean;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Bridge to the Rust DNS binary via smartrust IPC.
+ */
+export class RustDnsBridge extends plugins.events.EventEmitter {
+  private bridge: InstanceType<typeof plugins.smartrust.RustBridge<TDnsCommands>>;
+
+  constructor() {
+    super();
+
+    const packageDir = plugins.path.resolve(
+      plugins.path.dirname(new URL(import.meta.url).pathname),
+      '..'
+    );
+
+    // Determine platform suffix for dist_rust binaries (matches tsrust naming)
+    const platformSuffix = getPlatformSuffix();
+    const localPaths: string[] = [];
+
+    // dist_rust/ candidates (tsrust cross-compiled output, platform-specific)
+    if (platformSuffix) {
+      localPaths.push(plugins.path.join(packageDir, 'dist_rust', `rustdns_${platformSuffix}`));
+    }
+    // dist_rust/ without suffix (native build)
+    localPaths.push(plugins.path.join(packageDir, 'dist_rust', 'rustdns'));
+    // Local dev build paths
+    localPaths.push(plugins.path.join(packageDir, 'rust', 'target', 'release', 'rustdns'));
+    localPaths.push(plugins.path.join(packageDir, 'rust', 'target', 'debug', 'rustdns'));
+
+    this.bridge = new plugins.smartrust.RustBridge<TDnsCommands>({
+      binaryName: 'rustdns',
+      cliArgs: ['--management'],
+      requestTimeoutMs: 30_000,
+      readyTimeoutMs: 10_000,
+      localPaths,
+      searchSystemPath: false,
+    });
+
+    // Forward events from inner bridge
+    this.bridge.on('management:dnsQuery', (data: IDnsQueryEvent) => {
+      this.emit('dnsQuery', data);
+    });
+
+    this.bridge.on('management:started', () => {
+      this.emit('started');
+    });
+
+    this.bridge.on('management:stopped', () => {
+      this.emit('stopped');
+    });
+
+    this.bridge.on('management:error', (data: { message: string }) => {
+      this.emit('error', new Error(data.message));
+    });
+
+    this.bridge.on('stderr', (line: string) => {
+      // Forward Rust tracing output as debug logs
+      if (line.trim()) {
+        console.log(`[rustdns] ${line}`);
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Spawn the Rust binary and wait for readiness.
+   */
+  public async spawn(): Promise<boolean> {
+    return this.bridge.spawn();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Start the DNS server with given config.
+   */
+  public async startServer(config: IRustDnsConfig): Promise<void> {
+    await this.bridge.sendCommand('start', { config });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Stop the DNS server.
+   */
+  public async stopServer(): Promise<void> {
+    await this.bridge.sendCommand('stop', {});
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Send a DNS query result back to Rust.
+   */
+  public async sendQueryResult(
+    correlationId: string,
+    answers: IIpcDnsAnswer[],
+    answered: boolean
+  ): Promise<void> {
+    await this.bridge.sendCommand('dnsQueryResult', {
+      correlationId,
+      answers,
+      answered,
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Update TLS certificates.
+   */
+  public async updateCerts(httpsKey: string, httpsCert: string): Promise<void> {
+    await this.bridge.sendCommand('updateCerts', { httpsKey, httpsCert });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Process a raw DNS packet via IPC (for manual/passthrough mode).
+   * Returns the DNS response as a Buffer.
+   */
+  public async processPacket(packet: Buffer): Promise<Buffer> {
+    const result = await this.bridge.sendCommand('processPacket', {
+      packet: packet.toString('base64'),
+    });
+    return Buffer.from(result.packet, 'base64');
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Ping the Rust binary for health check.
+   */
+  public async ping(): Promise<boolean> {
+    const result = await this.bridge.sendCommand('ping', {});
+    return result.pong;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Kill the Rust process.
+   */
+  public kill(): void {
+    this.bridge.kill();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Whether the bridge is running.
+   */
+  public get running(): boolean {
+    return this.bridge.running;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get the tsrust platform suffix for the current platform.
+ * Matches the naming convention used by @git.zone/tsrust.
+ */
+function getPlatformSuffix(): string | null {
+  const platform = process.platform;
+  const arch = process.arch;
+
+  const platformMap: Record<string, string> = {
+    'linux': 'linux',
+    'darwin': 'macos',
+    'win32': 'windows',
+  };
+
+  const archMap: Record<string, string> = {
+    'x64': 'amd64',
+    'arm64': 'arm64',
+  };
+
+  const p = platformMap[platform];
+  const a = archMap[arch];
+
+  if (p && a) {
+    return `${p}_${a}`;
+  }
+
+  return null;
+}
--- a/ts_server/index.ts
+++ b/ts_server/index.ts
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
-export * from './classes.dnsserver.js';
+export * from './classes.dnsserver.js';
+export * from './classes.rustdnsbridge.js';
--- a/ts_server/plugins.ts
+++ b/ts_server/plugins.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 // node native
 import crypto from 'crypto';
 import dgram from 'dgram';
+import { EventEmitter } from 'events';
 import fs from 'fs';
-import http from 'http';
-import https from 'https';
 import * as net from 'net';
 import * as path from 'path';

@@ -11,26 +10,24 @@ export {
  crypto,
  dgram,
  fs,
-  http,
-  https,
  net,
  path,
 }

+export const events = { EventEmitter };
+
 // @push.rocks scope
-import * as smartpromise from '@push.rocks/smartpromise';
+import * as smartrust from '@push.rocks/smartrust';

 export {
-  smartpromise,
+  smartrust,
 }

 // third party
-import elliptic from 'elliptic';
 import * as dnsPacket from 'dns-packet';
 import * as minimatch from 'minimatch';

 export {
  dnsPacket,
-  elliptic,
  minimatch,
 }
--- a/ts_server/readme.md
+++ b/ts_server/readme.md
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+# @push.rocks/smartdns/server
+
+DNS server module for `@push.rocks/smartdns` — a full-featured authoritative DNS server powered by a Rust backend with DNSSEC, DNS-over-HTTPS, and Let's Encrypt integration.
+
+## Import
+
+```typescript
+import { DnsServer } from '@push.rocks/smartdns/server';
+```
+
+## Architecture
+
+The server delegates network I/O, DNS packet parsing/encoding, and DNSSEC signing to a compiled **Rust binary** (`rustdns`). TypeScript retains the public API, handler registration, and ACME certificate orchestration.
+
+Communication happens via JSON-over-stdin/stdout IPC using `@push.rocks/smartrust`'s `RustBridge`. DNS queries that need handler resolution are forwarded from Rust to TypeScript with correlation IDs, then results are sent back for response assembly and DNSSEC signing.
+
+### Rust Crate Structure
+
+| Crate | Purpose |
+|---|---|
+| `rustdns` | Main binary with IPC management loop |
+| `rustdns-protocol` | DNS wire format parsing/encoding, RDATA encode/decode |
+| `rustdns-server` | Async UDP + HTTPS servers (tokio, hyper, rustls) |
+| `rustdns-dnssec` | ECDSA/ED25519 key generation and RRset signing |
+
+## Classes
+
+### `DnsServer`
+
+The primary class. Manages handler registration, server lifecycle, and certificate retrieval.
+
+```typescript
+const server = new DnsServer({
+  udpPort: 53,
+  httpsPort: 443,
+  httpsKey: '...pem...',
+  httpsCert: '...pem...',
+  dnssecZone: 'example.com',
+  primaryNameserver: 'ns1.example.com',
+});
+```
+
+#### Options
+
+| Option | Type | Default | Description |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| `udpPort` | `number` | — | UDP DNS port |
+| `httpsPort` | `number` | — | HTTPS DoH port |
+| `httpsKey` | `string` | — | TLS private key (PEM) |
+| `httpsCert` | `string` | — | TLS certificate (PEM) |
+| `dnssecZone` | `string` | — | Zone to enable DNSSEC for |
+| `primaryNameserver` | `string` | `ns1.{zone}` | SOA mname field |
+| `udpBindInterface` | `string` | `0.0.0.0` | IP to bind UDP |
+| `httpsBindInterface` | `string` | `0.0.0.0` | IP to bind HTTPS |
+| `manualUdpMode` | `boolean` | `false` | Don't auto-bind UDP |
+| `manualHttpsMode` | `boolean` | `false` | Don't auto-bind HTTPS |
+| `enableLocalhostHandling` | `boolean` | `true` | Handle RFC 6761 localhost |
+
+#### Key Methods
+
+| Method | Description |
+|---|---|
+| `start()` | Spawn Rust binary and start listening |
+| `stop()` | Gracefully shut down |
+| `registerHandler(pattern, types, fn)` | Add a DNS handler (glob patterns via minimatch) |
+| `unregisterHandler(pattern, types)` | Remove a handler |
+| `handleUdpMessage(msg, rinfo, cb)` | Process a UDP message manually |
+| `processRawDnsPacket(buf)` | Sync packet processing (TS fallback) |
+| `processRawDnsPacketAsync(buf)` | Async packet processing (Rust bridge, includes DNSSEC) |
+| `retrieveSslCertificate(domains, opts)` | ACME DNS-01 certificate retrieval |
+| `filterAuthorizedDomains(domains)` | Filter domains the server is authoritative for |
+
+### `RustDnsBridge`
+
+Low-level IPC bridge to the `rustdns` binary. Used internally by `DnsServer` — typically not imported directly.
+
+Emits events: `dnsQuery`, `started`, `stopped`, `error`.
+
+## Handler System
+
+Handlers use **glob patterns** (via `minimatch`) for domain matching. Multiple handlers can contribute records to a single response.
+
+```typescript
+server.registerHandler('*.example.com', ['A'], (question) => ({
+  name: question.name,
+  type: 'A',
+  class: 'IN',
+  ttl: 300,
+  data: '10.0.0.1',
+}));
+```
+
+When no handler matches, the server returns an automatic **SOA record** for the zone.
+
+## DNSSEC
+
+Enabled automatically with the `dnssecZone` option. Supports:
+
+- **ECDSAP256SHA256** (13) — default
+- **ED25519** (15)
+- **RSASHA256** (8)
+
+Key generation, DNSKEY/RRSIG/NSEC record creation is fully handled by the Rust backend.
+
+## Dependencies
+
+- `@push.rocks/smartrust` — TypeScript-to-Rust IPC bridge
+- `dns-packet` — DNS wire format codec (used for TS fallback path)
+- `minimatch` — glob pattern matching for handlers
+- `acme-client` — Let's Encrypt ACME protocol
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Juergen Kunz	0c140403e9	v7.8.0	2026-02-11 13:02:37 +00:00
Juergen Kunz	368430d199	feat(rustdns-client): add Rust DNS client binary and TypeScript IPC bridge to enable UDP and DoH resolution, RDATA decoding, and DNSSEC AD/rcode support	2026-02-11 13:02:37 +00:00
Juergen Kunz	9d4db39741	v7.7.1	2026-02-11 11:46:16 +00:00
Juergen Kunz	32d7508dce	fix(tests): prune flaky SOA integration and performance tests that rely on external tools and long-running signing/serialization checks	2026-02-11 11:46:16 +00:00
Juergen Kunz	ce7c11d084	v7.7.0	2026-02-11 11:24:10 +00:00
Juergen Kunz	60371e1ad5	feat(rust): add Rust-based DNS server backend with IPC management and TypeScript bridge	2026-02-11 11:24:10 +00:00
Juergen Kunz	abbb971d6a	7.6.1	2025-09-12 17:38:43 +00:00
Juergen Kunz	911a20c86d	fix(classes.dnsclient): Remove redundant DOH response parsing in getRecords to avoid duplicate processing and clean up client code	2025-09-12 17:38:43 +00:00
Juergen Kunz	1b9eefd70f	7.6.0	2025-09-12 17:32:03 +00:00
Juergen Kunz	f29962a6dc	feat(dnsserver): Return multiple matching records, improve DNSSEC RRset signing, add client resolution strategy and localhost handling, update tests	2025-09-12 17:32:03 +00:00