v1.15.0

feat(vpnserver): add nftables-backed destination policy enforcement for TUN mode
v1.14.0
2026-03-30 14:32:02 +00:00 · 2026-03-30 14:32:02 +00:00 · 2026-03-30 12:52:17 +00:00 · 2026-03-30 12:52:17 +00:00 · 2026-03-30 09:42:04 +00:00 · 2026-03-30 09:42:04 +00:00
34 changed files with 7398 additions and 1066 deletions
--- a/.smartconfig.json
+++ b/.smartconfig.json
--- a/changelog.md
+++ b/changelog.md
@@ -1,5 +1,104 @@
 # Changelog

+## 2026-03-30 - 1.15.0 - feat(vpnserver)
+add nftables-backed destination policy enforcement for TUN mode
+
+- add @push.rocks/smartnftables dependency and export it through the plugin layer
+- apply destination policy rules via nftables when starting the server in TUN mode
+- add periodic nftables health checks and best-effort cleanup on server stop
+- update documentation for destination routing policy, socket transport mode, trusted client tags, events, and service generation
+
+## 2026-03-30 - 1.14.0 - feat(nat)
+add destination routing policy support for socket-mode VPN traffic
+
+- introduce configurable destinationPolicy settings in server and TypeScript interfaces
+- apply allow, block, and forceTarget routing decisions when creating TCP and UDP NAT sessions
+- export ACL IP matching helper for destination policy evaluation
+
+## 2026-03-30 - 1.13.0 - feat(client-registry)
+separate trusted server-defined client tags from client-reported tags with legacy tag compatibility
+
+- Adds distinct serverDefinedClientTags and clientDefinedClientTags fields to client registry and TypeScript interfaces.
+- Treats legacy tags values as serverDefinedClientTags during deserialization and server-side create/update flows for backward compatibility.
+- Clarifies that only server-defined tags are trusted for access control while client-defined tags are informational only.
+
+## 2026-03-30 - 1.12.0 - feat(server)
+add optional PROXY protocol v2 headers for socket-based userspace NAT forwarding
+
+- introduce a socketForwardProxyProtocol server option in Rust and TypeScript interfaces
+- pass the new setting into the userspace NAT engine and TCP bridge tasks
+- prepend PROXY protocol v2 headers on outbound TCP connections when socket forwarding is enabled
+
+## 2026-03-30 - 1.11.0 - feat(server)
+unify WireGuard into the shared server transport pipeline
+
+- add integrated WireGuard server support to VpnServer with shared startup, shutdown, status, statistics, and peer management
+- introduce transportMode 'all' as the default and add server config support for wgPrivateKey, wgListenPort, and preconfigured peers
+- register WireGuard peers in the shared client registry and IP pool so they use the same forwarding engine, routing, and monitoring as WebSocket and QUIC clients
+- expose transportType in server client info and update TypeScript interfaces and documentation to reflect unified multi-transport forwarding
+
+## 2026-03-30 - 1.10.2 - fix(client)
+wait for the connection task to shut down cleanly before disconnecting and increase test timeout
+
+- store the spawned client connection task handle and await it during disconnect with a 5 second timeout so the disconnect frame can be sent before closing
+- increase the test script timeout from 60 seconds to 90 seconds to reduce flaky test runs
+
+## 2026-03-29 - 1.10.1 - fix(test, docs, scripts)
+correct test command verbosity, shorten load test timings, and document forwarding modes
+
+- Fixes the test script by removing the duplicated verbose flag in package.json.
+- Reduces load test delays and burst sizes to keep keepalive and connection tests faster and more stable.
+- Updates the README to describe forwardingMode options, userspace NAT support, and related configuration examples.
+
+## 2026-03-29 - 1.10.0 - feat(rust-server, rust-client, ts-interfaces)
+add configurable packet forwarding with TUN and userspace NAT modes
+
+- introduce forwardingMode options for client and server configuration interfaces
+- add server-side forwarding engines for kernel TUN, userspace socket NAT, and testing mode
+- add a smoltcp-based userspace NAT implementation for packet forwarding without root-only TUN routing
+- enable client-side TUN forwarding support with route setup, packet I/O, and cleanup
+- centralize raw packet destination IP extraction in tunnel utilities for shared routing logic
+- update test command timeout and logging flags
+
+## 2026-03-29 - 1.9.0 - feat(server)
+add PROXY protocol v2 support for real client IP handling and connection ACLs
+
+- add PROXY protocol v2 parsing for WebSocket connections, including IPv4/IPv6 support, LOCAL command handling, and header read timeout protection
+- apply server-level connection IP block lists before the Noise handshake and enforce per-client source IP allow/block lists using the resolved remote address
+- expose proxy protocol configuration and remote client address fields in Rust and TypeScript interfaces, and document reverse-proxy usage in the README
+
+## 2026-03-29 - 1.8.0 - feat(auth,client-registry)
+add Noise IK client authentication with managed client registry and per-client ACL controls
+
+- switch the native tunnel handshake from Noise NK to Noise IK and require client keypairs in client configuration
+- add server-side client registry management APIs for creating, updating, disabling, rotating, listing, and exporting client configs
+- enforce client authorization from the registry during handshake and expose authenticated client metadata in server client info
+- introduce per-client security policies with source/destination ACLs and per-client rate limit settings
+- add Rust ACL matching support for exact IPs, CIDR ranges, wildcards, and IP ranges with test coverage
+
+## 2026-03-29 - 1.7.0 - feat(rust-tests)
+add end-to-end WireGuard UDP integration tests and align TypeScript build configuration
+
+- Add userspace Rust end-to-end tests that validate WireGuard handshake, encryption, peer isolation, and preshared-key data exchange over real UDP sockets.
+- Update the TypeScript build setup by removing the allowimplicitany build flag and explicitly including Node types in tsconfig.
+- Refresh development toolchain versions to support the updated test and build workflow.
+
+## 2026-03-29 - 1.6.0 - feat(readme)
+document WireGuard transport support, configuration, and usage examples
+
+- Expand the README from dual-transport to triple-transport support by adding WireGuard alongside WebSocket and QUIC
+- Add client and server WireGuard examples, including live peer management and .conf generation with WgConfigGenerator
+- Document new WireGuard-related API methods, config fields, transport modes, and security model details
+
+## 2026-03-29 - 1.5.0 - feat(wireguard)
+add WireGuard transport support with management APIs and config generation
+
+- add Rust WireGuard module integration using boringtun and route management through client/server management handlers
+- extend TypeScript client and server configuration schemas with WireGuard-specific options and validation
+- add server-side WireGuard peer management commands including keypair generation, peer add/remove, and peer listing
+- export a WireGuard config generator for producing client and server .conf files
+- add WireGuard-focused test coverage for config validation and config generation
+
 ## 2026-03-21 - 1.4.1 - fix(readme)
 preserve markdown line breaks in feature list

--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
  "name": "@push.rocks/smartvpn",
-  "version": "1.4.1",
+  "version": "1.15.0",
  "private": false,
  "description": "A VPN solution with TypeScript control plane and Rust data plane daemon",
  "type": "module",
@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@
  "main": "dist_ts/index.js",
  "typings": "dist_ts/index.d.ts",
  "scripts": {
-    "build": "(tsbuild tsfolders --allowimplicitany) && (tsrust)",
+    "build": "(tsbuild tsfolders) && (tsrust)",
    "test:before": "(tsrust)",
-    "test": "tstest test/ --verbose",
+    "test": "tstest test/ --verbose  --logfile --timeout 90",
    "buildDocs": "tsdoc"
  },
  "repository": {
@@ -29,14 +29,15 @@
  ],
  "license": "MIT",
  "dependencies": {
+    "@push.rocks/smartnftables": "1.1.0",
    "@push.rocks/smartpath": "^6.0.0",
    "@push.rocks/smartrust": "^1.3.2"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
-    "@git.zone/tsbuild": "^4.3.0",
-    "@git.zone/tsrun": "^2.0.1",
-    "@git.zone/tsrust": "^1.3.0",
-    "@git.zone/tstest": "^3.5.0",
+    "@git.zone/tsbuild": "^4.4.0",
+    "@git.zone/tsrun": "^2.0.2",
+    "@git.zone/tsrust": "^1.3.2",
+    "@git.zone/tstest": "^3.6.3",
    "@types/node": "^25.5.0"
  },
  "files": [
--- a/pnpm-lock.yaml
+++ b/pnpm-lock.yaml
--- a/readme.md
+++ b/readme.md
--- a/readme.plan.md
+++ b/readme.plan.md
@@ -0,0 +1,253 @@
+# PROXY Protocol v2 Support for SmartVPN WebSocket Transport
+
+## Context
+
+SmartVPN's WebSocket transport is designed to sit behind reverse proxies (Cloudflare, HAProxy, SmartProxy). The recently added ACL engine has `ipAllowList`/`ipBlockList` per client, but without PROXY protocol support the server only sees the proxy's IP — not the real client's. This makes source-IP ACLs useless behind a proxy.
+
+PROXY protocol v2 solves this by letting the proxy prepend a binary header with the real client IP/port before the WebSocket upgrade.
+
+---
+
+## Design
+
+### Two-Phase ACL with Real Client IP
+
+```
+TCP accept → Read PP v2 header → Extract real IP
+  │
+  ├─ Phase 1 (pre-handshake): Check server-level connectionIpBlockList → reject early
+  │
+  ├─ WebSocket upgrade → Noise IK handshake → Client identity known
+  │
+  └─ Phase 2 (post-handshake): Check per-client ipAllowList/ipBlockList → reject if denied
+```
+
+- **Phase 1**: Server-wide block list (`connectionIpBlockList` on `IVpnServerConfig`). Rejects before any crypto work. Protects server resources.
+- **Phase 2**: Per-client ACL from `IClientSecurity.ipAllowList`/`ipBlockList`. Applied after the Noise IK handshake identifies the client.
+
+### No New Dependencies
+
+PROXY protocol v2 is a fixed-format binary header (16-byte signature + variable address block). Manual parsing (~80 lines) follows the same pattern as `codec.rs`. No crate needed.
+
+### Scope: WebSocket Only
+
+- **WebSocket**: Needs PP v2 (sits behind reverse proxies)
+- **QUIC**: Direct UDP, just use `conn.remote_address()`
+- **WireGuard**: Direct UDP, uses boringtun peer tracking
+
+---
+
+## Implementation
+
+### Phase 1: New Rust module `proxy_protocol.rs`
+
+**New file: `rust/src/proxy_protocol.rs`**
+
+PP v2 binary format:
+```
+Bytes 0-11:   Signature  \x0D\x0A\x0D\x0A\x00\x0D\x0A\x51\x55\x49\x54\x0A
+Byte 12:      Version (high nibble = 0x2) | Command (low nibble: 0x0=LOCAL, 0x1=PROXY)
+Byte 13:      Address family | Protocol (0x11 = IPv4/TCP, 0x21 = IPv6/TCP)
+Bytes 14-15:  Address data length (big-endian u16)
+Bytes 16+:    IPv4: 4 src_ip + 4 dst_ip + 2 src_port + 2 dst_port (12 bytes)
+              IPv6: 16 src_ip + 16 dst_ip + 2 src_port + 2 dst_port (36 bytes)
+```
+
+```rust
+pub struct ProxyHeader {
+    pub src_addr: SocketAddr,
+    pub dst_addr: SocketAddr,
+    pub is_local: bool,  // LOCAL command = health check probe
+}
+
+/// Read and parse a PROXY protocol v2 header from a TCP stream.
+/// Reads exactly the header bytes — the stream is clean for WS upgrade after.
+pub async fn read_proxy_header(stream: &mut TcpStream) -> Result<ProxyHeader>
+```
+
+- 5-second timeout on header read (constant `PROXY_HEADER_TIMEOUT`)
+- Validates 12-byte signature, version nibble, command type
+- Parses IPv4 and IPv6 address blocks
+- LOCAL command returns `is_local: true` (caller closes connection gracefully)
+- Unit tests: valid IPv4/IPv6 headers, LOCAL command, invalid signature, truncated data
+
+**Modify: `rust/src/lib.rs`** — add `pub mod proxy_protocol;`
+
+### Phase 2: Server config + client info fields
+
+**File: `rust/src/server.rs` — `ServerConfig`**
+
+Add:
+```rust
+/// Enable PROXY protocol v2 parsing on WebSocket connections.
+/// SECURITY: Must be false when accepting direct client connections.
+pub proxy_protocol: Option<bool>,
+/// Server-level IP block list — applied at TCP accept time, before Noise handshake.
+pub connection_ip_block_list: Option<Vec<String>>,
+```
+
+**File: `rust/src/server.rs` — `ClientInfo`**
+
+Add:
+```rust
+/// Real client IP:port (from PROXY protocol header or direct TCP connection).
+pub remote_addr: Option<String>,
+```
+
+### Phase 3: ACL helper
+
+**File: `rust/src/acl.rs`**
+
+Add a public function for the server-level pre-handshake check:
+```rust
+/// Check whether a connection source IP is in a block list.
+pub fn is_connection_blocked(ip: Ipv4Addr, block_list: &[String]) -> bool {
+    ip_matches_any(ip, block_list)
+}
+```
+
+(Keeps `ip_matches_any` private; exposes only the specific check needed.)
+
+### Phase 4: WebSocket listener integration
+
+**File: `rust/src/server.rs` — `run_ws_listener()`**
+
+Between `listener.accept()` and `transport::accept_connection()`:
+
+```rust
+// Determine real client address
+let remote_addr = if state.config.proxy_protocol.unwrap_or(false) {
+    match proxy_protocol::read_proxy_header(&mut tcp_stream).await {
+        Ok(header) if header.is_local => {
+            // Health check probe — close gracefully
+            return;
+        }
+        Ok(header) => {
+            info!("PP v2: real client {} -> {}", header.src_addr, header.dst_addr);
+            Some(header.src_addr)
+        }
+        Err(e) => {
+            warn!("PP v2 parse failed from {}: {}", tcp_addr, e);
+            return; // Drop connection
+        }
+    }
+} else {
+    Some(tcp_addr) // Direct connection — use TCP SocketAddr
+};
+
+// Pre-handshake server-level block list check
+if let (Some(ref block_list), Some(ref addr)) = (&state.config.connection_ip_block_list, &remote_addr) {
+    if let std::net::IpAddr::V4(v4) = addr.ip() {
+        if acl::is_connection_blocked(v4, block_list) {
+            warn!("Connection blocked by server IP block list: {}", addr);
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// Then proceed with WS upgrade + handle_client_connection as before
+```
+
+Key correctness note: `read_proxy_header` reads *exactly* the PP header bytes via `read_exact`. The `TcpStream` is then in a clean state for the WS HTTP upgrade. No buffered wrapper needed.
+
+### Phase 5: Update `handle_client_connection` signature
+
+**File: `rust/src/server.rs`**
+
+Change signature:
+```rust
+async fn handle_client_connection(
+    state: Arc<ServerState>,
+    mut sink: Box<dyn TransportSink>,
+    mut stream: Box<dyn TransportStream>,
+    remote_addr: Option<std::net::SocketAddr>,  // NEW
+) -> Result<()>
+```
+
+After Noise IK handshake + registry lookup (where `client_security` is available), add connection-level per-client ACL:
+
+```rust
+if let (Some(ref sec), Some(addr)) = (&client_security, &remote_addr) {
+    if let std::net::IpAddr::V4(v4) = addr.ip() {
+        if acl::is_connection_blocked(v4, sec.ip_block_list.as_deref().unwrap_or(&[])) {
+            anyhow::bail!("Client {} connection denied: source IP {} blocked", registered_client_id, addr);
+        }
+        if let Some(ref allow) = sec.ip_allow_list {
+            if !allow.is_empty() && !acl::is_ip_allowed(v4, allow) {
+                anyhow::bail!("Client {} connection denied: source IP {} not in allow list", registered_client_id, addr);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+Populate `remote_addr` when building `ClientInfo`:
+```rust
+remote_addr: remote_addr.map(|a| a.to_string()),
+```
+
+### Phase 6: QUIC listener — pass remote addr through
+
+**File: `rust/src/server.rs` — `run_quic_listener()`**
+
+QUIC doesn't use PROXY protocol. Just pass `conn.remote_address()` through:
+```rust
+let remote = conn.remote_address();
+// ...
+handle_client_connection(state, Box::new(sink), Box::new(stream), Some(remote)).await
+```
+
+### Phase 7: TypeScript interface updates
+
+**File: `ts/smartvpn.interfaces.ts`**
+
+Add to `IVpnServerConfig`:
+```typescript
+/** Enable PROXY protocol v2 on incoming WebSocket connections.
+ *  Required when behind a reverse proxy that sends PP v2 headers. */
+proxyProtocol?: boolean;
+/** Server-level IP block list — applied at TCP accept time, before Noise handshake. */
+connectionIpBlockList?: string[];
+```
+
+Add to `IVpnClientInfo`:
+```typescript
+/** Real client IP:port (from PROXY protocol or direct TCP). */
+remoteAddr?: string;
+```
+
+### Phase 8: Tests
+
+**Rust unit tests in `proxy_protocol.rs`:**
+- `parse_valid_ipv4_header` — construct a valid PP v2 header with known IPs, verify parsed correctly
+- `parse_valid_ipv6_header` — same for IPv6
+- `parse_local_command` — health check probe returns `is_local: true`
+- `reject_invalid_signature` — random bytes rejected
+- `reject_truncated_header` — short reads fail gracefully
+- `reject_v1_header` — PROXY v1 text format rejected (we only support v2)
+
+**Rust unit tests in `acl.rs`:**
+- `is_connection_blocked` with various IP patterns
+
+**TypeScript tests:**
+- Config validation accepts `proxyProtocol: true` + `connectionIpBlockList`
+
+---
+
+## Key Files to Modify
+
+| File | Changes |
+|------|---------|
+| `rust/src/proxy_protocol.rs` | **NEW** — PP v2 parser + tests |
+| `rust/src/lib.rs` | Add `pub mod proxy_protocol;` |
+| `rust/src/server.rs` | `ServerConfig` + `ClientInfo` fields, `run_ws_listener` PP integration, `handle_client_connection` signature + connection ACL, `run_quic_listener` pass-through |
+| `rust/src/acl.rs` | Add `is_connection_blocked` public function |
+| `ts/smartvpn.interfaces.ts` | `proxyProtocol`, `connectionIpBlockList`, `remoteAddr` |
+
+---
+
+## Verification
+
+1. `cargo test` — all existing 121 tests + new PP parser tests pass
+2. `pnpm test` — all 79 TS tests pass (no PP in test setup, just config validation)
+3. Manual: `socat` or test harness to send a PP v2 header before WS upgrade, verify server logs real IP
--- a/rust/Cargo.lock
+++ b/rust/Cargo.lock
@@ -46,6 +46,15 @@ dependencies = [
 "memchr",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "android_system_properties"
+version = "0.1.5"
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+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+]
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@@ -137,12 +146,30 @@ version = "1.1.2"
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+
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+
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@@ -180,12 +207,42 @@ dependencies = [
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+[[package]]
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+ "base64 0.13.1",
+ "blake2",
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+ "hex",
+ "hmac",
+ "ip_network",
+ "ip_network_table",
+ "libc",
+ "nix 0.25.1",
+ "parking_lot",
+ "rand_core 0.6.4",
+ "ring",
+ "tracing",
+ "untrusted",
+ "x25519-dalek",
+]
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+
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@@ -264,6 +321,20 @@ dependencies = [
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+[[package]]
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+ "js-sys",
+ "num-traits",
+ "serde",
+ "wasm-bindgen",
+ "windows-link",
+]
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+
 [[package]]
 name = "heck"
 version = "0.5.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "2304e00983f87ffb38b55b444b5e3b60a884b5d30c0fca7d82fe33449bbe55ea"

+[[package]]
+name = "hex"
+version = "0.4.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7f24254aa9a54b5c858eaee2f5bccdb46aaf0e486a595ed5fd8f86ba55232a70"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "hmac"
+version = "0.12.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6c49c37c09c17a53d937dfbb742eb3a961d65a994e6bcdcf37e7399d0cc8ab5e"
+dependencies = [
+ "digest",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "http"
 version = "1.4.0"
@@ -671,6 +817,30 @@ version = "1.10.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "6dbf3de79e51f3d586ab4cb9d5c3e2c14aa28ed23d180cf89b4df0454a69cc87"

+[[package]]
+name = "iana-time-zone"
+version = "0.1.65"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e31bc9ad994ba00e440a8aa5c9ef0ec67d5cb5e5cb0cc7f8b744a35b389cc470"
+dependencies = [
+ "android_system_properties",
+ "core-foundation-sys",
+ "iana-time-zone-haiku",
+ "js-sys",
+ "log",
+ "wasm-bindgen",
+ "windows-core",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "iana-time-zone-haiku"
+version = "0.1.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f31827a206f56af32e590ba56d5d2d085f558508192593743f16b2306495269f"
+dependencies = [
+ "cc",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "inout"
 version = "0.1.4"
@@ -680,6 +850,28 @@ dependencies = [
 "generic-array",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "ip_network"
+version = "0.4.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "aa2f047c0a98b2f299aa5d6d7088443570faae494e9ae1305e48be000c9e0eb1"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "ip_network_table"
+version = "0.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "4099b7cfc5c5e2fe8c5edf3f6f7adf7a714c9cc697534f63a5a5da30397cb2c0"
+dependencies = [
+ "ip_network",
+ "ip_network_table-deps-treebitmap",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "ip_network_table-deps-treebitmap"
+version = "0.5.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "8e537132deb99c0eb4b752f0346b6a836200eaaa3516dd7e5514b63930a09e5d"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "ipnet"
 version = "2.11.0"
@@ -789,6 +981,12 @@ version = "0.1.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "112b39cec0b298b6c1999fee3e31427f74f676e4cb9879ed1a121b43661a4154"

+[[package]]
+name = "managed"
+version = "0.8.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0ca88d725a0a943b096803bd34e73a4437208b6077654cc4ecb2947a5f91618d"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "matchers"
 version = "0.2.0"
@@ -824,13 +1022,25 @@ dependencies = [
 "windows-sys 0.61.2",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "nix"
+version = "0.25.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f346ff70e7dbfd675fe90590b92d59ef2de15a8779ae305ebcbfd3f0caf59be4"
+dependencies = [
+ "autocfg",
+ "bitflags 1.3.2",
+ "cfg-if",
+ "libc",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "nix"
 version = "0.30.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "74523f3a35e05aba87a1d978330aef40f67b0304ac79c1c00b294c9830543db6"
 dependencies = [
- "bitflags",
+ "bitflags 2.11.0",
 "cfg-if",
 "cfg_aliases",
 "libc",
@@ -851,6 +1061,15 @@ version = "0.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "cf97ec579c3c42f953ef76dbf8d55ac91fb219dde70e49aa4a6b7d74e9919050"

+[[package]]
+name = "num-traits"
+version = "0.2.19"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "071dfc062690e90b734c0b2273ce72ad0ffa95f0c74596bc250dcfd960262841"
+dependencies = [
+ "autocfg",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "once_cell"
 version = "1.21.3"
@@ -910,7 +1129,7 @@ version = "3.0.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "1d30c53c26bc5b31a98cd02d20f25a7c8567146caf63ed593a9d87b2775291be"
 dependencies = [
- "base64",
+ "base64 0.22.1",
 "serde_core",
 ]

@@ -969,6 +1188,28 @@ dependencies = [
 "zerocopy",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "proc-macro-error-attr2"
+version = "2.0.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "96de42df36bb9bba5542fe9f1a054b8cc87e172759a1868aa05c1f3acc89dfc5"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "proc-macro-error2"
+version = "2.0.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "11ec05c52be0a07b08061f7dd003e7d7092e0472bc731b4af7bb1ef876109802"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro-error-attr2",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "proc-macro2"
 version = "1.0.106"
@@ -1128,7 +1369,7 @@ version = "0.5.18"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ed2bf2547551a7053d6fdfafda3f938979645c44812fbfcda098faae3f1a362d"
 dependencies = [
- "bitflags",
+ "bitflags 2.11.0",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -1296,7 +1537,7 @@ version = "3.7.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "b7f4bc775c73d9a02cde8bf7b2ec4c9d12743edf609006c7facc23998404cd1d"
 dependencies = [
- "bitflags",
+ "bitflags 2.11.0",
 "core-foundation",
 "core-foundation-sys",
 "libc",
@@ -1433,11 +1674,14 @@ version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
 "anyhow",
 "async-trait",
- "base64",
+ "base64 0.22.1",
+ "boringtun",
 "bytes",
 "chacha20poly1305",
+ "chrono",
 "clap",
 "futures-util",
+ "ipnet",
 "mimalloc",
 "quinn",
 "rand 0.8.5",
@@ -1448,6 +1692,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "rustls-pki-types",
 "serde",
 "serde_json",
+ "smoltcp",
 "snow",
 "thiserror 2.0.18",
 "tokio",
@@ -1459,6 +1704,20 @@ dependencies = [
 "webpki-roots 1.0.6",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "smoltcp"
+version = "0.13.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ac729b0a77bd092a3f06ddaddc59fe0d67f48ba0de45a9abe707c2842c7f8767"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 1.3.2",
+ "byteorder",
+ "cfg-if",
+ "defmt 0.3.100",
+ "heapless",
+ "managed",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "snow"
 version = "0.9.6"
@@ -1485,6 +1744,12 @@ dependencies = [
 "windows-sys 0.60.2",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "stable_deref_trait"
+version = "1.2.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6ce2be8dc25455e1f91df71bfa12ad37d7af1092ae736f3a6cd0e37bc7810596"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "strsim"
 version = "0.11.1"
@@ -1733,7 +1998,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "ipnet",
 "libc",
 "log",
- "nix",
+ "nix 0.30.1",
 "thiserror 2.0.18",
 "tokio",
 "tokio-util",
@@ -1928,12 +2193,65 @@ dependencies = [
 "windows-sys 0.61.2",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "windows-core"
+version = "0.62.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b8e83a14d34d0623b51dce9581199302a221863196a1dde71a7663a4c2be9deb"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-implement",
+ "windows-interface",
+ "windows-link",
+ "windows-result",
+ "windows-strings",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-implement"
+version = "0.60.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "053e2e040ab57b9dc951b72c264860db7eb3b0200ba345b4e4c3b14f67855ddf"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-interface"
+version = "0.59.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3f316c4a2570ba26bbec722032c4099d8c8bc095efccdc15688708623367e358"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "windows-link"
 version = "0.2.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "f0805222e57f7521d6a62e36fa9163bc891acd422f971defe97d64e70d0a4fe5"

+[[package]]
+name = "windows-result"
+version = "0.4.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7781fa89eaf60850ac3d2da7af8e5242a5ea78d1a11c49bf2910bb5a73853eb5"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-link",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-strings"
+version = "0.5.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7837d08f69c77cf6b07689544538e017c1bfcf57e34b4c0ff58e6c2cd3b37091"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-link",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "windows-sys"
 version = "0.45.0"
@@ -2197,6 +2515,18 @@ version = "0.51.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "d7249219f66ced02969388cf2bb044a09756a083d0fab1e566056b04d9fbcaa5"

+[[package]]
+name = "x25519-dalek"
+version = "2.0.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c7e468321c81fb07fa7f4c636c3972b9100f0346e5b6a9f2bd0603a52f7ed277"
+dependencies = [
+ "curve25519-dalek",
+ "rand_core 0.6.4",
+ "serde",
+ "zeroize",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "yasna"
 version = "0.5.2"
@@ -2231,6 +2561,20 @@ name = "zeroize"
 version = "1.8.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "b97154e67e32c85465826e8bcc1c59429aaaf107c1e4a9e53c8d8ccd5eff88d0"
+dependencies = [
+ "zeroize_derive",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zeroize_derive"
+version = "1.4.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "85a5b4158499876c763cb03bc4e49185d3cccbabb15b33c627f7884f43db852e"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn",
+]

 [[package]]
 name = "zmij"
--- a/rust/Cargo.toml
+++ b/rust/Cargo.toml
@@ -34,6 +34,10 @@ rustls-pki-types = "1"
 rustls-pemfile = "2"
 webpki-roots = "1"
 mimalloc = "0.1"
+boringtun = "0.7"
+smoltcp = { version = "0.13", default-features = false, features = ["medium-ip", "proto-ipv4", "socket-tcp", "socket-udp", "alloc"] }
+chrono = { version = "0.4", features = ["serde"] }
+ipnet = "2"

 [profile.release]
 opt-level = 3
--- a/rust/src/acl.rs
+++ b/rust/src/acl.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,302 @@
+use std::net::Ipv4Addr;
+use ipnet::Ipv4Net;
+
+use crate::client_registry::ClientSecurity;
+
+/// Result of an ACL check.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum AclResult {
+    Allow,
+    DenySrc,
+    DenyDst,
+}
+
+/// Check whether a connection source IP is in a server-level block list.
+/// Used for pre-handshake rejection of known-bad IPs.
+pub fn is_connection_blocked(ip: Ipv4Addr, block_list: &[String]) -> bool {
+    ip_matches_any(ip, block_list)
+}
+
+/// Check whether a source IP is allowed by allow/block lists.
+/// Returns true if the IP is permitted (not blocked and passes allow check).
+pub fn is_source_allowed(ip: Ipv4Addr, allow_list: Option<&[String]>, block_list: Option<&[String]>) -> bool {
+    // Deny overrides allow
+    if let Some(bl) = block_list {
+        if ip_matches_any(ip, bl) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    // If allow list exists and is non-empty, IP must match
+    if let Some(al) = allow_list {
+        if !al.is_empty() && !ip_matches_any(ip, al) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    true
+}
+
+/// Check whether a packet from `src_ip` to `dst_ip` is allowed by the client's security policy.
+///
+/// Evaluation order (deny overrides allow):
+/// 1. If src_ip is in ip_block_list → DenySrc
+/// 2. If dst_ip is in destination_block_list → DenyDst
+/// 3. If ip_allow_list is non-empty and src_ip is NOT in it → DenySrc
+/// 4. If destination_allow_list is non-empty and dst_ip is NOT in it → DenyDst
+/// 5. Otherwise → Allow
+pub fn check_acl(security: &ClientSecurity, src_ip: Ipv4Addr, dst_ip: Ipv4Addr) -> AclResult {
+    // Step 1: Check source block list (deny overrides)
+    if let Some(ref block_list) = security.ip_block_list {
+        if ip_matches_any(src_ip, block_list) {
+            return AclResult::DenySrc;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Step 2: Check destination block list (deny overrides)
+    if let Some(ref block_list) = security.destination_block_list {
+        if ip_matches_any(dst_ip, block_list) {
+            return AclResult::DenyDst;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Step 3: Check source allow list (if non-empty, must match)
+    if let Some(ref allow_list) = security.ip_allow_list {
+        if !allow_list.is_empty() && !ip_matches_any(src_ip, allow_list) {
+            return AclResult::DenySrc;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Step 4: Check destination allow list (if non-empty, must match)
+    if let Some(ref allow_list) = security.destination_allow_list {
+        if !allow_list.is_empty() && !ip_matches_any(dst_ip, allow_list) {
+            return AclResult::DenyDst;
+        }
+    }
+
+    AclResult::Allow
+}
+
+/// Check if `ip` matches any pattern in the list.
+/// Supports: exact IP, CIDR notation, wildcard patterns (192.168.1.*),
+/// and IP ranges (192.168.1.1-192.168.1.100).
+pub fn ip_matches_any(ip: Ipv4Addr, patterns: &[String]) -> bool {
+    for pattern in patterns {
+        if ip_matches(ip, pattern) {
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+    false
+}
+
+/// Check if `ip` matches a single pattern.
+fn ip_matches(ip: Ipv4Addr, pattern: &str) -> bool {
+    let pattern = pattern.trim();
+
+    // CIDR notation (e.g. 192.168.1.0/24)
+    if pattern.contains('/') {
+        if let Ok(net) = pattern.parse::<Ipv4Net>() {
+            return net.contains(&ip);
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // IP range (e.g. 192.168.1.1-192.168.1.100)
+    if pattern.contains('-') {
+        let parts: Vec<&str> = pattern.splitn(2, '-').collect();
+        if parts.len() == 2 {
+            if let (Ok(start), Ok(end)) = (parts[0].trim().parse::<Ipv4Addr>(), parts[1].trim().parse::<Ipv4Addr>()) {
+                let ip_u32 = u32::from(ip);
+                return ip_u32 >= u32::from(start) && ip_u32 <= u32::from(end);
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Wildcard pattern (e.g. 192.168.1.*)
+    if pattern.contains('*') {
+        return wildcard_matches(ip, pattern);
+    }
+
+    // Exact IP match
+    if let Ok(exact) = pattern.parse::<Ipv4Addr>() {
+        return ip == exact;
+    }
+
+    false
+}
+
+/// Match an IP against a wildcard pattern like "192.168.1.*" or "10.*.*.*".
+fn wildcard_matches(ip: Ipv4Addr, pattern: &str) -> bool {
+    let ip_octets = ip.octets();
+    let pattern_parts: Vec<&str> = pattern.split('.').collect();
+    if pattern_parts.len() != 4 {
+        return false;
+    }
+    for (i, part) in pattern_parts.iter().enumerate() {
+        if *part == "*" {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if let Ok(octet) = part.parse::<u8>() {
+            if ip_octets[i] != octet {
+                return false;
+            }
+        } else {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    true
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::client_registry::{ClientRateLimit, ClientSecurity};
+
+    fn security(
+        ip_allow: Option<Vec<&str>>,
+        ip_block: Option<Vec<&str>>,
+        dst_allow: Option<Vec<&str>>,
+        dst_block: Option<Vec<&str>>,
+    ) -> ClientSecurity {
+        ClientSecurity {
+            ip_allow_list: ip_allow.map(|v| v.into_iter().map(String::from).collect()),
+            ip_block_list: ip_block.map(|v| v.into_iter().map(String::from).collect()),
+            destination_allow_list: dst_allow.map(|v| v.into_iter().map(String::from).collect()),
+            destination_block_list: dst_block.map(|v| v.into_iter().map(String::from).collect()),
+            max_connections: None,
+            rate_limit: None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn ip(s: &str) -> Ipv4Addr {
+        s.parse().unwrap()
+    }
+
+    // ── No restrictions (empty security) ────────────────────────────────
+
+    #[test]
+    fn empty_security_allows_all() {
+        let sec = security(None, None, None, None);
+        assert_eq!(check_acl(&sec, ip("1.2.3.4"), ip("5.6.7.8")), AclResult::Allow);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn empty_lists_allow_all() {
+        let sec = security(Some(vec![]), Some(vec![]), Some(vec![]), Some(vec![]));
+        assert_eq!(check_acl(&sec, ip("1.2.3.4"), ip("5.6.7.8")), AclResult::Allow);
+    }
+
+    // ── Source IP allow list ────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    #[test]
+    fn src_allow_exact_match() {
+        let sec = security(Some(vec!["10.0.0.1"]), None, None, None);
+        assert_eq!(check_acl(&sec, ip("10.0.0.1"), ip("5.6.7.8")), AclResult::Allow);
+        assert_eq!(check_acl(&sec, ip("10.0.0.2"), ip("5.6.7.8")), AclResult::DenySrc);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn src_allow_cidr() {
+        let sec = security(Some(vec!["192.168.1.0/24"]), None, None, None);
+        assert_eq!(check_acl(&sec, ip("192.168.1.50"), ip("5.6.7.8")), AclResult::Allow);
+        assert_eq!(check_acl(&sec, ip("192.168.2.1"), ip("5.6.7.8")), AclResult::DenySrc);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn src_allow_wildcard() {
+        let sec = security(Some(vec!["10.0.*.*"]), None, None, None);
+        assert_eq!(check_acl(&sec, ip("10.0.5.3"), ip("5.6.7.8")), AclResult::Allow);
+        assert_eq!(check_acl(&sec, ip("10.1.0.1"), ip("5.6.7.8")), AclResult::DenySrc);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn src_allow_range() {
+        let sec = security(Some(vec!["10.0.0.1-10.0.0.10"]), None, None, None);
+        assert_eq!(check_acl(&sec, ip("10.0.0.5"), ip("5.6.7.8")), AclResult::Allow);
+        assert_eq!(check_acl(&sec, ip("10.0.0.11"), ip("5.6.7.8")), AclResult::DenySrc);
+    }
+
+    // ── Source IP block list (deny overrides) ───────────────────────────
+
+    #[test]
+    fn src_block_overrides_allow() {
+        let sec = security(
+            Some(vec!["192.168.1.0/24"]),
+            Some(vec!["192.168.1.100"]),
+            None,
+            None,
+        );
+        assert_eq!(check_acl(&sec, ip("192.168.1.50"), ip("5.6.7.8")), AclResult::Allow);
+        assert_eq!(check_acl(&sec, ip("192.168.1.100"), ip("5.6.7.8")), AclResult::DenySrc);
+    }
+
+    // ── Destination allow list ──────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    #[test]
+    fn dst_allow_exact() {
+        let sec = security(None, None, Some(vec!["8.8.8.8", "8.8.4.4"]), None);
+        assert_eq!(check_acl(&sec, ip("10.0.0.1"), ip("8.8.8.8")), AclResult::Allow);
+        assert_eq!(check_acl(&sec, ip("10.0.0.1"), ip("1.1.1.1")), AclResult::DenyDst);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn dst_allow_cidr() {
+        let sec = security(None, None, Some(vec!["10.0.0.0/8"]), None);
+        assert_eq!(check_acl(&sec, ip("1.1.1.1"), ip("10.5.3.2")), AclResult::Allow);
+        assert_eq!(check_acl(&sec, ip("1.1.1.1"), ip("172.16.0.1")), AclResult::DenyDst);
+    }
+
+    // ── Destination block list (deny overrides) ─────────────────────────
+
+    #[test]
+    fn dst_block_overrides_allow() {
+        let sec = security(
+            None,
+            None,
+            Some(vec!["10.0.0.0/8"]),
+            Some(vec!["10.0.0.99"]),
+        );
+        assert_eq!(check_acl(&sec, ip("1.1.1.1"), ip("10.0.0.1")), AclResult::Allow);
+        assert_eq!(check_acl(&sec, ip("1.1.1.1"), ip("10.0.0.99")), AclResult::DenyDst);
+    }
+
+    // ── Combined source + destination ───────────────────────────────────
+
+    #[test]
+    fn combined_src_and_dst_filtering() {
+        let sec = security(
+            Some(vec!["192.168.1.0/24"]),
+            None,
+            Some(vec!["8.8.8.8"]),
+            None,
+        );
+        // Valid source, valid dest
+        assert_eq!(check_acl(&sec, ip("192.168.1.10"), ip("8.8.8.8")), AclResult::Allow);
+        // Invalid source
+        assert_eq!(check_acl(&sec, ip("10.0.0.1"), ip("8.8.8.8")), AclResult::DenySrc);
+        // Valid source, invalid dest
+        assert_eq!(check_acl(&sec, ip("192.168.1.10"), ip("1.1.1.1")), AclResult::DenyDst);
+    }
+
+    // ── IP matching edge cases ──────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    #[test]
+    fn wildcard_single_octet() {
+        assert!(ip_matches(ip("10.0.0.5"), "10.0.0.*"));
+        assert!(!ip_matches(ip("10.0.1.5"), "10.0.0.*"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn range_boundaries() {
+        assert!(ip_matches(ip("10.0.0.1"), "10.0.0.1-10.0.0.5"));
+        assert!(ip_matches(ip("10.0.0.5"), "10.0.0.1-10.0.0.5"));
+        assert!(!ip_matches(ip("10.0.0.6"), "10.0.0.1-10.0.0.5"));
+        assert!(!ip_matches(ip("10.0.0.0"), "10.0.0.1-10.0.0.5"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn invalid_pattern_no_match() {
+        assert!(!ip_matches(ip("10.0.0.1"), "not-an-ip"));
+        assert!(!ip_matches(ip("10.0.0.1"), "10.0.0.1/99"));
+        assert!(!ip_matches(ip("10.0.0.1"), "10.0.0"));
+    }
+}
--- a/rust/src/client.rs
+++ b/rust/src/client.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 use anyhow::Result;
 use bytes::BytesMut;
 use serde::Deserialize;
+use std::net::Ipv4Addr;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use tokio::sync::{mpsc, watch, RwLock};
 use tracing::{info, error, warn, debug};
@@ -12,6 +13,7 @@ use crate::telemetry::ConnectionQuality;
 use crate::transport;
 use crate::transport_trait::{self, TransportSink, TransportStream};
 use crate::quic_transport;
+use crate::tunnel::{self, TunConfig};

 /// Client configuration (matches TS IVpnClientConfig).
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize)]
@@ -19,6 +21,10 @@ use crate::quic_transport;
 pub struct ClientConfig {
    pub server_url: String,
    pub server_public_key: String,
+    /// Client's Noise IK static private key (base64) — required for authentication.
+    pub client_private_key: String,
+    /// Client's Noise IK static public key (base64) — for reference/display.
+    pub client_public_key: String,
    pub dns: Option<Vec<String>>,
    pub mtu: Option<u16>,
    pub keepalive_interval_secs: Option<u64>,
@@ -26,6 +32,9 @@ pub struct ClientConfig {
    pub transport: Option<String>,
    /// For QUIC: SHA-256 hash of server certificate (base64) for cert pinning.
    pub server_cert_hash: Option<String>,
+    /// Forwarding mode: "tun" (TUN device, requires root) or "testing" (no TUN).
+    /// Default: "testing".
+    pub forwarding_mode: Option<String>,
 }

 /// Client statistics.
@@ -72,6 +81,7 @@ pub struct VpnClient {
    connected_since: Arc<RwLock<Option<std::time::Instant>>>,
    quality_rx: Option<watch::Receiver<ConnectionQuality>>,
    link_health: Arc<RwLock<LinkHealth>>,
+    connection_handle: Option<tokio::task::JoinHandle<()>>,
 }

 impl VpnClient {
@@ -84,6 +94,7 @@ impl VpnClient {
            connected_since: Arc::new(RwLock::new(None)),
            quality_rx: None,
            link_health: Arc::new(RwLock::new(LinkHealth::Degraded)),
+            connection_handle: None,
        }
    }

@@ -104,11 +115,15 @@ impl VpnClient {
        let connected_since = self.connected_since.clone();
        let link_health = self.link_health.clone();

-        // Decode server public key
+        // Decode keys
        let server_pub_key = base64::Engine::decode(
            &base64::engine::general_purpose::STANDARD,
            &config.server_public_key,
        )?;
+        let client_priv_key = base64::Engine::decode(
+            &base64::engine::general_purpose::STANDARD,
+            &config.client_private_key,
+        )?;

        // Create transport based on configuration
        let (mut sink, mut stream): (Box<dyn TransportSink>, Box<dyn TransportStream>) = {
@@ -171,12 +186,12 @@ impl VpnClient {
            }
        };

-        // Noise NK handshake (client side = initiator)
+        // Noise IK handshake (client side = initiator, presents static key)
        *state.write().await = ClientState::Handshaking;
-        let mut initiator = crypto::create_initiator(&server_pub_key)?;
+        let mut initiator = crypto::create_initiator(&client_priv_key, &server_pub_key)?;
        let mut buf = vec![0u8; 65535];

-        // -> e, es
+        // -> e, es, s, ss
        let len = initiator.write_message(&[], &mut buf)?;
        let init_frame = Frame {
            packet_type: PacketType::HandshakeInit,
@@ -186,7 +201,7 @@ impl VpnClient {
        <FrameCodec as tokio_util::codec::Encoder<Frame>>::encode(&mut FrameCodec, init_frame, &mut frame_bytes)?;
        sink.send_reliable(frame_bytes.to_vec()).await?;

-        // <- e, ee
+        // <- e, ee, se
        let resp_msg = match stream.recv_reliable().await? {
            Some(data) => data,
            None => anyhow::bail!("Connection closed during handshake"),
@@ -226,6 +241,31 @@ impl VpnClient {

        info!("Connected to VPN, assigned IP: {}", assigned_ip);

+        // Optionally create TUN device for IP packet forwarding (requires root)
+        let tun_enabled = config.forwarding_mode.as_deref() == Some("tun");
+        let (tun_reader, tun_writer, tun_subnet) = if tun_enabled {
+            let client_tun_ip: Ipv4Addr = assigned_ip.parse()?;
+            let mtu = ip_info["mtu"].as_u64().unwrap_or(1420) as u16;
+            let tun_config = TunConfig {
+                name: "svpn-client0".to_string(),
+                address: client_tun_ip,
+                netmask: Ipv4Addr::new(255, 255, 255, 0),
+                mtu,
+            };
+            let tun_device = tunnel::create_tun(&tun_config)?;
+
+            // Add route for VPN subnet through the TUN device
+            let gateway_str = ip_info["gateway"].as_str().unwrap_or("10.8.0.1");
+            let gateway: Ipv4Addr = gateway_str.parse().unwrap_or(Ipv4Addr::new(10, 8, 0, 1));
+            let subnet = format!("{}/24", Ipv4Addr::from(u32::from(gateway) & 0xFFFFFF00));
+            tunnel::add_route(&subnet, &tun_config.name).await?;
+
+            let (reader, writer) = tokio::io::split(tun_device);
+            (Some(reader), Some(writer), Some(subnet))
+        } else {
+            (None, None, None)
+        };
+
        // Create adaptive keepalive monitor (use custom interval if configured)
        let ka_config = config.keepalive_interval_secs.map(|secs| {
            let mut cfg = keepalive::AdaptiveKeepaliveConfig::default();
@@ -242,7 +282,7 @@ impl VpnClient {

        // Spawn packet forwarding loop
        let assigned_ip_clone = assigned_ip.clone();
-        tokio::spawn(client_loop(
+        let join_handle = tokio::spawn(client_loop(
            sink,
            stream,
            noise_transport,
@@ -252,7 +292,11 @@ impl VpnClient {
            handle.signal_rx,
            handle.ack_tx,
            link_health,
+            tun_reader,
+            tun_writer,
+            tun_subnet,
        ));
+        self.connection_handle = Some(join_handle);

        Ok(assigned_ip_clone)
    }
@@ -262,6 +306,13 @@ impl VpnClient {
        if let Some(tx) = self.shutdown_tx.take() {
            let _ = tx.send(()).await;
        }
+        // Wait for the connection task to send the Disconnect frame and close
+        if let Some(handle) = self.connection_handle.take() {
+            let _ = tokio::time::timeout(
+                std::time::Duration::from_secs(5),
+                handle,
+            ).await;
+        }
        *self.assigned_ip.write().await = None;
        *self.connected_since.write().await = None;
        *self.state.write().await = ClientState::Disconnected;
@@ -348,8 +399,14 @@ async fn client_loop(
    mut signal_rx: mpsc::Receiver<KeepaliveSignal>,
    ack_tx: mpsc::Sender<()>,
    link_health: Arc<RwLock<LinkHealth>>,
+    mut tun_reader: Option<tokio::io::ReadHalf<tun::AsyncDevice>>,
+    mut tun_writer: Option<tokio::io::WriteHalf<tun::AsyncDevice>>,
+    tun_subnet: Option<String>,
 ) {
+    use tokio::io::{AsyncReadExt, AsyncWriteExt};
+
    let mut buf = vec![0u8; 65535];
+    let mut tun_buf = vec![0u8; 65536];

    loop {
        tokio::select! {
@@ -365,6 +422,14 @@ async fn client_loop(
                                            let mut s = stats.write().await;
                                            s.bytes_received += len as u64;
                                            s.packets_received += 1;
+                                            drop(s);
+
+                                            // Write decrypted packet to TUN device (if enabled)
+                                            if let Some(ref mut writer) = tun_writer {
+                                                if let Err(e) = writer.write_all(&buf[..len]).await {
+                                                    warn!("TUN write error: {}", e);
+                                                }
+                                            }
                                        }
                                        Err(e) => {
                                            warn!("Decrypt error: {}", e);
@@ -399,6 +464,50 @@ async fn client_loop(
                    }
                }
            }
+            // Read outbound packets from TUN and send to server (only when TUN enabled)
+            result = async {
+                match tun_reader {
+                    Some(ref mut reader) => reader.read(&mut tun_buf).await,
+                    None => std::future::pending::<std::io::Result<usize>>().await,
+                }
+            } => {
+                match result {
+                    Ok(0) => {
+                        info!("TUN device closed");
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    Ok(n) => {
+                        match noise_transport.write_message(&tun_buf[..n], &mut buf) {
+                            Ok(len) => {
+                                let frame = Frame {
+                                    packet_type: PacketType::IpPacket,
+                                    payload: buf[..len].to_vec(),
+                                };
+                                let mut frame_bytes = BytesMut::new();
+                                if <FrameCodec as tokio_util::codec::Encoder<Frame>>::encode(
+                                    &mut FrameCodec, frame, &mut frame_bytes
+                                ).is_ok() {
+                                    if sink.send_reliable(frame_bytes.to_vec()).await.is_err() {
+                                        warn!("Failed to send TUN packet to server");
+                                        break;
+                                    }
+                                    let mut s = stats.write().await;
+                                    s.bytes_sent += n as u64;
+                                    s.packets_sent += 1;
+                                }
+                            }
+                            Err(e) => {
+                                warn!("Noise encrypt error: {}", e);
+                                break;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    Err(e) => {
+                        warn!("TUN read error: {}", e);
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
            signal = signal_rx.recv() => {
                match signal {
                    Some(KeepaliveSignal::SendPing(timestamp_ms)) => {
@@ -448,6 +557,13 @@ async fn client_loop(
            }
        }
    }
+
+    // Cleanup: remove TUN route if enabled
+    if let Some(ref subnet) = tun_subnet {
+        if let Err(e) = tunnel::remove_route(subnet, "svpn-client0").await {
+            warn!("Failed to remove client TUN route: {}", e);
+        }
+    }
 }

 /// Try to connect via QUIC. Returns transport halves on success.
--- a/rust/src/client_registry.rs
+++ b/rust/src/client_registry.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,373 @@
+use anyhow::Result;
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+/// Per-client rate limiting configuration.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct ClientRateLimit {
+    pub bytes_per_sec: u64,
+    pub burst_bytes: u64,
+}
+
+/// Per-client security settings — aligned with SmartProxy's IRouteSecurity pattern.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct ClientSecurity {
+    /// Source IPs/CIDRs the client may connect FROM (empty/None = any).
+    pub ip_allow_list: Option<Vec<String>>,
+    /// Source IPs blocked — overrides ip_allow_list (deny wins).
+    pub ip_block_list: Option<Vec<String>>,
+    /// Destination IPs/CIDRs the client may reach (empty/None = all).
+    pub destination_allow_list: Option<Vec<String>>,
+    /// Destination IPs blocked — overrides destination_allow_list (deny wins).
+    pub destination_block_list: Option<Vec<String>>,
+    /// Max concurrent connections from this client.
+    pub max_connections: Option<u32>,
+    /// Per-client rate limiting.
+    pub rate_limit: Option<ClientRateLimit>,
+}
+
+/// A registered client entry — the server-side source of truth.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct ClientEntry {
+    /// Human-readable client ID (e.g. "alice-laptop").
+    pub client_id: String,
+    /// Client's Noise IK public key (base64).
+    pub public_key: String,
+    /// Client's WireGuard public key (base64) — optional.
+    pub wg_public_key: Option<String>,
+    /// Security settings (ACLs, rate limits).
+    pub security: Option<ClientSecurity>,
+    /// Traffic priority (lower = higher priority, default: 100).
+    pub priority: Option<u32>,
+    /// Whether this client is enabled (default: true).
+    pub enabled: Option<bool>,
+    /// Tags assigned by the server admin — trusted, used for access control.
+    pub server_defined_client_tags: Option<Vec<String>>,
+    /// Tags reported by the connecting client — informational only.
+    pub client_defined_client_tags: Option<Vec<String>>,
+    /// Legacy tags field — treated as serverDefinedClientTags during deserialization.
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub tags: Option<Vec<String>>,
+    /// Optional description.
+    pub description: Option<String>,
+    /// Optional expiry (ISO 8601 timestamp).
+    pub expires_at: Option<String>,
+    /// Assigned VPN IP address.
+    pub assigned_ip: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl ClientEntry {
+    /// Whether this client is considered enabled (defaults to true).
+    pub fn is_enabled(&self) -> bool {
+        self.enabled.unwrap_or(true)
+    }
+
+    /// Whether this client has expired based on current time.
+    pub fn is_expired(&self) -> bool {
+        if let Some(ref expires) = self.expires_at {
+            if let Ok(expiry) = chrono::DateTime::parse_from_rfc3339(expires) {
+                return chrono::Utc::now() > expiry;
+            }
+        }
+        false
+    }
+}
+
+/// In-memory client registry with dual-key indexing.
+pub struct ClientRegistry {
+    /// Primary index: clientId → ClientEntry
+    entries: HashMap<String, ClientEntry>,
+    /// Secondary index: publicKey (base64) → clientId (fast lookup during handshake)
+    key_index: HashMap<String, String>,
+}
+
+impl ClientRegistry {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            entries: HashMap::new(),
+            key_index: HashMap::new(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Build a registry from a list of client entries.
+    pub fn from_entries(entries: Vec<ClientEntry>) -> Result<Self> {
+        let mut registry = Self::new();
+        for mut entry in entries {
+            // Migrate legacy `tags` → `serverDefinedClientTags`
+            if entry.server_defined_client_tags.is_none() && entry.tags.is_some() {
+                entry.server_defined_client_tags = entry.tags.take();
+            }
+            registry.add(entry)?;
+        }
+        Ok(registry)
+    }
+
+    /// Add a client to the registry.
+    pub fn add(&mut self, entry: ClientEntry) -> Result<()> {
+        if self.entries.contains_key(&entry.client_id) {
+            anyhow::bail!("Client '{}' already exists", entry.client_id);
+        }
+        if self.key_index.contains_key(&entry.public_key) {
+            anyhow::bail!("Public key already registered to another client");
+        }
+        self.key_index.insert(entry.public_key.clone(), entry.client_id.clone());
+        self.entries.insert(entry.client_id.clone(), entry);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Remove a client by ID.
+    pub fn remove(&mut self, client_id: &str) -> Result<ClientEntry> {
+        let entry = self.entries.remove(client_id)
+            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow::anyhow!("Client '{}' not found", client_id))?;
+        self.key_index.remove(&entry.public_key);
+        Ok(entry)
+    }
+
+    /// Get a client by ID.
+    pub fn get_by_id(&self, client_id: &str) -> Option<&ClientEntry> {
+        self.entries.get(client_id)
+    }
+
+    /// Get a client by public key (used during IK handshake verification).
+    pub fn get_by_key(&self, public_key: &str) -> Option<&ClientEntry> {
+        let client_id = self.key_index.get(public_key)?;
+        self.entries.get(client_id)
+    }
+
+    /// Check if a public key is authorized (exists, enabled, not expired).
+    pub fn is_authorized(&self, public_key: &str) -> bool {
+        match self.get_by_key(public_key) {
+            Some(entry) => entry.is_enabled() && !entry.is_expired(),
+            None => false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Update a client entry. The closure receives a mutable reference to the entry.
+    pub fn update<F>(&mut self, client_id: &str, updater: F) -> Result<()>
+    where
+        F: FnOnce(&mut ClientEntry),
+    {
+        let entry = self.entries.get_mut(client_id)
+            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow::anyhow!("Client '{}' not found", client_id))?;
+        let old_key = entry.public_key.clone();
+        updater(entry);
+        // If public key changed, update the index
+        if entry.public_key != old_key {
+            self.key_index.remove(&old_key);
+            self.key_index.insert(entry.public_key.clone(), client_id.to_string());
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// List all client entries.
+    pub fn list(&self) -> Vec<&ClientEntry> {
+        self.entries.values().collect()
+    }
+
+    /// Rotate a client's keys. Returns the updated entry.
+    pub fn rotate_key(&mut self, client_id: &str, new_public_key: String, new_wg_public_key: Option<String>) -> Result<()> {
+        let entry = self.entries.get_mut(client_id)
+            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow::anyhow!("Client '{}' not found", client_id))?;
+        // Update key index
+        self.key_index.remove(&entry.public_key);
+        entry.public_key = new_public_key.clone();
+        entry.wg_public_key = new_wg_public_key;
+        self.key_index.insert(new_public_key, client_id.to_string());
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Number of registered clients.
+    pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
+        self.entries.len()
+    }
+
+    /// Whether the registry is empty.
+    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
+        self.entries.is_empty()
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    fn make_entry(id: &str, key: &str) -> ClientEntry {
+        ClientEntry {
+            client_id: id.to_string(),
+            public_key: key.to_string(),
+            wg_public_key: None,
+            security: None,
+            priority: None,
+            enabled: None,
+            server_defined_client_tags: None,
+            client_defined_client_tags: None,
+            tags: None,
+            description: None,
+            expires_at: None,
+            assigned_ip: None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn add_and_lookup() {
+        let mut reg = ClientRegistry::new();
+        reg.add(make_entry("alice", "key_alice")).unwrap();
+
+        assert!(reg.get_by_id("alice").is_some());
+        assert!(reg.get_by_key("key_alice").is_some());
+        assert_eq!(reg.get_by_key("key_alice").unwrap().client_id, "alice");
+        assert!(reg.get_by_id("bob").is_none());
+        assert!(reg.get_by_key("key_bob").is_none());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn reject_duplicate_id() {
+        let mut reg = ClientRegistry::new();
+        reg.add(make_entry("alice", "key1")).unwrap();
+        assert!(reg.add(make_entry("alice", "key2")).is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn reject_duplicate_key() {
+        let mut reg = ClientRegistry::new();
+        reg.add(make_entry("alice", "same_key")).unwrap();
+        assert!(reg.add(make_entry("bob", "same_key")).is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn remove_client() {
+        let mut reg = ClientRegistry::new();
+        reg.add(make_entry("alice", "key_alice")).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(reg.len(), 1);
+
+        let removed = reg.remove("alice").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(removed.client_id, "alice");
+        assert_eq!(reg.len(), 0);
+        assert!(reg.get_by_key("key_alice").is_none());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn remove_nonexistent_fails() {
+        let mut reg = ClientRegistry::new();
+        assert!(reg.remove("ghost").is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn is_authorized_enabled() {
+        let mut reg = ClientRegistry::new();
+        reg.add(make_entry("alice", "key_alice")).unwrap();
+        assert!(reg.is_authorized("key_alice")); // enabled by default
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn is_authorized_disabled() {
+        let mut reg = ClientRegistry::new();
+        let mut entry = make_entry("alice", "key_alice");
+        entry.enabled = Some(false);
+        reg.add(entry).unwrap();
+        assert!(!reg.is_authorized("key_alice"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn is_authorized_expired() {
+        let mut reg = ClientRegistry::new();
+        let mut entry = make_entry("alice", "key_alice");
+        entry.expires_at = Some("2020-01-01T00:00:00Z".to_string());
+        reg.add(entry).unwrap();
+        assert!(!reg.is_authorized("key_alice"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn is_authorized_future_expiry() {
+        let mut reg = ClientRegistry::new();
+        let mut entry = make_entry("alice", "key_alice");
+        entry.expires_at = Some("2099-01-01T00:00:00Z".to_string());
+        reg.add(entry).unwrap();
+        assert!(reg.is_authorized("key_alice"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn is_authorized_unknown_key() {
+        let reg = ClientRegistry::new();
+        assert!(!reg.is_authorized("nonexistent"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn update_client() {
+        let mut reg = ClientRegistry::new();
+        reg.add(make_entry("alice", "key_alice")).unwrap();
+
+        reg.update("alice", |entry| {
+            entry.description = Some("Updated".to_string());
+            entry.enabled = Some(false);
+        }).unwrap();
+
+        let entry = reg.get_by_id("alice").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(entry.description.as_deref(), Some("Updated"));
+        assert!(!entry.is_enabled());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn update_nonexistent_fails() {
+        let mut reg = ClientRegistry::new();
+        assert!(reg.update("ghost", |_| {}).is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn rotate_key() {
+        let mut reg = ClientRegistry::new();
+        reg.add(make_entry("alice", "old_key")).unwrap();
+
+        reg.rotate_key("alice", "new_key".to_string(), None).unwrap();
+
+        assert!(reg.get_by_key("old_key").is_none());
+        assert!(reg.get_by_key("new_key").is_some());
+        assert_eq!(reg.get_by_id("alice").unwrap().public_key, "new_key");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn from_entries() {
+        let entries = vec![
+            make_entry("alice", "key_a"),
+            make_entry("bob", "key_b"),
+        ];
+        let reg = ClientRegistry::from_entries(entries).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(reg.len(), 2);
+        assert!(reg.get_by_key("key_a").is_some());
+        assert!(reg.get_by_key("key_b").is_some());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn list_clients() {
+        let mut reg = ClientRegistry::new();
+        reg.add(make_entry("alice", "key_a")).unwrap();
+        reg.add(make_entry("bob", "key_b")).unwrap();
+        let list = reg.list();
+        assert_eq!(list.len(), 2);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn security_with_rate_limit() {
+        let mut entry = make_entry("alice", "key_alice");
+        entry.security = Some(ClientSecurity {
+            ip_allow_list: Some(vec!["192.168.1.0/24".to_string()]),
+            ip_block_list: Some(vec!["192.168.1.100".to_string()]),
+            destination_allow_list: None,
+            destination_block_list: None,
+            max_connections: Some(5),
+            rate_limit: Some(ClientRateLimit {
+                bytes_per_sec: 1_000_000,
+                burst_bytes: 2_000_000,
+            }),
+        });
+        let mut reg = ClientRegistry::new();
+        reg.add(entry).unwrap();
+        let e = reg.get_by_id("alice").unwrap();
+        let sec = e.security.as_ref().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(sec.rate_limit.as_ref().unwrap().bytes_per_sec, 1_000_000);
+        assert_eq!(sec.max_connections, Some(5));
+    }
+}
--- a/rust/src/crypto.rs
+++ b/rust/src/crypto.rs
@@ -3,8 +3,10 @@ use base64::Engine;
 use base64::engine::general_purpose::STANDARD as BASE64;
 use snow::Builder;

-/// Noise protocol pattern: NK (client knows server pubkey, no client auth at Noise level)
-const NOISE_PATTERN: &str = "Noise_NK_25519_ChaChaPoly_BLAKE2s";
+/// Noise protocol pattern: IK (client presents static key, server authenticates client)
+/// IK = Initiator's static key is transmitted; responder's Key is pre-known.
+/// This provides mutual authentication: server verifies client identity via public key.
+const NOISE_PATTERN: &str = "Noise_IK_25519_ChaChaPoly_BLAKE2s";

 /// Generate a new Noise static keypair.
 /// Returns (public_key_base64, private_key_base64).
@@ -22,18 +24,23 @@ pub fn generate_keypair_raw() -> Result<snow::Keypair> {
    Ok(builder.generate_keypair()?)
 }

-/// Create a Noise NK initiator (client side).
-/// The client knows the server's static public key.
-pub fn create_initiator(server_public_key: &[u8]) -> Result<snow::HandshakeState> {
+/// Create a Noise IK initiator (client side).
+/// The client provides its own static keypair AND the server's public key.
+/// The client's static key is transmitted (encrypted) during the handshake,
+/// allowing the server to authenticate the client.
+pub fn create_initiator(client_private_key: &[u8], server_public_key: &[u8]) -> Result<snow::HandshakeState> {
    let builder = Builder::new(NOISE_PATTERN.parse()?);
    let state = builder
+        .local_private_key(client_private_key)
        .remote_public_key(server_public_key)
        .build_initiator()?;
    Ok(state)
 }

-/// Create a Noise NK responder (server side).
+/// Create a Noise IK responder (server side).
 /// The server uses its static private key.
+/// After the handshake, call `get_remote_static()` on the HandshakeState
+/// (before `into_transport_mode()`) to retrieve the client's public key.
 pub fn create_responder(private_key: &[u8]) -> Result<snow::HandshakeState> {
    let builder = Builder::new(NOISE_PATTERN.parse()?);
    let state = builder
@@ -42,19 +49,20 @@ pub fn create_responder(private_key: &[u8]) -> Result<snow::HandshakeState> {
    Ok(state)
 }

-/// Perform the full Noise NK handshake between initiator and responder.
-/// Returns (initiator_transport, responder_transport).
+/// Perform the full Noise IK handshake between initiator and responder.
+/// Returns (initiator_transport, responder_transport, client_public_key).
+/// The client_public_key is extracted from the responder before entering transport mode.
 pub fn perform_handshake(
    mut initiator: snow::HandshakeState,
    mut responder: snow::HandshakeState,
-) -> Result<(snow::TransportState, snow::TransportState)> {
+) -> Result<(snow::TransportState, snow::TransportState, Vec<u8>)> {
    let mut buf = vec![0u8; 65535];

-    // -> e, es (initiator sends)
+    // -> e, es, s, ss (initiator sends ephemeral + encrypted static key)
    let len = initiator.write_message(&[], &mut buf)?;
    let msg1 = buf[..len].to_vec();

-    // <- e, ee (responder reads and responds)
+    // <- e, ee, se (responder reads and responds)
    responder.read_message(&msg1, &mut buf)?;
    let len = responder.write_message(&[], &mut buf)?;
    let msg2 = buf[..len].to_vec();
@@ -62,10 +70,16 @@ pub fn perform_handshake(
    // Initiator reads response
    initiator.read_message(&msg2, &mut buf)?;

+    // Extract client's public key from responder BEFORE entering transport mode
+    let client_public_key = responder
+        .get_remote_static()
+        .ok_or_else(|| anyhow::anyhow!("IK handshake did not provide client static key"))?
+        .to_vec();
+
    let i_transport = initiator.into_transport_mode()?;
    let r_transport = responder.into_transport_mode()?;

-    Ok((i_transport, r_transport))
+    Ok((i_transport, r_transport, client_public_key))
 }

 /// XChaCha20-Poly1305 encryption for post-handshake data.
@@ -135,15 +149,19 @@ mod tests {
    }

    #[test]
-    fn noise_handshake() {
+    fn noise_ik_handshake() {
        let server_kp = generate_keypair_raw().unwrap();
+        let client_kp = generate_keypair_raw().unwrap();

-        let initiator = create_initiator(&server_kp.public).unwrap();
+        let initiator = create_initiator(&client_kp.private, &server_kp.public).unwrap();
        let responder = create_responder(&server_kp.private).unwrap();

-        let (mut i_transport, mut r_transport) =
+        let (mut i_transport, mut r_transport, remote_key) =
            perform_handshake(initiator, responder).unwrap();

+        // Verify the server received the client's public key
+        assert_eq!(remote_key, client_kp.public);
+
        // Test encrypted communication
        let mut buf = vec![0u8; 65535];
        let plaintext = b"hello from client";
@@ -159,6 +177,20 @@ mod tests {
        assert_eq!(&out[..len], plaintext);
    }

+    #[test]
+    fn noise_ik_wrong_server_key_fails() {
+        let server_kp = generate_keypair_raw().unwrap();
+        let wrong_server_kp = generate_keypair_raw().unwrap();
+        let client_kp = generate_keypair_raw().unwrap();
+
+        // Client uses wrong server public key
+        let initiator = create_initiator(&client_kp.private, &wrong_server_kp.public).unwrap();
+        let responder = create_responder(&server_kp.private).unwrap();
+
+        // Handshake should fail because client targeted wrong server
+        assert!(perform_handshake(initiator, responder).is_err());
+    }
+
    #[test]
    fn xchacha_encrypt_decrypt() {
        let key = [42u8; 32];
--- a/rust/src/lib.rs
+++ b/rust/src/lib.rs
@@ -17,3 +17,8 @@ pub mod telemetry;
 pub mod ratelimit;
 pub mod qos;
 pub mod mtu;
+pub mod wireguard;
+pub mod client_registry;
+pub mod acl;
+pub mod proxy_protocol;
+pub mod userspace_nat;
--- a/rust/src/management.rs
+++ b/rust/src/management.rs
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ use tracing::{info, error, warn};
 use crate::client::{ClientConfig, VpnClient};
 use crate::crypto;
 use crate::server::{ServerConfig, VpnServer};
+use crate::wireguard::{self, WgClient, WgClientConfig, WgPeerConfig};

 // ============================================================================
 // IPC protocol types
@@ -93,6 +94,7 @@ pub async fn management_loop_stdio(mode: &str) -> Result<()> {

    let mut vpn_client = VpnClient::new();
    let mut vpn_server = VpnServer::new();
+    let mut wg_client = WgClient::new();

    send_event_stdout("ready", serde_json::json!({ "mode": mode }));

@@ -127,7 +129,7 @@ pub async fn management_loop_stdio(mode: &str) -> Result<()> {
        };

        let response = match mode {
-            "client" => handle_client_request(&request, &mut vpn_client).await,
+            "client" => handle_client_request(&request, &mut vpn_client, &mut wg_client).await,
            "server" => handle_server_request(&request, &mut vpn_server).await,
            _ => ManagementResponse::err(request.id.clone(), format!("Unknown mode: {}", mode)),
        };
@@ -150,6 +152,7 @@ pub async fn management_loop_socket(socket_path: &str, mode: &str) -> Result<()>
    // Shared state behind Mutex for socket mode (multiple connections)
    let vpn_client = std::sync::Arc::new(Mutex::new(VpnClient::new()));
    let vpn_server = std::sync::Arc::new(Mutex::new(VpnServer::new()));
+    let wg_client = std::sync::Arc::new(Mutex::new(WgClient::new()));

    loop {
        match listener.accept().await {
@@ -157,9 +160,10 @@ pub async fn management_loop_socket(socket_path: &str, mode: &str) -> Result<()>
                let mode = mode.to_string();
                let client = vpn_client.clone();
                let server = vpn_server.clone();
+                let wg_c = wg_client.clone();
                tokio::spawn(async move {
                    if let Err(e) =
-                        handle_socket_connection(stream, &mode, client, server).await
+                        handle_socket_connection(stream, &mode, client, server, wg_c).await
                    {
                        warn!("Socket connection error: {}", e);
                    }
@@ -177,6 +181,7 @@ async fn handle_socket_connection(
    mode: &str,
    vpn_client: std::sync::Arc<Mutex<VpnClient>>,
    vpn_server: std::sync::Arc<Mutex<VpnServer>>,
+    wg_client: std::sync::Arc<Mutex<WgClient>>,
 ) -> Result<()> {
    let (reader, mut writer) = stream.into_split();
    let buf_reader = BufReader::new(reader);
@@ -227,7 +232,8 @@ async fn handle_socket_connection(
        let response = match mode {
            "client" => {
                let mut client = vpn_client.lock().await;
-                handle_client_request(&request, &mut client).await
+                let mut wg_c = wg_client.lock().await;
+                handle_client_request(&request, &mut client, &mut wg_c).await
            }
            "server" => {
                let mut server = vpn_server.lock().await;
@@ -252,38 +258,79 @@ async fn handle_socket_connection(
 async fn handle_client_request(
    request: &ManagementRequest,
    vpn_client: &mut VpnClient,
+    wg_client: &mut WgClient,
 ) -> ManagementResponse {
    let id = request.id.clone();

    match request.method.as_str() {
        "connect" => {
-            let config: ClientConfig = match serde_json::from_value(
-                request.params.get("config").cloned().unwrap_or_default(),
-            ) {
-                Ok(c) => c,
-                Err(e) => {
-                    return ManagementResponse::err(id, format!("Invalid config: {}", e));
-                }
-            };
+            // Check if transport is "wireguard"
+            let transport = request.params
+                .get("config")
+                .and_then(|c| c.get("transport"))
+                .and_then(|t| t.as_str())
+                .unwrap_or("");

-            match vpn_client.connect(config).await {
-                Ok(assigned_ip) => {
-                    ManagementResponse::ok(id, serde_json::json!({ "assignedIp": assigned_ip }))
+            if transport == "wireguard" {
+                let config: WgClientConfig = match serde_json::from_value(
+                    request.params.get("config").cloned().unwrap_or_default(),
+                ) {
+                    Ok(c) => c,
+                    Err(e) => {
+                        return ManagementResponse::err(id, format!("Invalid WG config: {}", e));
+                    }
+                };
+                match wg_client.connect(config).await {
+                    Ok(assigned_ip) => {
+                        ManagementResponse::ok(id, serde_json::json!({ "assignedIp": assigned_ip }))
+                    }
+                    Err(e) => ManagementResponse::err(id, format!("WG connect failed: {}", e)),
+                }
+            } else {
+                let config: ClientConfig = match serde_json::from_value(
+                    request.params.get("config").cloned().unwrap_or_default(),
+                ) {
+                    Ok(c) => c,
+                    Err(e) => {
+                        return ManagementResponse::err(id, format!("Invalid config: {}", e));
+                    }
+                };
+                match vpn_client.connect(config).await {
+                    Ok(assigned_ip) => {
+                        ManagementResponse::ok(id, serde_json::json!({ "assignedIp": assigned_ip }))
+                    }
+                    Err(e) => ManagementResponse::err(id, format!("Connect failed: {}", e)),
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        "disconnect" => {
+            if wg_client.is_running() {
+                match wg_client.disconnect().await {
+                    Ok(()) => ManagementResponse::ok(id, serde_json::json!({})),
+                    Err(e) => ManagementResponse::err(id, format!("WG disconnect failed: {}", e)),
+                }
+            } else {
+                match vpn_client.disconnect().await {
+                    Ok(()) => ManagementResponse::ok(id, serde_json::json!({})),
+                    Err(e) => ManagementResponse::err(id, format!("Disconnect failed: {}", e)),
                }
-                Err(e) => ManagementResponse::err(id, format!("Connect failed: {}", e)),
            }
        }
-        "disconnect" => match vpn_client.disconnect().await {
-            Ok(()) => ManagementResponse::ok(id, serde_json::json!({})),
-            Err(e) => ManagementResponse::err(id, format!("Disconnect failed: {}", e)),
-        },
        "getStatus" => {
-            let status = vpn_client.get_status().await;
-            ManagementResponse::ok(id, status)
+            if wg_client.is_running() {
+                ManagementResponse::ok(id, wg_client.get_status().await)
+            } else {
+                let status = vpn_client.get_status().await;
+                ManagementResponse::ok(id, status)
+            }
        }
        "getStatistics" => {
-            let stats = vpn_client.get_statistics().await;
-            ManagementResponse::ok(id, stats)
+            if wg_client.is_running() {
+                ManagementResponse::ok(id, wg_client.get_statistics().await)
+            } else {
+                let stats = vpn_client.get_statistics().await;
+                ManagementResponse::ok(id, stats)
+            }
        }
        "getConnectionQuality" => {
            match vpn_client.get_connection_quality() {
@@ -342,16 +389,17 @@ async fn handle_server_request(
                    return ManagementResponse::err(id, format!("Invalid config: {}", e));
                }
            };
-
            match vpn_server.start(config).await {
                Ok(()) => ManagementResponse::ok(id, serde_json::json!({})),
                Err(e) => ManagementResponse::err(id, format!("Start failed: {}", e)),
            }
        }
-        "stop" => match vpn_server.stop().await {
-            Ok(()) => ManagementResponse::ok(id, serde_json::json!({})),
-            Err(e) => ManagementResponse::err(id, format!("Stop failed: {}", e)),
-        },
+        "stop" => {
+            match vpn_server.stop().await {
+                Ok(()) => ManagementResponse::ok(id, serde_json::json!({})),
+                Err(e) => ManagementResponse::err(id, format!("Stop failed: {}", e)),
+            }
+        }
        "getStatus" => {
            let status = vpn_server.get_status();
            ManagementResponse::ok(id, status)
@@ -436,6 +484,144 @@ async fn handle_server_request(
            ),
            Err(e) => ManagementResponse::err(id, format!("Keypair generation failed: {}", e)),
        },
+        "generateWgKeypair" => {
+            let (public_key, private_key) = wireguard::generate_wg_keypair();
+            ManagementResponse::ok(
+                id,
+                serde_json::json!({
+                    "publicKey": public_key,
+                    "privateKey": private_key,
+                }),
+            )
+        }
+        "addWgPeer" => {
+            let config: WgPeerConfig = match serde_json::from_value(
+                request.params.get("peer").cloned().unwrap_or_default(),
+            ) {
+                Ok(c) => c,
+                Err(e) => {
+                    return ManagementResponse::err(id, format!("Invalid peer config: {}", e));
+                }
+            };
+            match vpn_server.add_wg_peer(config).await {
+                Ok(()) => ManagementResponse::ok(id, serde_json::json!({})),
+                Err(e) => ManagementResponse::err(id, format!("Add peer failed: {}", e)),
+            }
+        }
+        "removeWgPeer" => {
+            let public_key = match request.params.get("publicKey").and_then(|v| v.as_str()) {
+                Some(k) => k.to_string(),
+                None => return ManagementResponse::err(id, "Missing publicKey".to_string()),
+            };
+            match vpn_server.remove_wg_peer(&public_key).await {
+                Ok(()) => ManagementResponse::ok(id, serde_json::json!({})),
+                Err(e) => ManagementResponse::err(id, format!("Remove peer failed: {}", e)),
+            }
+        }
+        "listWgPeers" => {
+            let peers = vpn_server.list_wg_peers().await;
+            match serde_json::to_value(&peers) {
+                Ok(v) => ManagementResponse::ok(id, serde_json::json!({ "peers": v })),
+                Err(e) => ManagementResponse::err(id, format!("Serialize error: {}", e)),
+            }
+        }
+        // ── Client Registry (Hub) Commands ────────────────────────────────
+        "createClient" => {
+            let client_partial = request.params.get("client").cloned().unwrap_or_default();
+            match vpn_server.create_client(client_partial).await {
+                Ok(bundle) => ManagementResponse::ok(id, bundle),
+                Err(e) => ManagementResponse::err(id, format!("Create client failed: {}", e)),
+            }
+        }
+        "removeClient" => {
+            let client_id = match request.params.get("clientId").and_then(|v| v.as_str()) {
+                Some(cid) => cid.to_string(),
+                None => return ManagementResponse::err(id, "Missing clientId".to_string()),
+            };
+            match vpn_server.remove_registered_client(&client_id).await {
+                Ok(()) => ManagementResponse::ok(id, serde_json::json!({})),
+                Err(e) => ManagementResponse::err(id, format!("Remove client failed: {}", e)),
+            }
+        }
+        "getClient" => {
+            let client_id = match request.params.get("clientId").and_then(|v| v.as_str()) {
+                Some(cid) => cid.to_string(),
+                None => return ManagementResponse::err(id, "Missing clientId".to_string()),
+            };
+            match vpn_server.get_registered_client(&client_id).await {
+                Ok(entry) => ManagementResponse::ok(id, entry),
+                Err(e) => ManagementResponse::err(id, format!("Get client failed: {}", e)),
+            }
+        }
+        "listRegisteredClients" => {
+            let clients = vpn_server.list_registered_clients().await;
+            match serde_json::to_value(&clients) {
+                Ok(v) => ManagementResponse::ok(id, serde_json::json!({ "clients": v })),
+                Err(e) => ManagementResponse::err(id, format!("Serialize error: {}", e)),
+            }
+        }
+        "updateClient" => {
+            let client_id = match request.params.get("clientId").and_then(|v| v.as_str()) {
+                Some(cid) => cid.to_string(),
+                None => return ManagementResponse::err(id, "Missing clientId".to_string()),
+            };
+            let update = request.params.get("update").cloned().unwrap_or_default();
+            match vpn_server.update_registered_client(&client_id, update).await {
+                Ok(()) => ManagementResponse::ok(id, serde_json::json!({})),
+                Err(e) => ManagementResponse::err(id, format!("Update client failed: {}", e)),
+            }
+        }
+        "enableClient" => {
+            let client_id = match request.params.get("clientId").and_then(|v| v.as_str()) {
+                Some(cid) => cid.to_string(),
+                None => return ManagementResponse::err(id, "Missing clientId".to_string()),
+            };
+            match vpn_server.enable_client(&client_id).await {
+                Ok(()) => ManagementResponse::ok(id, serde_json::json!({})),
+                Err(e) => ManagementResponse::err(id, format!("Enable client failed: {}", e)),
+            }
+        }
+        "disableClient" => {
+            let client_id = match request.params.get("clientId").and_then(|v| v.as_str()) {
+                Some(cid) => cid.to_string(),
+                None => return ManagementResponse::err(id, "Missing clientId".to_string()),
+            };
+            match vpn_server.disable_client(&client_id).await {
+                Ok(()) => ManagementResponse::ok(id, serde_json::json!({})),
+                Err(e) => ManagementResponse::err(id, format!("Disable client failed: {}", e)),
+            }
+        }
+        "rotateClientKey" => {
+            let client_id = match request.params.get("clientId").and_then(|v| v.as_str()) {
+                Some(cid) => cid.to_string(),
+                None => return ManagementResponse::err(id, "Missing clientId".to_string()),
+            };
+            match vpn_server.rotate_client_key(&client_id).await {
+                Ok(bundle) => ManagementResponse::ok(id, bundle),
+                Err(e) => ManagementResponse::err(id, format!("Key rotation failed: {}", e)),
+            }
+        }
+        "exportClientConfig" => {
+            let client_id = match request.params.get("clientId").and_then(|v| v.as_str()) {
+                Some(cid) => cid.to_string(),
+                None => return ManagementResponse::err(id, "Missing clientId".to_string()),
+            };
+            let format = request.params.get("format").and_then(|v| v.as_str()).unwrap_or("smartvpn");
+            match vpn_server.export_client_config(&client_id, format).await {
+                Ok(config) => ManagementResponse::ok(id, config),
+                Err(e) => ManagementResponse::err(id, format!("Export failed: {}", e)),
+            }
+        }
+        "generateClientKeypair" => match crypto::generate_keypair() {
+            Ok((public_key, private_key)) => ManagementResponse::ok(
+                id,
+                serde_json::json!({
+                    "publicKey": public_key,
+                    "privateKey": private_key,
+                }),
+            ),
+            Err(e) => ManagementResponse::err(id, format!("Keypair generation failed: {}", e)),
+        },
        _ => ManagementResponse::err(id, format!("Unknown server method: {}", request.method)),
    }
 }
--- a/rust/src/network.rs
+++ b/rust/src/network.rs
@@ -86,6 +86,16 @@ impl IpPool {
        client_id
    }

+    /// Reserve a specific IP for a client (e.g., WireGuard static IP from allowed_ips).
+    pub fn reserve(&mut self, ip: Ipv4Addr, client_id: &str) -> Result<()> {
+        if self.allocated.contains_key(&ip) {
+            anyhow::bail!("IP {} is already allocated", ip);
+        }
+        self.allocated.insert(ip, client_id.to_string());
+        info!("Reserved IP {} for client {}", ip, client_id);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
    /// Number of currently allocated IPs.
    pub fn allocated_count(&self) -> usize {
        self.allocated.len()
--- a/rust/src/proxy_protocol.rs
+++ b/rust/src/proxy_protocol.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,261 @@
+//! PROXY protocol v2 parser for extracting real client addresses
+//! when SmartVPN sits behind a reverse proxy (HAProxy, SmartProxy, etc.).
+//!
+//! Spec: <https://www.haproxy.org/download/2.9/doc/proxy-protocol.txt>
+
+use anyhow::Result;
+use std::net::{Ipv4Addr, Ipv6Addr, SocketAddr, SocketAddrV4, SocketAddrV6};
+use std::time::Duration;
+use tokio::io::AsyncReadExt;
+use tokio::net::TcpStream;
+
+/// Timeout for reading the PROXY protocol header from a new connection.
+const PROXY_HEADER_TIMEOUT: Duration = Duration::from_secs(5);
+
+/// The 12-byte PP v2 signature.
+const PP_V2_SIGNATURE: [u8; 12] = [
+    0x0D, 0x0A, 0x0D, 0x0A, 0x00, 0x0D, 0x0A, 0x51, 0x55, 0x49, 0x54, 0x0A,
+];
+
+/// Parsed PROXY protocol v2 header.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct ProxyHeader {
+    /// Real client source address.
+    pub src_addr: SocketAddr,
+    /// Proxy-to-server destination address.
+    pub dst_addr: SocketAddr,
+    /// True if this is a LOCAL command (health check probe from proxy).
+    pub is_local: bool,
+}
+
+/// Read and parse a PROXY protocol v2 header from a TCP stream.
+///
+/// Reads exactly the header bytes — the stream is in a clean state for
+/// WebSocket upgrade afterward. Returns an error on timeout, invalid
+/// signature, or malformed header.
+pub async fn read_proxy_header(stream: &mut TcpStream) -> Result<ProxyHeader> {
+    tokio::time::timeout(PROXY_HEADER_TIMEOUT, read_proxy_header_inner(stream))
+        .await
+        .map_err(|_| anyhow::anyhow!("PROXY protocol header read timed out ({}s)", PROXY_HEADER_TIMEOUT.as_secs()))?
+}
+
+async fn read_proxy_header_inner(stream: &mut TcpStream) -> Result<ProxyHeader> {
+    // Read the 16-byte fixed prefix
+    let mut prefix = [0u8; 16];
+    stream.read_exact(&mut prefix).await?;
+
+    // Validate the 12-byte signature
+    if prefix[..12] != PP_V2_SIGNATURE {
+        anyhow::bail!("Invalid PROXY protocol v2 signature");
+    }
+
+    // Byte 12: version (high nibble) | command (low nibble)
+    let version = (prefix[12] & 0xF0) >> 4;
+    let command = prefix[12] & 0x0F;
+
+    if version != 2 {
+        anyhow::bail!("Unsupported PROXY protocol version: {}", version);
+    }
+
+    // Byte 13: address family (high nibble) | protocol (low nibble)
+    let addr_family = (prefix[13] & 0xF0) >> 4;
+    let _protocol = prefix[13] & 0x0F; // 1 = STREAM (TCP)
+
+    // Bytes 14-15: address data length (big-endian)
+    let addr_len = u16::from_be_bytes([prefix[14], prefix[15]]) as usize;
+
+    // Read the address data
+    let mut addr_data = vec![0u8; addr_len];
+    if addr_len > 0 {
+        stream.read_exact(&mut addr_data).await?;
+    }
+
+    // LOCAL command (0x00) = health check, no real address
+    if command == 0x00 {
+        return Ok(ProxyHeader {
+            src_addr: SocketAddr::V4(SocketAddrV4::new(Ipv4Addr::UNSPECIFIED, 0)),
+            dst_addr: SocketAddr::V4(SocketAddrV4::new(Ipv4Addr::UNSPECIFIED, 0)),
+            is_local: true,
+        });
+    }
+
+    // PROXY command (0x01) — parse address block
+    if command != 0x01 {
+        anyhow::bail!("Unknown PROXY protocol command: {}", command);
+    }
+
+    match addr_family {
+        // AF_INET (IPv4): 4 src + 4 dst + 2 src_port + 2 dst_port = 12 bytes
+        1 => {
+            if addr_data.len() < 12 {
+                anyhow::bail!("IPv4 address block too short: {} bytes", addr_data.len());
+            }
+            let src_ip = Ipv4Addr::new(addr_data[0], addr_data[1], addr_data[2], addr_data[3]);
+            let dst_ip = Ipv4Addr::new(addr_data[4], addr_data[5], addr_data[6], addr_data[7]);
+            let src_port = u16::from_be_bytes([addr_data[8], addr_data[9]]);
+            let dst_port = u16::from_be_bytes([addr_data[10], addr_data[11]]);
+            Ok(ProxyHeader {
+                src_addr: SocketAddr::V4(SocketAddrV4::new(src_ip, src_port)),
+                dst_addr: SocketAddr::V4(SocketAddrV4::new(dst_ip, dst_port)),
+                is_local: false,
+            })
+        }
+        // AF_INET6 (IPv6): 16 src + 16 dst + 2 src_port + 2 dst_port = 36 bytes
+        2 => {
+            if addr_data.len() < 36 {
+                anyhow::bail!("IPv6 address block too short: {} bytes", addr_data.len());
+            }
+            let src_ip = Ipv6Addr::from(<[u8; 16]>::try_from(&addr_data[0..16]).unwrap());
+            let dst_ip = Ipv6Addr::from(<[u8; 16]>::try_from(&addr_data[16..32]).unwrap());
+            let src_port = u16::from_be_bytes([addr_data[32], addr_data[33]]);
+            let dst_port = u16::from_be_bytes([addr_data[34], addr_data[35]]);
+            Ok(ProxyHeader {
+                src_addr: SocketAddr::V6(SocketAddrV6::new(src_ip, src_port, 0, 0)),
+                dst_addr: SocketAddr::V6(SocketAddrV6::new(dst_ip, dst_port, 0, 0)),
+                is_local: false,
+            })
+        }
+        // AF_UNSPEC or unknown
+        _ => {
+            anyhow::bail!("Unsupported address family: {}", addr_family);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Build a PROXY protocol v2 header (for testing / proxy implementations).
+pub fn build_pp_v2_header(src: SocketAddr, dst: SocketAddr) -> Vec<u8> {
+    let mut buf = Vec::new();
+    buf.extend_from_slice(&PP_V2_SIGNATURE);
+
+    match (src, dst) {
+        (SocketAddr::V4(s), SocketAddr::V4(d)) => {
+            buf.push(0x21); // version 2 | PROXY command
+            buf.push(0x11); // AF_INET | STREAM
+            buf.extend_from_slice(&12u16.to_be_bytes()); // addr length
+            buf.extend_from_slice(&s.ip().octets());
+            buf.extend_from_slice(&d.ip().octets());
+            buf.extend_from_slice(&s.port().to_be_bytes());
+            buf.extend_from_slice(&d.port().to_be_bytes());
+        }
+        (SocketAddr::V6(s), SocketAddr::V6(d)) => {
+            buf.push(0x21); // version 2 | PROXY command
+            buf.push(0x21); // AF_INET6 | STREAM
+            buf.extend_from_slice(&36u16.to_be_bytes()); // addr length
+            buf.extend_from_slice(&s.ip().octets());
+            buf.extend_from_slice(&d.ip().octets());
+            buf.extend_from_slice(&s.port().to_be_bytes());
+            buf.extend_from_slice(&d.port().to_be_bytes());
+        }
+        _ => panic!("Mismatched address families"),
+    }
+    buf
+}
+
+/// Build a PROXY protocol v2 LOCAL header (health check probe).
+pub fn build_pp_v2_local() -> Vec<u8> {
+    let mut buf = Vec::new();
+    buf.extend_from_slice(&PP_V2_SIGNATURE);
+    buf.push(0x20); // version 2 | LOCAL command
+    buf.push(0x00); // AF_UNSPEC
+    buf.extend_from_slice(&0u16.to_be_bytes()); // no address data
+    buf
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use tokio::io::AsyncWriteExt;
+    use tokio::net::TcpListener;
+
+    /// Helper: create a TCP pair and write data to the client side, then parse from server side.
+    async fn parse_header_from_bytes(header_bytes: &[u8]) -> Result<ProxyHeader> {
+        let listener = TcpListener::bind("127.0.0.1:0").await.unwrap();
+        let addr = listener.local_addr().unwrap();
+
+        let data = header_bytes.to_vec();
+        let client_task = tokio::spawn(async move {
+            let mut client = TcpStream::connect(addr).await.unwrap();
+            client.write_all(&data).await.unwrap();
+            client // keep alive
+        });
+
+        let (mut server_stream, _) = listener.accept().await.unwrap();
+        let result = read_proxy_header(&mut server_stream).await;
+        let _client = client_task.await.unwrap();
+        result
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn parse_valid_ipv4_header() {
+        let src = "203.0.113.50:12345".parse::<SocketAddr>().unwrap();
+        let dst = "10.0.0.1:443".parse::<SocketAddr>().unwrap();
+        let header = build_pp_v2_header(src, dst);
+
+        let parsed = parse_header_from_bytes(&header).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(!parsed.is_local);
+        assert_eq!(parsed.src_addr, src);
+        assert_eq!(parsed.dst_addr, dst);
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn parse_valid_ipv6_header() {
+        let src = "[2001:db8::1]:54321".parse::<SocketAddr>().unwrap();
+        let dst = "[2001:db8::2]:443".parse::<SocketAddr>().unwrap();
+        let header = build_pp_v2_header(src, dst);
+
+        let parsed = parse_header_from_bytes(&header).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(!parsed.is_local);
+        assert_eq!(parsed.src_addr, src);
+        assert_eq!(parsed.dst_addr, dst);
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn parse_local_command() {
+        let header = build_pp_v2_local();
+        let parsed = parse_header_from_bytes(&header).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(parsed.is_local);
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn reject_invalid_signature() {
+        let mut header = build_pp_v2_local();
+        header[0] = 0xFF; // corrupt signature
+        let result = parse_header_from_bytes(&header).await;
+        assert!(result.is_err());
+        assert!(result.unwrap_err().to_string().contains("signature"));
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn reject_wrong_version() {
+        let mut header = build_pp_v2_local();
+        header[12] = 0x10; // version 1 instead of 2
+        let result = parse_header_from_bytes(&header).await;
+        assert!(result.is_err());
+        assert!(result.unwrap_err().to_string().contains("version"));
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn reject_truncated_header() {
+        // Only 10 bytes — not even the full signature
+        let result = parse_header_from_bytes(&[0x0D, 0x0A, 0x0D, 0x0A, 0x00, 0x0D, 0x0A, 0x51, 0x55, 0x49]).await;
+        assert!(result.is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn ipv4_header_is_exactly_28_bytes() {
+        let src = "1.2.3.4:80".parse::<SocketAddr>().unwrap();
+        let dst = "5.6.7.8:443".parse::<SocketAddr>().unwrap();
+        let header = build_pp_v2_header(src, dst);
+        // 12 sig + 1 ver/cmd + 1 fam/proto + 2 len + 12 addrs = 28
+        assert_eq!(header.len(), 28);
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn ipv6_header_is_exactly_52_bytes() {
+        let src = "[::1]:80".parse::<SocketAddr>().unwrap();
+        let dst = "[::2]:443".parse::<SocketAddr>().unwrap();
+        let header = build_pp_v2_header(src, dst);
+        // 12 sig + 1 ver/cmd + 1 fam/proto + 2 len + 36 addrs = 52
+        assert_eq!(header.len(), 52);
+    }
+}
--- a/rust/src/server.rs
+++ b/rust/src/server.rs
--- a/rust/src/tunnel.rs
+++ b/rust/src/tunnel.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use anyhow::Result;
-use std::net::Ipv4Addr;
+use std::net::{IpAddr, Ipv4Addr, Ipv6Addr};
 use tracing::info;

 /// Configuration for creating a TUN device.
@@ -80,6 +80,26 @@ pub fn check_tun_mtu(packet: &[u8], mtu_config: &crate::mtu::MtuConfig) -> TunMt
    }
 }

+/// Extract destination IP from a raw IP packet header.
+pub fn extract_dst_ip(packet: &[u8]) -> Option<IpAddr> {
+    if packet.is_empty() {
+        return None;
+    }
+    let version = packet[0] >> 4;
+    match version {
+        4 if packet.len() >= 20 => {
+            let dst = Ipv4Addr::new(packet[16], packet[17], packet[18], packet[19]);
+            Some(IpAddr::V4(dst))
+        }
+        6 if packet.len() >= 40 => {
+            let mut octets = [0u8; 16];
+            octets.copy_from_slice(&packet[24..40]);
+            Some(IpAddr::V6(Ipv6Addr::from(octets)))
+        }
+        _ => None,
+    }
+}
+
 /// Remove a route.
 pub async fn remove_route(subnet: &str, device_name: &str) -> Result<()> {
    let output = tokio::process::Command::new("ip")
--- a/rust/src/userspace_nat.rs
+++ b/rust/src/userspace_nat.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,720 @@
+use std::collections::{HashMap, VecDeque};
+use std::net::{Ipv4Addr, SocketAddr};
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+use anyhow::Result;
+use smoltcp::iface::{Config, Interface, SocketHandle, SocketSet};
+use smoltcp::phy::{self, Device, DeviceCapabilities, Medium};
+use smoltcp::socket::{tcp, udp};
+use smoltcp::wire::{HardwareAddress, IpAddress, IpCidr, IpEndpoint};
+use tokio::io::{AsyncReadExt, AsyncWriteExt};
+use tokio::net::{TcpStream, UdpSocket};
+use tokio::sync::mpsc;
+use tracing::{debug, info, warn};
+
+use crate::acl;
+use crate::server::{DestinationPolicyConfig, ServerState};
+use crate::tunnel;
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Virtual IP device for smoltcp
+// ============================================================================
+
+pub struct VirtualIpDevice {
+    rx_queue: VecDeque<Vec<u8>>,
+    tx_queue: VecDeque<Vec<u8>>,
+    mtu: usize,
+}
+
+impl VirtualIpDevice {
+    pub fn new(mtu: usize) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            rx_queue: VecDeque::new(),
+            tx_queue: VecDeque::new(),
+            mtu,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn inject_packet(&mut self, packet: Vec<u8>) {
+        self.rx_queue.push_back(packet);
+    }
+
+    pub fn drain_tx(&mut self) -> impl Iterator<Item = Vec<u8>> + '_ {
+        self.tx_queue.drain(..)
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct VirtualRxToken {
+    buffer: Vec<u8>,
+}
+
+impl phy::RxToken for VirtualRxToken {
+    fn consume<R, F>(self, f: F) -> R
+    where
+        F: FnOnce(&[u8]) -> R,
+    {
+        f(&self.buffer)
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct VirtualTxToken<'a> {
+    queue: &'a mut VecDeque<Vec<u8>>,
+}
+
+impl<'a> phy::TxToken for VirtualTxToken<'a> {
+    fn consume<R, F>(self, len: usize, f: F) -> R
+    where
+        F: FnOnce(&mut [u8]) -> R,
+    {
+        let mut buffer = vec![0u8; len];
+        let result = f(&mut buffer);
+        self.queue.push_back(buffer);
+        result
+    }
+}
+
+impl Device for VirtualIpDevice {
+    type RxToken<'a> = VirtualRxToken;
+    type TxToken<'a> = VirtualTxToken<'a>;
+
+    fn receive(
+        &mut self,
+        _timestamp: smoltcp::time::Instant,
+    ) -> Option<(Self::RxToken<'_>, Self::TxToken<'_>)> {
+        self.rx_queue.pop_front().map(|buffer| {
+            let rx = VirtualRxToken { buffer };
+            let tx = VirtualTxToken {
+                queue: &mut self.tx_queue,
+            };
+            (rx, tx)
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn transmit(&mut self, _timestamp: smoltcp::time::Instant) -> Option<Self::TxToken<'_>> {
+        Some(VirtualTxToken {
+            queue: &mut self.tx_queue,
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn capabilities(&self) -> DeviceCapabilities {
+        let mut caps = DeviceCapabilities::default();
+        caps.medium = Medium::Ip;
+        caps.max_transmission_unit = self.mtu;
+        caps.max_burst_size = Some(1);
+        caps
+    }
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Session tracking
+// ============================================================================
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Hash, Eq, PartialEq)]
+struct SessionKey {
+    src_ip: Ipv4Addr,
+    src_port: u16,
+    dst_ip: Ipv4Addr,
+    dst_port: u16,
+    protocol: u8,
+}
+
+struct TcpSession {
+    smoltcp_handle: SocketHandle,
+    bridge_data_tx: mpsc::Sender<Vec<u8>>,
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    client_ip: Ipv4Addr,
+}
+
+struct UdpSession {
+    smoltcp_handle: SocketHandle,
+    bridge_data_tx: mpsc::Sender<Vec<u8>>,
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    client_ip: Ipv4Addr,
+    last_activity: tokio::time::Instant,
+}
+
+enum BridgeMessage {
+    TcpData { key: SessionKey, data: Vec<u8> },
+    TcpClosed { key: SessionKey },
+    UdpData { key: SessionKey, data: Vec<u8> },
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// IP packet parsing helpers
+// ============================================================================
+
+fn parse_ipv4_header(packet: &[u8]) -> Option<(u8, Ipv4Addr, Ipv4Addr, u8)> {
+    if packet.len() < 20 {
+        return None;
+    }
+    let version = packet[0] >> 4;
+    if version != 4 {
+        return None;
+    }
+    let ihl = (packet[0] & 0x0F) as usize * 4;
+    let protocol = packet[9];
+    let src = Ipv4Addr::new(packet[12], packet[13], packet[14], packet[15]);
+    let dst = Ipv4Addr::new(packet[16], packet[17], packet[18], packet[19]);
+    Some((ihl as u8, src, dst, protocol))
+}
+
+fn parse_tcp_ports(packet: &[u8], ihl: usize) -> Option<(u16, u16, u8)> {
+    if packet.len() < ihl + 14 {
+        return None;
+    }
+    let src_port = u16::from_be_bytes([packet[ihl], packet[ihl + 1]]);
+    let dst_port = u16::from_be_bytes([packet[ihl + 2], packet[ihl + 3]]);
+    let flags = packet[ihl + 13];
+    Some((src_port, dst_port, flags))
+}
+
+fn parse_udp_ports(packet: &[u8], ihl: usize) -> Option<(u16, u16)> {
+    if packet.len() < ihl + 4 {
+        return None;
+    }
+    let src_port = u16::from_be_bytes([packet[ihl], packet[ihl + 1]]);
+    let dst_port = u16::from_be_bytes([packet[ihl + 2], packet[ihl + 3]]);
+    Some((src_port, dst_port))
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// NAT Engine
+// ============================================================================
+
+pub struct NatEngine {
+    device: VirtualIpDevice,
+    iface: Interface,
+    sockets: SocketSet<'static>,
+    tcp_sessions: HashMap<SessionKey, TcpSession>,
+    udp_sessions: HashMap<SessionKey, UdpSession>,
+    state: Arc<ServerState>,
+    bridge_rx: mpsc::Receiver<BridgeMessage>,
+    bridge_tx: mpsc::Sender<BridgeMessage>,
+    start_time: std::time::Instant,
+    /// When true, outbound TCP connections prepend PROXY protocol v2 headers
+    /// with the VPN client's tunnel IP as source address.
+    proxy_protocol: bool,
+    /// Destination routing policy: forceTarget, block, or allow.
+    destination_policy: Option<DestinationPolicyConfig>,
+}
+
+/// Result of destination policy evaluation.
+enum DestinationAction {
+    /// Connect to the original destination.
+    PassThrough(SocketAddr),
+    /// Redirect to a target IP, preserving original port.
+    ForceTarget(SocketAddr),
+    /// Drop the packet silently.
+    Drop,
+}
+
+impl NatEngine {
+    pub fn new(gateway_ip: Ipv4Addr, mtu: usize, state: Arc<ServerState>, proxy_protocol: bool, destination_policy: Option<DestinationPolicyConfig>) -> Self {
+        let mut device = VirtualIpDevice::new(mtu);
+        let config = Config::new(HardwareAddress::Ip);
+        let now = smoltcp::time::Instant::from_millis(0);
+        let mut iface = Interface::new(config, &mut device, now);
+
+        // Accept packets to ANY destination IP (essential for NAT)
+        iface.set_any_ip(true);
+
+        // Assign the gateway IP as the interface address
+        iface.update_ip_addrs(|addrs| {
+            addrs
+                .push(IpCidr::new(IpAddress::Ipv4(gateway_ip.into()), 24))
+                .unwrap();
+        });
+
+        // Add a default route so smoltcp knows where to send packets
+        iface.routes_mut().add_default_ipv4_route(gateway_ip.into()).unwrap();
+
+        let sockets = SocketSet::new(Vec::with_capacity(256));
+        let (bridge_tx, bridge_rx) = mpsc::channel(4096);
+
+        Self {
+            device,
+            iface,
+            sockets,
+            tcp_sessions: HashMap::new(),
+            udp_sessions: HashMap::new(),
+            state,
+            bridge_rx,
+            bridge_tx,
+            start_time: std::time::Instant::now(),
+            proxy_protocol,
+            destination_policy,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn smoltcp_now(&self) -> smoltcp::time::Instant {
+        smoltcp::time::Instant::from_millis(self.start_time.elapsed().as_millis() as i64)
+    }
+
+    /// Evaluate destination policy for a packet's destination IP.
+    fn evaluate_destination(&self, dst_ip: Ipv4Addr, dst_port: u16) -> DestinationAction {
+        let policy = match &self.destination_policy {
+            Some(p) => p,
+            None => return DestinationAction::PassThrough(SocketAddr::new(dst_ip.into(), dst_port)),
+        };
+
+        // 1. Block list wins (deny overrides allow)
+        if let Some(ref block_list) = policy.block_list {
+            if !block_list.is_empty() && acl::ip_matches_any(dst_ip, block_list) {
+                return DestinationAction::Drop;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // 2. Allow list — pass through directly
+        if let Some(ref allow_list) = policy.allow_list {
+            if !allow_list.is_empty() && acl::ip_matches_any(dst_ip, allow_list) {
+                return DestinationAction::PassThrough(SocketAddr::new(dst_ip.into(), dst_port));
+            }
+        }
+
+        // 3. Default action
+        match policy.default.as_str() {
+            "forceTarget" => {
+                let target_ip = policy.target.as_deref()
+                    .and_then(|t| t.parse::<Ipv4Addr>().ok())
+                    .unwrap_or(Ipv4Addr::LOCALHOST);
+                DestinationAction::ForceTarget(SocketAddr::new(target_ip.into(), dst_port))
+            }
+            "block" => DestinationAction::Drop,
+            _ => DestinationAction::PassThrough(SocketAddr::new(dst_ip.into(), dst_port)),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Inject a raw IP packet from a VPN client and handle new session creation.
+    fn inject_packet(&mut self, packet: Vec<u8>) {
+        let Some((ihl, src_ip, dst_ip, protocol)) = parse_ipv4_header(&packet) else {
+            return;
+        };
+        let ihl = ihl as usize;
+
+        match protocol {
+            6 => {
+                // TCP
+                let Some((src_port, dst_port, flags)) = parse_tcp_ports(&packet, ihl) else {
+                    return;
+                };
+                let key = SessionKey {
+                    src_ip,
+                    src_port,
+                    dst_ip,
+                    dst_port,
+                    protocol: 6,
+                };
+
+                // SYN without ACK = new connection
+                let is_syn = (flags & 0x02) != 0 && (flags & 0x10) == 0;
+                if is_syn && !self.tcp_sessions.contains_key(&key) {
+                    match self.evaluate_destination(dst_ip, dst_port) {
+                        DestinationAction::Drop => {
+                            debug!("NAT: destination policy blocked TCP {}:{} -> {}:{}", src_ip, src_port, dst_ip, dst_port);
+                            return;
+                        }
+                        DestinationAction::PassThrough(addr) => self.create_tcp_session(&key, addr),
+                        DestinationAction::ForceTarget(addr) => self.create_tcp_session(&key, addr),
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            17 => {
+                // UDP
+                let Some((src_port, dst_port)) = parse_udp_ports(&packet, ihl) else {
+                    return;
+                };
+                let key = SessionKey {
+                    src_ip,
+                    src_port,
+                    dst_ip,
+                    dst_port,
+                    protocol: 17,
+                };
+
+                if !self.udp_sessions.contains_key(&key) {
+                    match self.evaluate_destination(dst_ip, dst_port) {
+                        DestinationAction::Drop => {
+                            debug!("NAT: destination policy blocked UDP {}:{} -> {}:{}", src_ip, src_port, dst_ip, dst_port);
+                            return;
+                        }
+                        DestinationAction::PassThrough(addr) => self.create_udp_session(&key, addr),
+                        DestinationAction::ForceTarget(addr) => self.create_udp_session(&key, addr),
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Update last_activity for existing sessions
+                if let Some(session) = self.udp_sessions.get_mut(&key) {
+                    session.last_activity = tokio::time::Instant::now();
+                }
+            }
+            _ => {
+                // ICMP and other protocols — not forwarded in socket mode
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        self.device.inject_packet(packet);
+    }
+
+    fn create_tcp_session(&mut self, key: &SessionKey, connect_addr: SocketAddr) {
+        // Create smoltcp TCP socket
+        let tcp_rx_buf = tcp::SocketBuffer::new(vec![0u8; 65535]);
+        let tcp_tx_buf = tcp::SocketBuffer::new(vec![0u8; 65535]);
+        let mut socket = tcp::Socket::new(tcp_rx_buf, tcp_tx_buf);
+
+        // Listen on the destination address so smoltcp accepts the SYN
+        let endpoint = IpEndpoint::new(
+            IpAddress::Ipv4(key.dst_ip.into()),
+            key.dst_port,
+        );
+        if socket.listen(endpoint).is_err() {
+            warn!("NAT: failed to listen on {:?}", endpoint);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        let handle = self.sockets.add(socket);
+
+        // Channel for sending data from NAT engine to bridge task
+        let (data_tx, data_rx) = mpsc::channel::<Vec<u8>>(256);
+
+        let session = TcpSession {
+            smoltcp_handle: handle,
+            bridge_data_tx: data_tx,
+            client_ip: key.src_ip,
+        };
+        self.tcp_sessions.insert(key.clone(), session);
+
+        // Spawn bridge task that connects to the resolved destination
+        let bridge_tx = self.bridge_tx.clone();
+        let key_clone = key.clone();
+        let proxy_protocol = self.proxy_protocol;
+        tokio::spawn(async move {
+            tcp_bridge_task(key_clone, data_rx, bridge_tx, proxy_protocol, connect_addr).await;
+        });
+
+        debug!(
+            "NAT: new TCP session {}:{} -> {}:{}",
+            key.src_ip, key.src_port, key.dst_ip, key.dst_port
+        );
+    }
+
+    fn create_udp_session(&mut self, key: &SessionKey, connect_addr: SocketAddr) {
+        // Create smoltcp UDP socket
+        let udp_rx_buf = udp::PacketBuffer::new(
+            vec![udp::PacketMetadata::EMPTY; 32],
+            vec![0u8; 65535],
+        );
+        let udp_tx_buf = udp::PacketBuffer::new(
+            vec![udp::PacketMetadata::EMPTY; 32],
+            vec![0u8; 65535],
+        );
+        let mut socket = udp::Socket::new(udp_rx_buf, udp_tx_buf);
+
+        let endpoint = IpEndpoint::new(
+            IpAddress::Ipv4(key.dst_ip.into()),
+            key.dst_port,
+        );
+        if socket.bind(endpoint).is_err() {
+            warn!("NAT: failed to bind UDP on {:?}", endpoint);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        let handle = self.sockets.add(socket);
+
+        let (data_tx, data_rx) = mpsc::channel::<Vec<u8>>(256);
+
+        let session = UdpSession {
+            smoltcp_handle: handle,
+            bridge_data_tx: data_tx,
+            client_ip: key.src_ip,
+            last_activity: tokio::time::Instant::now(),
+        };
+        self.udp_sessions.insert(key.clone(), session);
+
+        let bridge_tx = self.bridge_tx.clone();
+        let key_clone = key.clone();
+        tokio::spawn(async move {
+            udp_bridge_task(key_clone, data_rx, bridge_tx, connect_addr).await;
+        });
+
+        debug!(
+            "NAT: new UDP session {}:{} -> {}:{}",
+            key.src_ip, key.src_port, key.dst_ip, key.dst_port
+        );
+    }
+
+    /// Poll smoltcp, bridge data between smoltcp sockets and bridge tasks,
+    /// and dispatch outgoing packets to VPN clients.
+    async fn process(&mut self) {
+        let now = self.smoltcp_now();
+        self.iface
+            .poll(now, &mut self.device, &mut self.sockets);
+
+        // Bridge: read data from smoltcp TCP sockets → send to bridge tasks
+        let mut closed_tcp: Vec<SessionKey> = Vec::new();
+        for (key, session) in &self.tcp_sessions {
+            let socket = self.sockets.get_mut::<tcp::Socket>(session.smoltcp_handle);
+            if socket.can_recv() {
+                let _ = socket.recv(|data| {
+                    let _ = session.bridge_data_tx.try_send(data.to_vec());
+                    (data.len(), ())
+                });
+            }
+            // Detect closed connections
+            if !socket.is_open() && !socket.is_listening() {
+                closed_tcp.push(key.clone());
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Clean up closed TCP sessions
+        for key in closed_tcp {
+            if let Some(session) = self.tcp_sessions.remove(&key) {
+                self.sockets.remove(session.smoltcp_handle);
+                debug!("NAT: TCP session closed {}:{} -> {}:{}", key.src_ip, key.src_port, key.dst_ip, key.dst_port);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Bridge: read data from smoltcp UDP sockets → send to bridge tasks
+        for (_key, session) in &self.udp_sessions {
+            let socket = self.sockets.get_mut::<udp::Socket>(session.smoltcp_handle);
+            while let Ok((data, _meta)) = socket.recv() {
+                let _ = session.bridge_data_tx.try_send(data.to_vec());
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Dispatch outgoing packets from smoltcp to VPN clients
+        let routes = self.state.tun_routes.read().await;
+        for packet in self.device.drain_tx() {
+            if let Some(std::net::IpAddr::V4(dst_ip)) = tunnel::extract_dst_ip(&packet) {
+                if let Some(sender) = routes.get(&dst_ip) {
+                    let _ = sender.try_send(packet);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn handle_bridge_message(&mut self, msg: BridgeMessage) {
+        match msg {
+            BridgeMessage::TcpData { key, data } => {
+                if let Some(session) = self.tcp_sessions.get(&key) {
+                    let socket =
+                        self.sockets.get_mut::<tcp::Socket>(session.smoltcp_handle);
+                    if socket.can_send() {
+                        let _ = socket.send_slice(&data);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            BridgeMessage::TcpClosed { key } => {
+                if let Some(session) = self.tcp_sessions.remove(&key) {
+                    let socket =
+                        self.sockets.get_mut::<tcp::Socket>(session.smoltcp_handle);
+                    socket.close();
+                    // Don't remove from SocketSet yet — let smoltcp send FIN
+                    // It will be cleaned up in process() when is_open() returns false
+                    self.tcp_sessions.insert(key, session);
+                }
+            }
+            BridgeMessage::UdpData { key, data } => {
+                if let Some(session) = self.udp_sessions.get_mut(&key) {
+                    session.last_activity = tokio::time::Instant::now();
+                    let socket =
+                        self.sockets.get_mut::<udp::Socket>(session.smoltcp_handle);
+                    let dst_endpoint = IpEndpoint::new(
+                        IpAddress::Ipv4(key.src_ip.into()),
+                        key.src_port,
+                    );
+                    // Send response: from the "server" (dst) back to the "client" (src)
+                    let _ = socket.send_slice(&data, dst_endpoint);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn cleanup_idle_udp_sessions(&mut self) {
+        let timeout = Duration::from_secs(60);
+        let now = tokio::time::Instant::now();
+        let expired: Vec<SessionKey> = self
+            .udp_sessions
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|(_, s)| now.duration_since(s.last_activity) > timeout)
+            .map(|(k, _)| k.clone())
+            .collect();
+
+        for key in expired {
+            if let Some(session) = self.udp_sessions.remove(&key) {
+                self.sockets.remove(session.smoltcp_handle);
+                debug!(
+                    "NAT: UDP session timed out {}:{} -> {}:{}",
+                    key.src_ip, key.src_port, key.dst_ip, key.dst_port
+                );
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Main async event loop for the NAT engine.
+    pub async fn run(
+        mut self,
+        mut packet_rx: mpsc::Receiver<Vec<u8>>,
+        mut shutdown_rx: mpsc::Receiver<()>,
+    ) -> Result<()> {
+        info!("Userspace NAT engine started");
+        let mut timer = tokio::time::interval(Duration::from_millis(50));
+        let mut cleanup_timer = tokio::time::interval(Duration::from_secs(10));
+
+        loop {
+            tokio::select! {
+                Some(packet) = packet_rx.recv() => {
+                    self.inject_packet(packet);
+                    self.process().await;
+                }
+                Some(msg) = self.bridge_rx.recv() => {
+                    self.handle_bridge_message(msg);
+                    self.process().await;
+                }
+                _ = timer.tick() => {
+                    // Periodic poll for smoltcp maintenance (TCP retransmit, etc.)
+                    self.process().await;
+                }
+                _ = cleanup_timer.tick() => {
+                    self.cleanup_idle_udp_sessions();
+                }
+                _ = shutdown_rx.recv() => {
+                    info!("Userspace NAT engine shutting down");
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Bridge tasks
+// ============================================================================
+
+async fn tcp_bridge_task(
+    key: SessionKey,
+    mut data_rx: mpsc::Receiver<Vec<u8>>,
+    bridge_tx: mpsc::Sender<BridgeMessage>,
+    proxy_protocol: bool,
+    connect_addr: SocketAddr,
+) {
+    // Connect to resolved destination (may differ from key.dst_ip if policy rewrote it)
+    let stream = match tokio::time::timeout(Duration::from_secs(30), TcpStream::connect(connect_addr)).await
+    {
+        Ok(Ok(s)) => s,
+        Ok(Err(e)) => {
+            debug!("NAT TCP connect to {} failed: {}", connect_addr, e);
+            let _ = bridge_tx.send(BridgeMessage::TcpClosed { key }).await;
+            return;
+        }
+        Err(_) => {
+            debug!("NAT TCP connect to {} timed out", connect_addr);
+            let _ = bridge_tx.send(BridgeMessage::TcpClosed { key }).await;
+            return;
+        }
+    };
+
+    let (mut reader, mut writer) = stream.into_split();
+
+    // Send PROXY protocol v2 header with VPN client's tunnel IP as source
+    if proxy_protocol {
+        let src = SocketAddr::new(key.src_ip.into(), key.src_port);
+        let dst = SocketAddr::new(key.dst_ip.into(), key.dst_port);
+        let pp_header = crate::proxy_protocol::build_pp_v2_header(src, dst);
+        if let Err(e) = writer.write_all(&pp_header).await {
+            debug!("NAT: failed to send PP v2 header to {}: {}", connect_addr, e);
+            let _ = bridge_tx.send(BridgeMessage::TcpClosed { key }).await;
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Read from real socket → send to NAT engine
+    let bridge_tx2 = bridge_tx.clone();
+    let key2 = key.clone();
+    let read_task = tokio::spawn(async move {
+        let mut buf = vec![0u8; 65536];
+        loop {
+            match reader.read(&mut buf).await {
+                Ok(0) => break,
+                Ok(n) => {
+                    if bridge_tx2
+                        .send(BridgeMessage::TcpData {
+                            key: key2.clone(),
+                            data: buf[..n].to_vec(),
+                        })
+                        .await
+                        .is_err()
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+                Err(_) => break,
+            }
+        }
+        let _ = bridge_tx2
+            .send(BridgeMessage::TcpClosed { key: key2 })
+            .await;
+    });
+
+    // Receive from NAT engine → write to real socket
+    while let Some(data) = data_rx.recv().await {
+        if writer.write_all(&data).await.is_err() {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    read_task.abort();
+}
+
+async fn udp_bridge_task(
+    key: SessionKey,
+    mut data_rx: mpsc::Receiver<Vec<u8>>,
+    bridge_tx: mpsc::Sender<BridgeMessage>,
+    connect_addr: SocketAddr,
+) {
+    let socket = match UdpSocket::bind("0.0.0.0:0").await {
+        Ok(s) => s,
+        Err(e) => {
+            warn!("NAT UDP bind failed: {}", e);
+            return;
+        }
+    };
+    let dest = connect_addr;
+
+    let socket = Arc::new(socket);
+    let socket2 = socket.clone();
+    let bridge_tx2 = bridge_tx.clone();
+    let key2 = key.clone();
+
+    // Read responses from real socket
+    let read_task = tokio::spawn(async move {
+        let mut buf = vec![0u8; 65536];
+        loop {
+            match socket2.recv_from(&mut buf).await {
+                Ok((n, _src)) => {
+                    if bridge_tx2
+                        .send(BridgeMessage::UdpData {
+                            key: key2.clone(),
+                            data: buf[..n].to_vec(),
+                        })
+                        .await
+                        .is_err()
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+                Err(_) => break,
+            }
+        }
+    });
+
+    // Forward data from NAT engine to real socket
+    while let Some(data) = data_rx.recv().await {
+        let _ = socket.send_to(&data, dest).await;
+    }
+
+    read_task.abort();
+}
--- a/rust/src/wireguard.rs
+++ b/rust/src/wireguard.rs
--- a/rust/tests/wg_e2e.rs
+++ b/rust/tests/wg_e2e.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,320 @@
+//! End-to-end WireGuard protocol tests over real UDP sockets.
+//!
+//! Entirely userspace — no root, no TUN devices.
+//! Two boringtun `Tunn` instances exchange real WireGuard packets
+//! over loopback UDP, validating handshake, encryption, and data flow.
+
+use std::net::{Ipv4Addr, SocketAddr};
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+use boringtun::noise::{Tunn, TunnResult};
+use boringtun::x25519::{PublicKey, StaticSecret};
+use tokio::net::UdpSocket;
+use tokio::time;
+
+use base64::engine::general_purpose::STANDARD as BASE64;
+use base64::Engine;
+
+use smartvpn_daemon::wireguard::generate_wg_keypair;
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Helpers
+// ============================================================================
+
+fn parse_key_pair(pub_b64: &str, priv_b64: &str) -> (PublicKey, StaticSecret) {
+    let pub_bytes: [u8; 32] = BASE64.decode(pub_b64).unwrap().try_into().unwrap();
+    let priv_bytes: [u8; 32] = BASE64.decode(priv_b64).unwrap().try_into().unwrap();
+    (PublicKey::from(pub_bytes), StaticSecret::from(priv_bytes))
+}
+
+fn clone_secret(priv_b64: &str) -> StaticSecret {
+    let priv_bytes: [u8; 32] = BASE64.decode(priv_b64).unwrap().try_into().unwrap();
+    StaticSecret::from(priv_bytes)
+}
+
+fn make_ipv4_packet(src: Ipv4Addr, dst: Ipv4Addr, payload: &[u8]) -> Vec<u8> {
+    let total_len = 20 + payload.len();
+    let mut pkt = vec![0u8; total_len];
+    pkt[0] = 0x45;
+    pkt[2] = (total_len >> 8) as u8;
+    pkt[3] = total_len as u8;
+    pkt[9] = 0x11;
+    pkt[12..16].copy_from_slice(&src.octets());
+    pkt[16..20].copy_from_slice(&dst.octets());
+    pkt[20..].copy_from_slice(payload);
+    pkt
+}
+
+/// Send any WriteToNetwork result, then drain the tunn for more packets.
+async fn send_and_drain(
+    tunn: &mut Tunn,
+    pkt: &[u8],
+    socket: &UdpSocket,
+    peer: SocketAddr,
+) {
+    socket.send_to(pkt, peer).await.unwrap();
+    let mut drain_buf = vec![0u8; 2048];
+    loop {
+        match tunn.decapsulate(None, &[], &mut drain_buf) {
+            TunnResult::WriteToNetwork(p) => { socket.send_to(p, peer).await.unwrap(); }
+            _ => break,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Try to receive a UDP packet and decapsulate it. Returns decrypted IP data if any.
+async fn try_recv_decap(
+    tunn: &mut Tunn,
+    socket: &UdpSocket,
+    timeout_ms: u64,
+) -> Option<(Vec<u8>, Ipv4Addr, SocketAddr)> {
+    let mut recv_buf = vec![0u8; 65536];
+    let mut dst_buf = vec![0u8; 65536];
+
+    let (n, src_addr) = match time::timeout(
+        Duration::from_millis(timeout_ms),
+        socket.recv_from(&mut recv_buf),
+    ).await {
+        Ok(Ok(r)) => r,
+        _ => return None,
+    };
+
+    let result = tunn.decapsulate(Some(src_addr.ip()), &recv_buf[..n], &mut dst_buf);
+    match result {
+        TunnResult::WriteToNetwork(pkt) => {
+            send_and_drain(tunn, pkt, socket, src_addr).await;
+            None
+        }
+        TunnResult::WriteToTunnelV4(pkt, addr) => Some((pkt.to_vec(), addr, src_addr)),
+        TunnResult::WriteToTunnelV6(_, _) => None,
+        TunnResult::Done => None,
+        TunnResult::Err(_) => None,
+    }
+}
+
+/// Drive the full WireGuard handshake between client and server over real UDP.
+async fn do_handshake(
+    client_tunn: &mut Tunn,
+    server_tunn: &mut Tunn,
+    client_socket: &UdpSocket,
+    server_socket: &UdpSocket,
+    server_addr: SocketAddr,
+) {
+    let mut buf = vec![0u8; 2048];
+    let mut recv_buf = vec![0u8; 65536];
+    let mut dst_buf = vec![0u8; 65536];
+
+    // Step 1: Client initiates handshake
+    match client_tunn.encapsulate(&[], &mut buf) {
+        TunnResult::WriteToNetwork(pkt) => {
+            client_socket.send_to(pkt, server_addr).await.unwrap();
+        }
+        _ => panic!("Expected handshake init"),
+    }
+
+    // Step 2: Server receives init → sends response
+    let (n, client_from) = server_socket.recv_from(&mut recv_buf).await.unwrap();
+    match server_tunn.decapsulate(Some(client_from.ip()), &recv_buf[..n], &mut dst_buf) {
+        TunnResult::WriteToNetwork(pkt) => {
+            send_and_drain(server_tunn, pkt, server_socket, client_from).await;
+        }
+        other => panic!("Expected WriteToNetwork from server, got variant {}", variant_name(&other)),
+    }
+
+    // Step 3: Client receives response
+    let (n, _) = client_socket.recv_from(&mut recv_buf).await.unwrap();
+    match client_tunn.decapsulate(Some(server_addr.ip()), &recv_buf[..n], &mut dst_buf) {
+        TunnResult::WriteToNetwork(pkt) => {
+            send_and_drain(client_tunn, pkt, client_socket, server_addr).await;
+        }
+        TunnResult::Done => {}
+        _ => {}
+    }
+
+    // Step 4: Process any remaining handshake packets
+    let _ = try_recv_decap(server_tunn, server_socket, 200).await;
+    let _ = try_recv_decap(client_tunn, client_socket, 100).await;
+
+    // Step 5: Timer ticks to settle
+    for _ in 0..3 {
+        match server_tunn.update_timers(&mut dst_buf) {
+            TunnResult::WriteToNetwork(pkt) => {
+                server_socket.send_to(pkt, client_from).await.unwrap();
+            }
+            _ => {}
+        }
+        match client_tunn.update_timers(&mut dst_buf) {
+            TunnResult::WriteToNetwork(pkt) => {
+                client_socket.send_to(pkt, server_addr).await.unwrap();
+            }
+            _ => {}
+        }
+        let _ = try_recv_decap(server_tunn, server_socket, 50).await;
+        let _ = try_recv_decap(client_tunn, client_socket, 50).await;
+    }
+}
+
+fn variant_name(r: &TunnResult) -> &'static str {
+    match r {
+        TunnResult::Done => "Done",
+        TunnResult::Err(_) => "Err",
+        TunnResult::WriteToNetwork(_) => "WriteToNetwork",
+        TunnResult::WriteToTunnelV4(_, _) => "WriteToTunnelV4",
+        TunnResult::WriteToTunnelV6(_, _) => "WriteToTunnelV6",
+    }
+}
+
+/// Encapsulate an IP packet and send it, then loop-receive on the other side until decrypted.
+async fn send_and_expect_data(
+    sender_tunn: &mut Tunn,
+    receiver_tunn: &mut Tunn,
+    sender_socket: &UdpSocket,
+    receiver_socket: &UdpSocket,
+    dest_addr: SocketAddr,
+    ip_packet: &[u8],
+) -> (Vec<u8>, Ipv4Addr) {
+    let mut enc_buf = vec![0u8; 65536];
+
+    match sender_tunn.encapsulate(ip_packet, &mut enc_buf) {
+        TunnResult::WriteToNetwork(pkt) => {
+            sender_socket.send_to(pkt, dest_addr).await.unwrap();
+        }
+        TunnResult::Err(e) => panic!("Encapsulate failed: {:?}", e),
+        other => panic!("Expected WriteToNetwork, got {}", variant_name(&other)),
+    }
+
+    // Receive — may need a few rounds for control packets
+    for _ in 0..10 {
+        if let Some((data, addr, _)) = try_recv_decap(receiver_tunn, receiver_socket, 1000).await {
+            return (data, addr);
+        }
+    }
+    panic!("Did not receive decrypted IP packet");
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Test 1: Single client ↔ server bidirectional data exchange
+// ============================================================================
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn wg_e2e_single_client_bidirectional() {
+    let (server_pub_b64, server_priv_b64) = generate_wg_keypair();
+    let (client_pub_b64, client_priv_b64) = generate_wg_keypair();
+
+    let (server_public, server_secret) = parse_key_pair(&server_pub_b64, &server_priv_b64);
+    let (client_public, client_secret) = parse_key_pair(&client_pub_b64, &client_priv_b64);
+
+    let server_socket = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0").await.unwrap();
+    let client_socket = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0").await.unwrap();
+    let server_addr = server_socket.local_addr().unwrap();
+    let client_addr = client_socket.local_addr().unwrap();
+
+    let mut server_tunn = Tunn::new(server_secret, client_public, None, None, 0, None);
+    let mut client_tunn = Tunn::new(client_secret, server_public, None, None, 1, None);
+
+    do_handshake(&mut client_tunn, &mut server_tunn, &client_socket, &server_socket, server_addr).await;
+
+    // Client → Server
+    let pkt_c2s = make_ipv4_packet(Ipv4Addr::new(10, 0, 0, 2), Ipv4Addr::new(10, 0, 0, 1), b"Hello from client!");
+    let (decrypted, src_ip) = send_and_expect_data(
+        &mut client_tunn, &mut server_tunn,
+        &client_socket, &server_socket,
+        server_addr, &pkt_c2s,
+    ).await;
+    assert_eq!(src_ip, Ipv4Addr::new(10, 0, 0, 2));
+    assert_eq!(&decrypted[..pkt_c2s.len()], &pkt_c2s[..]);
+
+    // Server → Client
+    let pkt_s2c = make_ipv4_packet(Ipv4Addr::new(10, 0, 0, 1), Ipv4Addr::new(10, 0, 0, 2), b"Hello from server!");
+    let (decrypted, src_ip) = send_and_expect_data(
+        &mut server_tunn, &mut client_tunn,
+        &server_socket, &client_socket,
+        client_addr, &pkt_s2c,
+    ).await;
+    assert_eq!(src_ip, Ipv4Addr::new(10, 0, 0, 1));
+    assert_eq!(&decrypted[..pkt_s2c.len()], &pkt_s2c[..]);
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Test 2: Two clients ↔ one server (peer routing)
+// ============================================================================
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn wg_e2e_two_clients_peer_routing() {
+    let (server_pub_b64, server_priv_b64) = generate_wg_keypair();
+    let (client1_pub_b64, client1_priv_b64) = generate_wg_keypair();
+    let (client2_pub_b64, client2_priv_b64) = generate_wg_keypair();
+
+    let (server_public, _) = parse_key_pair(&server_pub_b64, &server_priv_b64);
+    let (client1_public, client1_secret) = parse_key_pair(&client1_pub_b64, &client1_priv_b64);
+    let (client2_public, client2_secret) = parse_key_pair(&client2_pub_b64, &client2_priv_b64);
+
+    // Separate server socket per peer to avoid UDP mux complexity in test
+    let server_socket_1 = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0").await.unwrap();
+    let server_socket_2 = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0").await.unwrap();
+    let client1_socket = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0").await.unwrap();
+    let client2_socket = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0").await.unwrap();
+    let server_addr_1 = server_socket_1.local_addr().unwrap();
+    let server_addr_2 = server_socket_2.local_addr().unwrap();
+
+    let mut server_tunn_1 = Tunn::new(clone_secret(&server_priv_b64), client1_public, None, None, 0, None);
+    let mut server_tunn_2 = Tunn::new(clone_secret(&server_priv_b64), client2_public, None, None, 1, None);
+    let mut client1_tunn = Tunn::new(client1_secret, server_public.clone(), None, None, 2, None);
+    let mut client2_tunn = Tunn::new(client2_secret, server_public, None, None, 3, None);
+
+    do_handshake(&mut client1_tunn, &mut server_tunn_1, &client1_socket, &server_socket_1, server_addr_1).await;
+    do_handshake(&mut client2_tunn, &mut server_tunn_2, &client2_socket, &server_socket_2, server_addr_2).await;
+
+    // Client 1 → Server
+    let pkt1 = make_ipv4_packet(Ipv4Addr::new(10, 0, 0, 2), Ipv4Addr::new(10, 0, 0, 1), b"From client 1");
+    let (decrypted, src_ip) = send_and_expect_data(
+        &mut client1_tunn, &mut server_tunn_1,
+        &client1_socket, &server_socket_1,
+        server_addr_1, &pkt1,
+    ).await;
+    assert_eq!(src_ip, Ipv4Addr::new(10, 0, 0, 2));
+    assert_eq!(&decrypted[..pkt1.len()], &pkt1[..]);
+
+    // Client 2 → Server
+    let pkt2 = make_ipv4_packet(Ipv4Addr::new(10, 0, 0, 3), Ipv4Addr::new(10, 0, 0, 1), b"From client 2");
+    let (decrypted, src_ip) = send_and_expect_data(
+        &mut client2_tunn, &mut server_tunn_2,
+        &client2_socket, &server_socket_2,
+        server_addr_2, &pkt2,
+    ).await;
+    assert_eq!(src_ip, Ipv4Addr::new(10, 0, 0, 3));
+    assert_eq!(&decrypted[..pkt2.len()], &pkt2[..]);
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Test 3: Preshared key handshake + data exchange
+// ============================================================================
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn wg_e2e_preshared_key() {
+    let (server_pub_b64, server_priv_b64) = generate_wg_keypair();
+    let (client_pub_b64, client_priv_b64) = generate_wg_keypair();
+
+    let (server_public, server_secret) = parse_key_pair(&server_pub_b64, &server_priv_b64);
+    let (client_public, client_secret) = parse_key_pair(&client_pub_b64, &client_priv_b64);
+
+    let psk: [u8; 32] = rand::random();
+
+    let server_socket = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0").await.unwrap();
+    let client_socket = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0").await.unwrap();
+    let server_addr = server_socket.local_addr().unwrap();
+
+    let mut server_tunn = Tunn::new(server_secret, client_public, Some(psk), None, 0, None);
+    let mut client_tunn = Tunn::new(client_secret, server_public, Some(psk), None, 1, None);
+
+    do_handshake(&mut client_tunn, &mut server_tunn, &client_socket, &server_socket, server_addr).await;
+
+    let pkt = make_ipv4_packet(Ipv4Addr::new(10, 0, 0, 2), Ipv4Addr::new(10, 0, 0, 1), b"PSK-protected data");
+    let (decrypted, src_ip) = send_and_expect_data(
+        &mut client_tunn, &mut server_tunn,
+        &client_socket, &server_socket,
+        server_addr, &pkt,
+    ).await;
+    assert_eq!(src_ip, Ipv4Addr::new(10, 0, 0, 2));
+    assert_eq!(&decrypted[..pkt.len()], &pkt[..]);
+}
--- a/test/test.flowcontrol.node.ts
+++ b/test/test.flowcontrol.node.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { tap, expect } from '@git.zone/tstest/tapbundle';
 import * as net from 'net';
 import { VpnClient, VpnServer } from '../ts/index.js';
-import type { IVpnClientOptions, IVpnServerOptions, IVpnKeypair, IVpnServerConfig } from '../ts/index.js';
+import type { IVpnClientOptions, IVpnServerOptions, IVpnKeypair, IVpnServerConfig, IClientConfigBundle } from '../ts/index.js';

 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Helpers
@@ -40,7 +40,9 @@ let server: VpnServer;
 let serverPort: number;
 let keypair: IVpnKeypair;
 let client: VpnClient;
+let clientBundle: IClientConfigBundle;
 const extraClients: VpnClient[] = [];
+const extraBundles: IClientConfigBundle[] = [];

 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Tests
@@ -64,7 +66,7 @@ tap.test('setup: start VPN server', async () => {
  expect(keypair.publicKey).toBeTypeofString();
  expect(keypair.privateKey).toBeTypeofString();

-  // Phase 3: start the VPN listener
+  // Phase 3: start the VPN listener (empty clients, will use createClient at runtime)
  const serverConfig: IVpnServerConfig = {
    listenAddr: `127.0.0.1:${serverPort}`,
    privateKey: keypair.privateKey,
@@ -76,6 +78,11 @@ tap.test('setup: start VPN server', async () => {
  // Verify server is now running
  const status = await server.getStatus();
  expect(status.state).toEqual('connected');
+
+  // Phase 4: create the first client via the hub
+  clientBundle = await server.createClient({ clientId: 'test-client-0' });
+  expect(clientBundle.secrets.noisePrivateKey).toBeTypeofString();
+  expect(clientBundle.smartvpnConfig.clientPublicKey).toBeTypeofString();
 });

 tap.test('single client connects and gets IP', async () => {
@@ -89,6 +96,8 @@ tap.test('single client connects and gets IP', async () => {
  const result = await client.connect({
    serverUrl: `ws://127.0.0.1:${serverPort}`,
    serverPublicKey: keypair.publicKey,
+    clientPrivateKey: clientBundle.secrets.noisePrivateKey,
+    clientPublicKey: clientBundle.smartvpnConfig.clientPublicKey,
    keepaliveIntervalSecs: 3,
  });

@@ -175,11 +184,15 @@ tap.test('5 concurrent clients', async () => {
  assignedIps.add(existingClients[0].assignedIp);

  for (let i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+    const bundle = await server.createClient({ clientId: `test-client-${i + 1}` });
+    extraBundles.push(bundle);
    const c = new VpnClient({ transport: { transport: 'stdio' } });
    await c.start();
    const result = await c.connect({
      serverUrl: `ws://127.0.0.1:${serverPort}`,
      serverPublicKey: keypair.publicKey,
+      clientPrivateKey: bundle.secrets.noisePrivateKey,
+      clientPublicKey: bundle.smartvpnConfig.clientPublicKey,
      keepaliveIntervalSecs: 3,
    });
    expect(result.assignedIp).toStartWith('10.8.0.');
--- a/test/test.loadtest.node.ts
+++ b/test/test.loadtest.node.ts
@@ -144,12 +144,17 @@ let keypair: IVpnKeypair;
 let throttle: ThrottleProxy;
 const allClients: VpnClient[] = [];

+let clientCounter = 0;
 async function createConnectedClient(port: number): Promise<VpnClient> {
+  clientCounter++;
+  const bundle = await server.createClient({ clientId: `load-client-${clientCounter}` });
  const c = new VpnClient({ transport: { transport: 'stdio' } });
  await c.start();
  await c.connect({
    serverUrl: `ws://127.0.0.1:${port}`,
    serverPublicKey: keypair.publicKey,
+    clientPrivateKey: bundle.secrets.noisePrivateKey,
+    clientPublicKey: bundle.smartvpnConfig.clientPublicKey,
    keepaliveIntervalSecs: 3,
  });
  allClients.push(c);
@@ -206,8 +211,8 @@ tap.test('throttled connection: handshake succeeds through throttle', async () =
 });

 tap.test('sustained keepalive under throttle', async () => {
-  // Wait for at least 2 keepalive cycles (3s interval)
-  await delay(8000);
+  // Wait for at least 1 keepalive cycle (3s interval)
+  await delay(4000);

  const client = allClients[0];
  const stats = await client.getStatistics();
@@ -257,14 +262,14 @@ tap.test('rate limiting combined with network throttle', async () => {
  await server.removeClientRateLimit(targetId);
 });

-tap.test('burst waves: 3 waves of 3 clients', async () => {
+tap.test('burst waves: 2 waves of 2 clients', async () => {
  const initialCount = (await server.listClients()).length;

-  for (let wave = 0; wave < 3; wave++) {
+  for (let wave = 0; wave < 2; wave++) {
    const waveClients: VpnClient[] = [];

-    // Connect 3 clients
-    for (let i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+    // Connect 2 clients
+    for (let i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
      const c = await createConnectedClient(proxyPort);
      waveClients.push(c);
    }
@@ -272,7 +277,7 @@ tap.test('burst waves: 3 waves of 3 clients', async () => {
    // Verify all connected
    await waitFor(async () => {
      const all = await server.listClients();
-      return all.length === initialCount + 3;
+      return all.length === initialCount + 2;
    });

    // Disconnect all wave clients
@@ -291,7 +296,7 @@ tap.test('burst waves: 3 waves of 3 clients', async () => {

  // Verify total connections accumulated
  const stats = await server.getStatistics();
-  expect(stats.totalConnections).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(9 + initialCount);
+  expect(stats.totalConnections).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(4 + initialCount);

  // Original clients still connected
  const remaining = await server.listClients();
@@ -310,7 +315,7 @@ tap.test('aggressive throttle: 10 KB/s', async () => {
  expect(status.state).toEqual('connected');

  // Wait for keepalive exchange (might take longer due to throttle)
-  await delay(10000);
+  await delay(4000);

  const stats = await client.getStatistics();
  expect(stats.keepalivesSent).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
@@ -327,7 +332,7 @@ tap.test('post-load health: direct connection still works', async () => {
  const status = await directClient.getStatus();
  expect(status.state).toEqual('connected');

-  await delay(5000);
+  await delay(3500);

  const stats = await directClient.getStatistics();
  expect(stats.keepalivesSent).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
--- a/test/test.quic.node.ts
+++ b/test/test.quic.node.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { tap, expect } from '@git.zone/tstest/tapbundle';
 import * as net from 'net';
 import * as dgram from 'dgram';
 import { VpnClient, VpnServer } from '../ts/index.js';
-import type { IVpnClientOptions, IVpnServerOptions, IVpnKeypair, IVpnServerConfig } from '../ts/index.js';
+import type { IVpnClientOptions, IVpnServerOptions, IVpnKeypair, IVpnServerConfig, IClientConfigBundle } from '../ts/index.js';

 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Helpers
@@ -82,6 +82,8 @@ tap.test('setup: start VPN server in QUIC mode', async () => {
 });

 tap.test('QUIC client connects and gets IP', async () => {
+  const bundle = await server.createClient({ clientId: 'quic-client-1' });
+
  const options: IVpnClientOptions = {
    transport: { transport: 'stdio' },
  };
@@ -92,6 +94,8 @@ tap.test('QUIC client connects and gets IP', async () => {
  const result = await client.connect({
    serverUrl: `127.0.0.1:${quicPort}`,
    serverPublicKey: keypair.publicKey,
+    clientPrivateKey: bundle.secrets.noisePrivateKey,
+    clientPublicKey: bundle.smartvpnConfig.clientPublicKey,
    transport: 'quic',
    keepaliveIntervalSecs: 3,
  });
@@ -162,12 +166,16 @@ tap.test('auto client connects to dual-mode server (QUIC preferred)', async () =
  const started = await client.start();
  expect(started).toBeTrue();

+  const bundle = await dualServer.createClient({ clientId: 'dual-auto-client' });
+
  // "auto" mode (default): tries QUIC first at same host:port, falls back to WS
  // Since the WS port and QUIC port differ, auto will try QUIC on WS port (fail),
  // then fall back to WebSocket
  const result = await client.connect({
    serverUrl: `ws://127.0.0.1:${dualWsPort}`,
    serverPublicKey: dualKeypair.publicKey,
+    clientPrivateKey: bundle.secrets.noisePrivateKey,
+    clientPublicKey: bundle.smartvpnConfig.clientPublicKey,
    // transport defaults to 'auto'
    keepaliveIntervalSecs: 3,
  });
@@ -187,6 +195,8 @@ tap.test('auto client connects to dual-mode server (QUIC preferred)', async () =
 });

 tap.test('explicit QUIC client connects to dual-mode server', async () => {
+  const bundle = await dualServer.createClient({ clientId: 'dual-quic-client' });
+
  const options: IVpnClientOptions = {
    transport: { transport: 'stdio' },
  };
@@ -197,6 +207,8 @@ tap.test('explicit QUIC client connects to dual-mode server', async () => {
  const result = await client.connect({
    serverUrl: `127.0.0.1:${dualQuicPort}`,
    serverPublicKey: dualKeypair.publicKey,
+    clientPrivateKey: bundle.secrets.noisePrivateKey,
+    clientPublicKey: bundle.smartvpnConfig.clientPublicKey,
    transport: 'quic',
    keepaliveIntervalSecs: 3,
  });
@@ -211,6 +223,8 @@ tap.test('explicit QUIC client connects to dual-mode server', async () => {
 });

 tap.test('keepalive exchange over QUIC', async () => {
+  const bundle = await dualServer.createClient({ clientId: 'dual-keepalive-client' });
+
  const options: IVpnClientOptions = {
    transport: { transport: 'stdio' },
  };
@@ -220,6 +234,8 @@ tap.test('keepalive exchange over QUIC', async () => {
  await client.connect({
    serverUrl: `127.0.0.1:${dualQuicPort}`,
    serverPublicKey: dualKeypair.publicKey,
+    clientPrivateKey: bundle.secrets.noisePrivateKey,
+    clientPublicKey: bundle.smartvpnConfig.clientPublicKey,
    transport: 'quic',
    keepaliveIntervalSecs: 3,
  });
--- a/test/test.vpnconfig.node.ts
+++ b/test/test.vpnconfig.node.ts
@@ -2,10 +2,17 @@ import { tap, expect } from '@git.zone/tstest/tapbundle';
 import { VpnConfig } from '../ts/index.js';
 import type { IVpnClientConfig, IVpnServerConfig } from '../ts/index.js';

+// Valid 32-byte base64 keys for testing
+const TEST_KEY_A = 'YWFhYWFhYWFhYWFhYWFhYWFhYWFhYWFhYWFhYWFhYWE=';
+const TEST_KEY_B = 'YmJiYmJiYmJiYmJiYmJiYmJiYmJiYmJiYmJiYmJiYmI=';
+const TEST_KEY_C = 'Y2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2M=';
+
 tap.test('VpnConfig: validate valid client config', async () => {
  const config: IVpnClientConfig = {
    serverUrl: 'wss://vpn.example.com/tunnel',
-    serverPublicKey: 'dGVzdHB1YmxpY2tleQ==',
+    serverPublicKey: TEST_KEY_A,
+    clientPrivateKey: TEST_KEY_B,
+    clientPublicKey: TEST_KEY_C,
    dns: ['1.1.1.1', '8.8.8.8'],
    mtu: 1420,
    keepaliveIntervalSecs: 30,
@@ -16,7 +23,9 @@ tap.test('VpnConfig: validate valid client config', async () => {

 tap.test('VpnConfig: reject client config without serverUrl', async () => {
  const config = {
-    serverPublicKey: 'dGVzdHB1YmxpY2tleQ==',
+    serverPublicKey: TEST_KEY_A,
+    clientPrivateKey: TEST_KEY_B,
+    clientPublicKey: TEST_KEY_C,
  } as IVpnClientConfig;
  let threw = false;
  try {
@@ -31,7 +40,9 @@ tap.test('VpnConfig: reject client config without serverUrl', async () => {
 tap.test('VpnConfig: reject client config with invalid serverUrl scheme', async () => {
  const config: IVpnClientConfig = {
    serverUrl: 'http://vpn.example.com/tunnel',
-    serverPublicKey: 'dGVzdHB1YmxpY2tleQ==',
+    serverPublicKey: TEST_KEY_A,
+    clientPrivateKey: TEST_KEY_B,
+    clientPublicKey: TEST_KEY_C,
  };
  let threw = false;
  try {
@@ -43,10 +54,28 @@ tap.test('VpnConfig: reject client config with invalid serverUrl scheme', async
  expect(threw).toBeTrue();
 });

+tap.test('VpnConfig: reject client config without clientPrivateKey', async () => {
+  const config = {
+    serverUrl: 'wss://vpn.example.com/tunnel',
+    serverPublicKey: TEST_KEY_A,
+    clientPublicKey: TEST_KEY_C,
+  } as IVpnClientConfig;
+  let threw = false;
+  try {
+    VpnConfig.validateClientConfig(config);
+  } catch (e) {
+    threw = true;
+    expect((e as Error).message).toContain('clientPrivateKey');
+  }
+  expect(threw).toBeTrue();
+});
+
 tap.test('VpnConfig: reject client config with invalid MTU', async () => {
  const config: IVpnClientConfig = {
    serverUrl: 'wss://vpn.example.com/tunnel',
-    serverPublicKey: 'dGVzdHB1YmxpY2tleQ==',
+    serverPublicKey: TEST_KEY_A,
+    clientPrivateKey: TEST_KEY_B,
+    clientPublicKey: TEST_KEY_C,
    mtu: 100,
  };
  let threw = false;
@@ -62,7 +91,9 @@ tap.test('VpnConfig: reject client config with invalid MTU', async () => {
 tap.test('VpnConfig: reject client config with invalid DNS', async () => {
  const config: IVpnClientConfig = {
    serverUrl: 'wss://vpn.example.com/tunnel',
-    serverPublicKey: 'dGVzdHB1YmxpY2tleQ==',
+    serverPublicKey: TEST_KEY_A,
+    clientPrivateKey: TEST_KEY_B,
+    clientPublicKey: TEST_KEY_C,
    dns: ['not-an-ip'],
  };
  let threw = false;
@@ -78,12 +109,15 @@ tap.test('VpnConfig: reject client config with invalid DNS', async () => {
 tap.test('VpnConfig: validate valid server config', async () => {
  const config: IVpnServerConfig = {
    listenAddr: '0.0.0.0:443',
-    privateKey: 'dGVzdHByaXZhdGVrZXk=',
-    publicKey: 'dGVzdHB1YmxpY2tleQ==',
+    privateKey: TEST_KEY_A,
+    publicKey: TEST_KEY_B,
    subnet: '10.8.0.0/24',
    dns: ['1.1.1.1'],
    mtu: 1420,
    enableNat: true,
+    clients: [
+      { clientId: 'test-client', publicKey: TEST_KEY_C },
+    ],
  };
  // Should not throw
  VpnConfig.validateServerConfig(config);
@@ -92,8 +126,8 @@ tap.test('VpnConfig: validate valid server config', async () => {
 tap.test('VpnConfig: reject server config with invalid subnet', async () => {
  const config: IVpnServerConfig = {
    listenAddr: '0.0.0.0:443',
-    privateKey: 'dGVzdHByaXZhdGVrZXk=',
-    publicKey: 'dGVzdHB1YmxpY2tleQ==',
+    privateKey: TEST_KEY_A,
+    publicKey: TEST_KEY_B,
    subnet: 'invalid',
  };
  let threw = false;
@@ -109,7 +143,7 @@ tap.test('VpnConfig: reject server config with invalid subnet', async () => {
 tap.test('VpnConfig: reject server config without privateKey', async () => {
  const config = {
    listenAddr: '0.0.0.0:443',
-    publicKey: 'dGVzdHB1YmxpY2tleQ==',
+    publicKey: TEST_KEY_B,
    subnet: '10.8.0.0/24',
  } as IVpnServerConfig;
  let threw = false;
@@ -122,4 +156,24 @@ tap.test('VpnConfig: reject server config without privateKey', async () => {
  expect(threw).toBeTrue();
 });

+tap.test('VpnConfig: reject server config with invalid client publicKey', async () => {
+  const config: IVpnServerConfig = {
+    listenAddr: '0.0.0.0:443',
+    privateKey: TEST_KEY_A,
+    publicKey: TEST_KEY_B,
+    subnet: '10.8.0.0/24',
+    clients: [
+      { clientId: 'bad-client', publicKey: 'short-key' },
+    ],
+  };
+  let threw = false;
+  try {
+    VpnConfig.validateServerConfig(config);
+  } catch (e) {
+    threw = true;
+    expect((e as Error).message).toContain('publicKey');
+  }
+  expect(threw).toBeTrue();
+});
+
 export default tap.start();
--- a/test/test.wireguard.node.ts
+++ b/test/test.wireguard.node.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,353 @@
+import { tap, expect } from '@git.zone/tstest/tapbundle';
+import {
+  VpnConfig,
+  VpnServer,
+  WgConfigGenerator,
+} from '../ts/index.js';
+import type {
+  IVpnClientConfig,
+  IVpnServerConfig,
+  IVpnServerOptions,
+  IWgPeerConfig,
+} from '../ts/index.js';
+
+// ============================================================================
+// WireGuard config validation — client
+// ============================================================================
+
+// A valid 32-byte key in base64 (44 chars)
+const VALID_KEY = 'AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA=';
+const VALID_KEY_2 = 'BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB=';
+
+tap.test('WG client config: valid wireguard config passes validation', async () => {
+  const config: IVpnClientConfig = {
+    serverUrl: '', // not needed for WG
+    serverPublicKey: VALID_KEY,
+    transport: 'wireguard',
+    wgPrivateKey: VALID_KEY_2,
+    wgAddress: '10.8.0.2',
+    wgEndpoint: 'vpn.example.com:51820',
+    wgAllowedIps: ['0.0.0.0/0'],
+  };
+  VpnConfig.validateClientConfig(config);
+});
+
+tap.test('WG client config: rejects missing wgPrivateKey', async () => {
+  const config: IVpnClientConfig = {
+    serverUrl: '',
+    serverPublicKey: VALID_KEY,
+    transport: 'wireguard',
+    wgAddress: '10.8.0.2',
+    wgEndpoint: 'vpn.example.com:51820',
+  };
+  let threw = false;
+  try {
+    VpnConfig.validateClientConfig(config);
+  } catch (e) {
+    threw = true;
+    expect((e as Error).message).toContain('wgPrivateKey');
+  }
+  expect(threw).toBeTrue();
+});
+
+tap.test('WG client config: rejects missing wgAddress', async () => {
+  const config: IVpnClientConfig = {
+    serverUrl: '',
+    serverPublicKey: VALID_KEY,
+    transport: 'wireguard',
+    wgPrivateKey: VALID_KEY_2,
+    wgEndpoint: 'vpn.example.com:51820',
+  };
+  let threw = false;
+  try {
+    VpnConfig.validateClientConfig(config);
+  } catch (e) {
+    threw = true;
+    expect((e as Error).message).toContain('wgAddress');
+  }
+  expect(threw).toBeTrue();
+});
+
+tap.test('WG client config: rejects missing wgEndpoint', async () => {
+  const config: IVpnClientConfig = {
+    serverUrl: '',
+    serverPublicKey: VALID_KEY,
+    transport: 'wireguard',
+    wgPrivateKey: VALID_KEY_2,
+    wgAddress: '10.8.0.2',
+  };
+  let threw = false;
+  try {
+    VpnConfig.validateClientConfig(config);
+  } catch (e) {
+    threw = true;
+    expect((e as Error).message).toContain('wgEndpoint');
+  }
+  expect(threw).toBeTrue();
+});
+
+tap.test('WG client config: rejects invalid key length', async () => {
+  const config: IVpnClientConfig = {
+    serverUrl: '',
+    serverPublicKey: VALID_KEY,
+    transport: 'wireguard',
+    wgPrivateKey: 'tooshort',
+    wgAddress: '10.8.0.2',
+    wgEndpoint: 'vpn.example.com:51820',
+  };
+  let threw = false;
+  try {
+    VpnConfig.validateClientConfig(config);
+  } catch (e) {
+    threw = true;
+    expect((e as Error).message).toContain('44 characters');
+  }
+  expect(threw).toBeTrue();
+});
+
+tap.test('WG client config: rejects invalid CIDR in allowedIps', async () => {
+  const config: IVpnClientConfig = {
+    serverUrl: '',
+    serverPublicKey: VALID_KEY,
+    transport: 'wireguard',
+    wgPrivateKey: VALID_KEY_2,
+    wgAddress: '10.8.0.2',
+    wgEndpoint: 'vpn.example.com:51820',
+    wgAllowedIps: ['not-a-cidr'],
+  };
+  let threw = false;
+  try {
+    VpnConfig.validateClientConfig(config);
+  } catch (e) {
+    threw = true;
+    expect((e as Error).message).toContain('CIDR');
+  }
+  expect(threw).toBeTrue();
+});
+
+// ============================================================================
+// WireGuard config validation — server
+// ============================================================================
+
+tap.test('WG server config: valid config passes validation', async () => {
+  const config: IVpnServerConfig = {
+    listenAddr: '',
+    privateKey: VALID_KEY,
+    publicKey: VALID_KEY_2,
+    subnet: '10.8.0.0/24',
+    transportMode: 'wireguard',
+    wgPeers: [
+      {
+        publicKey: VALID_KEY_2,
+        allowedIps: ['10.8.0.2/32'],
+      },
+    ],
+  };
+  VpnConfig.validateServerConfig(config);
+});
+
+tap.test('WG server config: rejects empty wgPeers', async () => {
+  const config: IVpnServerConfig = {
+    listenAddr: '',
+    privateKey: VALID_KEY,
+    publicKey: VALID_KEY_2,
+    subnet: '10.8.0.0/24',
+    transportMode: 'wireguard',
+    wgPeers: [],
+  };
+  let threw = false;
+  try {
+    VpnConfig.validateServerConfig(config);
+  } catch (e) {
+    threw = true;
+    expect((e as Error).message).toContain('wgPeers');
+  }
+  expect(threw).toBeTrue();
+});
+
+tap.test('WG server config: rejects peer without publicKey', async () => {
+  const config: IVpnServerConfig = {
+    listenAddr: '',
+    privateKey: VALID_KEY,
+    publicKey: VALID_KEY_2,
+    subnet: '10.8.0.0/24',
+    transportMode: 'wireguard',
+    wgPeers: [
+      {
+        publicKey: '',
+        allowedIps: ['10.8.0.2/32'],
+      },
+    ],
+  };
+  let threw = false;
+  try {
+    VpnConfig.validateServerConfig(config);
+  } catch (e) {
+    threw = true;
+    expect((e as Error).message).toContain('publicKey');
+  }
+  expect(threw).toBeTrue();
+});
+
+tap.test('WG server config: rejects invalid wgListenPort', async () => {
+  const config: IVpnServerConfig = {
+    listenAddr: '',
+    privateKey: VALID_KEY,
+    publicKey: VALID_KEY_2,
+    subnet: '10.8.0.0/24',
+    transportMode: 'wireguard',
+    wgListenPort: 0,
+    wgPeers: [
+      {
+        publicKey: VALID_KEY_2,
+        allowedIps: ['10.8.0.2/32'],
+      },
+    ],
+  };
+  let threw = false;
+  try {
+    VpnConfig.validateServerConfig(config);
+  } catch (e) {
+    threw = true;
+    expect((e as Error).message).toContain('wgListenPort');
+  }
+  expect(threw).toBeTrue();
+});
+
+// ============================================================================
+// WireGuard keypair generation via daemon
+// ============================================================================
+
+let server: VpnServer;
+
+tap.test('WG: spawn server daemon for keypair generation', async () => {
+  const options: IVpnServerOptions = {
+    transport: { transport: 'stdio' },
+  };
+  server = new VpnServer(options);
+  const started = await server['bridge'].start();
+  expect(started).toBeTrue();
+  expect(server.running).toBeTrue();
+});
+
+tap.test('WG: generateWgKeypair returns valid keypair', async () => {
+  const keypair = await server.generateWgKeypair();
+  expect(keypair.publicKey).toBeTypeofString();
+  expect(keypair.privateKey).toBeTypeofString();
+  // WireGuard keys: base64 of 32 bytes = 44 characters
+  expect(keypair.publicKey.length).toEqual(44);
+  expect(keypair.privateKey.length).toEqual(44);
+  // Verify they decode to 32 bytes
+  const pubBuf = Buffer.from(keypair.publicKey, 'base64');
+  const privBuf = Buffer.from(keypair.privateKey, 'base64');
+  expect(pubBuf.length).toEqual(32);
+  expect(privBuf.length).toEqual(32);
+});
+
+tap.test('WG: generateWgKeypair returns unique keys each time', async () => {
+  const kp1 = await server.generateWgKeypair();
+  const kp2 = await server.generateWgKeypair();
+  expect(kp1.publicKey).not.toEqual(kp2.publicKey);
+  expect(kp1.privateKey).not.toEqual(kp2.privateKey);
+});
+
+tap.test('WG: stop server daemon', async () => {
+  server.stop();
+  await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 500));
+  expect(server.running).toBeFalse();
+});
+
+// ============================================================================
+// WireGuard config file generation
+// ============================================================================
+
+tap.test('WgConfigGenerator: generate client config', async () => {
+  const conf = WgConfigGenerator.generateClientConfig({
+    privateKey: 'clientPrivateKeyBase64====================',
+    address: '10.8.0.2/24',
+    dns: ['1.1.1.1', '8.8.8.8'],
+    mtu: 1420,
+    peer: {
+      publicKey: 'serverPublicKeyBase64====================',
+      endpoint: 'vpn.example.com:51820',
+      allowedIps: ['0.0.0.0/0', '::/0'],
+      persistentKeepalive: 25,
+    },
+  });
+  expect(conf).toContain('[Interface]');
+  expect(conf).toContain('PrivateKey = clientPrivateKeyBase64====================');
+  expect(conf).toContain('Address = 10.8.0.2/24');
+  expect(conf).toContain('DNS = 1.1.1.1, 8.8.8.8');
+  expect(conf).toContain('MTU = 1420');
+  expect(conf).toContain('[Peer]');
+  expect(conf).toContain('PublicKey = serverPublicKeyBase64====================');
+  expect(conf).toContain('Endpoint = vpn.example.com:51820');
+  expect(conf).toContain('AllowedIPs = 0.0.0.0/0, ::/0');
+  expect(conf).toContain('PersistentKeepalive = 25');
+});
+
+tap.test('WgConfigGenerator: generate client config without optional fields', async () => {
+  const conf = WgConfigGenerator.generateClientConfig({
+    privateKey: 'key1',
+    address: '10.0.0.2/32',
+    peer: {
+      publicKey: 'key2',
+      endpoint: 'server:51820',
+      allowedIps: ['10.0.0.0/24'],
+    },
+  });
+  expect(conf).toContain('[Interface]');
+  expect(conf).not.toContain('DNS');
+  expect(conf).not.toContain('MTU');
+  expect(conf).not.toContain('PresharedKey');
+  expect(conf).not.toContain('PersistentKeepalive');
+});
+
+tap.test('WgConfigGenerator: generate server config with NAT', async () => {
+  const conf = WgConfigGenerator.generateServerConfig({
+    privateKey: 'serverPrivKey',
+    address: '10.8.0.1/24',
+    listenPort: 51820,
+    dns: ['1.1.1.1'],
+    enableNat: true,
+    natInterface: 'ens3',
+    peers: [
+      {
+        publicKey: 'peer1PubKey',
+        allowedIps: ['10.8.0.2/32'],
+        presharedKey: 'psk1',
+        persistentKeepalive: 25,
+      },
+      {
+        publicKey: 'peer2PubKey',
+        allowedIps: ['10.8.0.3/32'],
+      },
+    ],
+  });
+  expect(conf).toContain('[Interface]');
+  expect(conf).toContain('ListenPort = 51820');
+  expect(conf).toContain('PostUp = iptables -A FORWARD -i %i -j ACCEPT; iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o ens3 -j MASQUERADE');
+  expect(conf).toContain('PostDown = iptables -D FORWARD -i %i -j ACCEPT; iptables -t nat -D POSTROUTING -o ens3 -j MASQUERADE');
+  // Two [Peer] sections
+  const peerCount = (conf.match(/\[Peer\]/g) || []).length;
+  expect(peerCount).toEqual(2);
+  expect(conf).toContain('PresharedKey = psk1');
+});
+
+tap.test('WgConfigGenerator: generate server config without NAT', async () => {
+  const conf = WgConfigGenerator.generateServerConfig({
+    privateKey: 'serverPrivKey',
+    address: '10.8.0.1/24',
+    listenPort: 51820,
+    peers: [
+      {
+        publicKey: 'peerKey',
+        allowedIps: ['10.8.0.2/32'],
+      },
+    ],
+  });
+  expect(conf).not.toContain('PostUp');
+  expect(conf).not.toContain('PostDown');
+});
+
+export default tap.start();
--- a/ts/00_commitinfo_data.ts
+++ b/ts/00_commitinfo_data.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,6 @@
 */
 export const commitinfo = {
  name: '@push.rocks/smartvpn',
-  version: '1.4.1',
+  version: '1.15.0',
  description: 'A VPN solution with TypeScript control plane and Rust data plane daemon'
 }
--- a/ts/index.ts
+++ b/ts/index.ts
@@ -4,3 +4,4 @@ export { VpnClient } from './smartvpn.classes.vpnclient.js';
 export { VpnServer } from './smartvpn.classes.vpnserver.js';
 export { VpnConfig } from './smartvpn.classes.vpnconfig.js';
 export { VpnInstaller } from './smartvpn.classes.vpninstaller.js';
+export { WgConfigGenerator } from './smartvpn.classes.wgconfig.js';
--- a/ts/smartvpn.classes.vpnconfig.ts
+++ b/ts/smartvpn.classes.vpnconfig.ts
@@ -12,17 +12,54 @@ export class VpnConfig {
   * Validate a client config object. Throws on invalid config.
   */
  public static validateClientConfig(config: IVpnClientConfig): void {
-    if (!config.serverUrl) {
-      throw new Error('VpnConfig: serverUrl is required');
-    }
-    // For QUIC-only transport, serverUrl is a host:port address; for WebSocket/auto it must be ws:// or wss://
-    if (config.transport !== 'quic') {
-      if (!config.serverUrl.startsWith('wss://') && !config.serverUrl.startsWith('ws://')) {
-        throw new Error('VpnConfig: serverUrl must start with wss:// or ws:// (for WebSocket transport)');
+    if (config.transport === 'wireguard') {
+      // WireGuard-specific validation
+      if (!config.wgPrivateKey) {
+        throw new Error('VpnConfig: wgPrivateKey is required for WireGuard transport');
      }
-    }
-    if (!config.serverPublicKey) {
-      throw new Error('VpnConfig: serverPublicKey is required');
+      VpnConfig.validateBase64Key(config.wgPrivateKey, 'wgPrivateKey');
+      if (!config.wgAddress) {
+        throw new Error('VpnConfig: wgAddress is required for WireGuard transport');
+      }
+      if (!config.serverPublicKey) {
+        throw new Error('VpnConfig: serverPublicKey is required for WireGuard transport');
+      }
+      VpnConfig.validateBase64Key(config.serverPublicKey, 'serverPublicKey');
+      if (!config.wgEndpoint) {
+        throw new Error('VpnConfig: wgEndpoint is required for WireGuard transport');
+      }
+      if (config.wgPresharedKey) {
+        VpnConfig.validateBase64Key(config.wgPresharedKey, 'wgPresharedKey');
+      }
+      if (config.wgAllowedIps) {
+        for (const cidr of config.wgAllowedIps) {
+          if (!VpnConfig.isValidCidr(cidr)) {
+            throw new Error(`VpnConfig: invalid allowedIp CIDR: ${cidr}`);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      if (!config.serverUrl) {
+        throw new Error('VpnConfig: serverUrl is required');
+      }
+      // For QUIC-only transport, serverUrl is a host:port address; for WebSocket/auto it must be ws:// or wss://
+      if (config.transport !== 'quic') {
+        if (!config.serverUrl.startsWith('wss://') && !config.serverUrl.startsWith('ws://')) {
+          throw new Error('VpnConfig: serverUrl must start with wss:// or ws:// (for WebSocket transport)');
+        }
+      }
+      if (!config.serverPublicKey) {
+        throw new Error('VpnConfig: serverPublicKey is required');
+      }
+      // Noise IK requires client keypair
+      if (!config.clientPrivateKey) {
+        throw new Error('VpnConfig: clientPrivateKey is required for Noise IK authentication');
+      }
+      VpnConfig.validateBase64Key(config.clientPrivateKey, 'clientPrivateKey');
+      if (!config.clientPublicKey) {
+        throw new Error('VpnConfig: clientPublicKey is required for Noise IK authentication');
+      }
+      VpnConfig.validateBase64Key(config.clientPublicKey, 'clientPublicKey');
    }
    if (config.mtu !== undefined && (config.mtu < 576 || config.mtu > 65535)) {
      throw new Error('VpnConfig: mtu must be between 576 and 65535');
@@ -43,20 +80,63 @@ export class VpnConfig {
   * Validate a server config object. Throws on invalid config.
   */
  public static validateServerConfig(config: IVpnServerConfig): void {
-    if (!config.listenAddr) {
-      throw new Error('VpnConfig: listenAddr is required');
-    }
-    if (!config.privateKey) {
-      throw new Error('VpnConfig: privateKey is required');
-    }
-    if (!config.publicKey) {
-      throw new Error('VpnConfig: publicKey is required');
-    }
-    if (!config.subnet) {
-      throw new Error('VpnConfig: subnet is required');
-    }
-    if (!VpnConfig.isValidSubnet(config.subnet)) {
-      throw new Error(`VpnConfig: invalid subnet: ${config.subnet}`);
+    if (config.transportMode === 'wireguard') {
+      // WireGuard server validation
+      if (!config.privateKey) {
+        throw new Error('VpnConfig: privateKey is required');
+      }
+      VpnConfig.validateBase64Key(config.privateKey, 'privateKey');
+      if (!config.wgPeers || config.wgPeers.length === 0) {
+        throw new Error('VpnConfig: at least one wgPeers entry is required for WireGuard mode');
+      }
+      for (const peer of config.wgPeers) {
+        if (!peer.publicKey) {
+          throw new Error('VpnConfig: peer publicKey is required');
+        }
+        VpnConfig.validateBase64Key(peer.publicKey, 'peer.publicKey');
+        if (!peer.allowedIps || peer.allowedIps.length === 0) {
+          throw new Error('VpnConfig: peer allowedIps is required');
+        }
+        for (const cidr of peer.allowedIps) {
+          if (!VpnConfig.isValidCidr(cidr)) {
+            throw new Error(`VpnConfig: invalid peer allowedIp CIDR: ${cidr}`);
+          }
+        }
+        if (peer.presharedKey) {
+          VpnConfig.validateBase64Key(peer.presharedKey, 'peer.presharedKey');
+        }
+      }
+      if (config.wgListenPort !== undefined && (config.wgListenPort < 1 || config.wgListenPort > 65535)) {
+        throw new Error('VpnConfig: wgListenPort must be between 1 and 65535');
+      }
+    } else {
+      if (!config.listenAddr) {
+        throw new Error('VpnConfig: listenAddr is required');
+      }
+      if (!config.privateKey) {
+        throw new Error('VpnConfig: privateKey is required');
+      }
+      if (!config.publicKey) {
+        throw new Error('VpnConfig: publicKey is required');
+      }
+      if (!config.subnet) {
+        throw new Error('VpnConfig: subnet is required');
+      }
+      if (!VpnConfig.isValidSubnet(config.subnet)) {
+        throw new Error(`VpnConfig: invalid subnet: ${config.subnet}`);
+      }
+      // Validate client entries if provided
+      if (config.clients) {
+        for (const client of config.clients) {
+          if (!client.clientId) {
+            throw new Error('VpnConfig: client entry must have a clientId');
+          }
+          if (!client.publicKey) {
+            throw new Error(`VpnConfig: client '${client.clientId}' must have a publicKey`);
+          }
+          VpnConfig.validateBase64Key(client.publicKey, `client '${client.clientId}' publicKey`);
+        }
+      }
    }
    if (config.mtu !== undefined && (config.mtu < 576 || config.mtu > 65535)) {
      throw new Error('VpnConfig: mtu must be between 576 and 65535');
@@ -104,4 +184,41 @@ export class VpnConfig {
    const prefixNum = parseInt(prefix, 10);
    return !isNaN(prefixNum) && prefixNum >= 0 && prefixNum <= 32;
  }
+
+  /**
+   * Validate a CIDR string (IPv4 or IPv6).
+   */
+  private static isValidCidr(cidr: string): boolean {
+    const parts = cidr.split('/');
+    if (parts.length !== 2) return false;
+    const prefixNum = parseInt(parts[1], 10);
+    if (isNaN(prefixNum) || prefixNum < 0) return false;
+    // IPv4
+    if (VpnConfig.isValidIp(parts[0])) {
+      return prefixNum <= 32;
+    }
+    // IPv6 (basic check)
+    if (parts[0].includes(':')) {
+      return prefixNum <= 128;
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Validate a base64-encoded 32-byte key (WireGuard X25519 format).
+   */
+  private static validateBase64Key(key: string, fieldName: string): void {
+    if (key.length !== 44) {
+      throw new Error(`VpnConfig: ${fieldName} must be 44 characters (base64 of 32 bytes), got ${key.length}`);
+    }
+    try {
+      const buf = Buffer.from(key, 'base64');
+      if (buf.length !== 32) {
+        throw new Error(`VpnConfig: ${fieldName} must decode to 32 bytes, got ${buf.length}`);
+      }
+    } catch (e) {
+      if (e instanceof Error && e.message.startsWith('VpnConfig:')) throw e;
+      throw new Error(`VpnConfig: ${fieldName} is not valid base64`);
+    }
+  }
 }
--- a/ts/smartvpn.classes.vpnserver.ts
+++ b/ts/smartvpn.classes.vpnserver.ts
@@ -8,6 +8,11 @@ import type {
  IVpnClientInfo,
  IVpnKeypair,
  IVpnClientTelemetry,
+  IWgPeerConfig,
+  IWgPeerInfo,
+  IClientEntry,
+  IClientConfigBundle,
+  IDestinationPolicy,
  TVpnServerCommands,
 } from './smartvpn.interfaces.js';

@@ -17,6 +22,10 @@ import type {
 export class VpnServer extends plugins.events.EventEmitter {
  private bridge: VpnBridge<TVpnServerCommands>;
  private options: IVpnServerOptions;
+  private nft?: plugins.smartnftables.SmartNftables;
+  private nftHealthInterval?: ReturnType<typeof setInterval>;
+  private nftSubnet?: string;
+  private nftPolicy?: IDestinationPolicy;

  constructor(options: IVpnServerOptions) {
    super();
@@ -46,6 +55,11 @@ export class VpnServer extends plugins.events.EventEmitter {
    const cfg = config || this.options.config;
    if (cfg) {
      await this.bridge.sendCommand('start', { config: cfg });
+
+      // For TUN mode with a destination policy, set up nftables rules
+      if (cfg.forwardingMode === 'tun' && cfg.destinationPolicy) {
+        await this.setupTunDestinationPolicy(cfg.subnet, cfg.destinationPolicy);
+      }
    }
  }

@@ -121,10 +135,214 @@ export class VpnServer extends plugins.events.EventEmitter {
    return this.bridge.sendCommand('getClientTelemetry', { clientId });
  }

+  /**
+   * Generate a WireGuard-compatible X25519 keypair.
+   */
+  public async generateWgKeypair(): Promise<IVpnKeypair> {
+    return this.bridge.sendCommand('generateWgKeypair', {} as Record<string, never>);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Add a WireGuard peer (server must be running in wireguard mode).
+   */
+  public async addWgPeer(peer: IWgPeerConfig): Promise<void> {
+    await this.bridge.sendCommand('addWgPeer', { peer });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Remove a WireGuard peer by public key.
+   */
+  public async removeWgPeer(publicKey: string): Promise<void> {
+    await this.bridge.sendCommand('removeWgPeer', { publicKey });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * List WireGuard peers with stats.
+   */
+  public async listWgPeers(): Promise<IWgPeerInfo[]> {
+    const result = await this.bridge.sendCommand('listWgPeers', {} as Record<string, never>);
+    return result.peers;
+  }
+
+  // ── Client Registry (Hub) Methods ─────────────────────────────────────
+
+  /**
+   * Create a new client. Generates keypairs, assigns IP, returns full config bundle.
+   * The secrets (private keys) are only returned at creation time.
+   */
+  public async createClient(opts: Partial<IClientEntry>): Promise<IClientConfigBundle> {
+    return this.bridge.sendCommand('createClient', { client: opts });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Remove a registered client (also disconnects if connected).
+   */
+  public async removeClient(clientId: string): Promise<void> {
+    await this.bridge.sendCommand('removeClient', { clientId });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get a registered client by ID.
+   */
+  public async getClient(clientId: string): Promise<IClientEntry> {
+    return this.bridge.sendCommand('getClient', { clientId });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * List all registered clients.
+   */
+  public async listRegisteredClients(): Promise<IClientEntry[]> {
+    const result = await this.bridge.sendCommand('listRegisteredClients', {} as Record<string, never>);
+    return result.clients;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Update a registered client's fields (ACLs, tags, description, etc.).
+   */
+  public async updateClient(clientId: string, update: Partial<IClientEntry>): Promise<void> {
+    await this.bridge.sendCommand('updateClient', { clientId, update });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Enable a previously disabled client.
+   */
+  public async enableClient(clientId: string): Promise<void> {
+    await this.bridge.sendCommand('enableClient', { clientId });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Disable a client (also disconnects if connected).
+   */
+  public async disableClient(clientId: string): Promise<void> {
+    await this.bridge.sendCommand('disableClient', { clientId });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Rotate a client's keys. Returns a new config bundle with fresh keypairs.
+   */
+  public async rotateClientKey(clientId: string): Promise<IClientConfigBundle> {
+    return this.bridge.sendCommand('rotateClientKey', { clientId });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Export a client config (without secrets) in the specified format.
+   */
+  public async exportClientConfig(clientId: string, format: 'smartvpn' | 'wireguard'): Promise<string> {
+    const result = await this.bridge.sendCommand('exportClientConfig', { clientId, format });
+    return result.config;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Generate a standalone Noise IK keypair (not tied to a client).
+   */
+  public async generateClientKeypair(): Promise<IVpnKeypair> {
+    return this.bridge.sendCommand('generateClientKeypair', {} as Record<string, never>);
+  }
+
+  // ── TUN Destination Policy via nftables ──────────────────────────────
+
+  /**
+   * Set up nftables rules for TUN mode destination policy.
+   * Also starts a 60-second health check interval to re-apply if rules are removed externally.
+   */
+  private async setupTunDestinationPolicy(subnet: string, policy: IDestinationPolicy): Promise<void> {
+    this.nftSubnet = subnet;
+    this.nftPolicy = policy;
+    this.nft = new plugins.smartnftables.SmartNftables({
+      tableName: 'smartvpn_tun',
+      dryRun: process.getuid?.() !== 0,
+    });
+
+    await this.nft.initialize();
+    await this.applyDestinationPolicyRules();
+
+    // Health check: re-apply rules if they disappear
+    this.nftHealthInterval = setInterval(async () => {
+      if (!this.nft) return;
+      try {
+        const exists = await this.nft.tableExists();
+        if (!exists) {
+          console.warn('[smartvpn] nftables rules missing, re-applying destination policy');
+          this.nft = new plugins.smartnftables.SmartNftables({
+            tableName: 'smartvpn_tun',
+          });
+          await this.nft.initialize();
+          await this.applyDestinationPolicyRules();
+        }
+      } catch (err) {
+        console.warn(`[smartvpn] nftables health check failed: ${err}`);
+      }
+    }, 60_000);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Apply destination policy as nftables rules.
+   * Order: blockList (drop) → allowList (accept) → default action.
+   */
+  private async applyDestinationPolicyRules(): Promise<void> {
+    if (!this.nft || !this.nftSubnet || !this.nftPolicy) return;
+
+    const subnet = this.nftSubnet;
+    const policy = this.nftPolicy;
+    const family = 'ip';
+    const table = 'smartvpn_tun';
+    const commands: string[] = [];
+
+    // 1. Block list (deny wins — evaluated first)
+    if (policy.blockList) {
+      for (const dest of policy.blockList) {
+        commands.push(
+          `nft add rule ${family} ${table} prerouting ip saddr ${subnet} ip daddr ${dest} drop`
+        );
+      }
+    }
+
+    // 2. Allow list (pass through directly — skip DNAT)
+    if (policy.allowList) {
+      for (const dest of policy.allowList) {
+        commands.push(
+          `nft add rule ${family} ${table} prerouting ip saddr ${subnet} ip daddr ${dest} accept`
+        );
+      }
+    }
+
+    // 3. Default action
+    switch (policy.default) {
+      case 'forceTarget': {
+        const target = policy.target || '127.0.0.1';
+        commands.push(
+          `nft add rule ${family} ${table} prerouting ip saddr ${subnet} dnat to ${target}`
+        );
+        break;
+      }
+      case 'block':
+        commands.push(
+          `nft add rule ${family} ${table} prerouting ip saddr ${subnet} drop`
+        );
+        break;
+      case 'allow':
+        // No rule needed — kernel default allows
+        break;
+    }
+
+    if (commands.length > 0) {
+      await this.nft.applyRuleGroup('vpn-destination-policy', commands);
+    }
+  }
+
  /**
   * Stop the daemon bridge.
   */
  public stop(): void {
+    // Clean up nftables rules
+    if (this.nftHealthInterval) {
+      clearInterval(this.nftHealthInterval);
+      this.nftHealthInterval = undefined;
+    }
+    if (this.nft) {
+      this.nft.cleanup().catch(() => {}); // best-effort cleanup
+      this.nft = undefined;
+    }
    this.bridge.stop();
  }

--- a/ts/smartvpn.classes.wgconfig.ts
+++ b/ts/smartvpn.classes.wgconfig.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+import type { IWgPeerConfig } from './smartvpn.interfaces.js';
+
+// ============================================================================
+// WireGuard .conf file generator
+// ============================================================================
+
+export interface IWgClientConfOptions {
+  /** Client private key (base64) */
+  privateKey: string;
+  /** Client TUN address with prefix (e.g. 10.8.0.2/24) */
+  address: string;
+  /** DNS servers */
+  dns?: string[];
+  /** TUN MTU */
+  mtu?: number;
+  /** Server peer config */
+  peer: {
+    publicKey: string;
+    presharedKey?: string;
+    endpoint: string;
+    allowedIps: string[];
+    persistentKeepalive?: number;
+  };
+}
+
+export interface IWgServerConfOptions {
+  /** Server private key (base64) */
+  privateKey: string;
+  /** Server TUN address with prefix (e.g. 10.8.0.1/24) */
+  address: string;
+  /** UDP listen port */
+  listenPort: number;
+  /** DNS servers */
+  dns?: string[];
+  /** TUN MTU */
+  mtu?: number;
+  /** Enable NAT — adds PostUp/PostDown iptables rules */
+  enableNat?: boolean;
+  /** Network interface for NAT (e.g. eth0). Auto-detected if omitted. */
+  natInterface?: string;
+  /** Configured peers */
+  peers: IWgPeerConfig[];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Generates standard WireGuard .conf files compatible with wg-quick,
+ * WireGuard iOS/Android apps, and other standard WireGuard clients.
+ */
+export class WgConfigGenerator {
+  /**
+   * Generate a client .conf file content.
+   */
+  public static generateClientConfig(opts: IWgClientConfOptions): string {
+    const lines: string[] = [];
+
+    lines.push('[Interface]');
+    lines.push(`PrivateKey = ${opts.privateKey}`);
+    lines.push(`Address = ${opts.address}`);
+    if (opts.dns && opts.dns.length > 0) {
+      lines.push(`DNS = ${opts.dns.join(', ')}`);
+    }
+    if (opts.mtu) {
+      lines.push(`MTU = ${opts.mtu}`);
+    }
+
+    lines.push('');
+    lines.push('[Peer]');
+    lines.push(`PublicKey = ${opts.peer.publicKey}`);
+    if (opts.peer.presharedKey) {
+      lines.push(`PresharedKey = ${opts.peer.presharedKey}`);
+    }
+    lines.push(`Endpoint = ${opts.peer.endpoint}`);
+    lines.push(`AllowedIPs = ${opts.peer.allowedIps.join(', ')}`);
+    if (opts.peer.persistentKeepalive) {
+      lines.push(`PersistentKeepalive = ${opts.peer.persistentKeepalive}`);
+    }
+
+    lines.push('');
+    return lines.join('\n');
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Generate a server .conf file content.
+   */
+  public static generateServerConfig(opts: IWgServerConfOptions): string {
+    const lines: string[] = [];
+
+    lines.push('[Interface]');
+    lines.push(`PrivateKey = ${opts.privateKey}`);
+    lines.push(`Address = ${opts.address}`);
+    lines.push(`ListenPort = ${opts.listenPort}`);
+    if (opts.dns && opts.dns.length > 0) {
+      lines.push(`DNS = ${opts.dns.join(', ')}`);
+    }
+    if (opts.mtu) {
+      lines.push(`MTU = ${opts.mtu}`);
+    }
+    if (opts.enableNat) {
+      const iface = opts.natInterface || 'eth0';
+      lines.push(`PostUp = iptables -A FORWARD -i %i -j ACCEPT; iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o ${iface} -j MASQUERADE`);
+      lines.push(`PostDown = iptables -D FORWARD -i %i -j ACCEPT; iptables -t nat -D POSTROUTING -o ${iface} -j MASQUERADE`);
+    }
+
+    for (const peer of opts.peers) {
+      lines.push('');
+      lines.push('[Peer]');
+      lines.push(`PublicKey = ${peer.publicKey}`);
+      if (peer.presharedKey) {
+        lines.push(`PresharedKey = ${peer.presharedKey}`);
+      }
+      lines.push(`AllowedIPs = ${peer.allowedIps.join(', ')}`);
+      if (peer.endpoint) {
+        lines.push(`Endpoint = ${peer.endpoint}`);
+      }
+      if (peer.persistentKeepalive) {
+        lines.push(`PersistentKeepalive = ${peer.persistentKeepalive}`);
+      }
+    }
+
+    lines.push('');
+    return lines.join('\n');
+  }
+}
--- a/ts/smartvpn.interfaces.ts
+++ b/ts/smartvpn.interfaces.ts
@@ -24,18 +24,41 @@ export type TVpnTransportOptions = IVpnTransportStdio | IVpnTransportSocket;
 export interface IVpnClientConfig {
  /** Server WebSocket URL, e.g. wss://vpn.example.com/tunnel */
  serverUrl: string;
-  /** Server's static public key (base64) for Noise NK handshake */
+  /** Server's static public key (base64) for Noise IK handshake */
  serverPublicKey: string;
+  /** Client's Noise IK private key (base64) — required for SmartVPN native transport */
+  clientPrivateKey: string;
+  /** Client's Noise IK public key (base64) — for reference/display */
+  clientPublicKey: string;
  /** Optional DNS servers to use while connected */
  dns?: string[];
  /** Optional MTU for the TUN device */
  mtu?: number;
  /** Keepalive interval in seconds (default: 30) */
  keepaliveIntervalSecs?: number;
-  /** Transport protocol: 'auto' (default, tries QUIC then WS), 'websocket', or 'quic' */
-  transport?: 'auto' | 'websocket' | 'quic';
+  /** Transport protocol: 'auto' (default, tries QUIC then WS), 'websocket', 'quic', or 'wireguard' */
+  transport?: 'auto' | 'websocket' | 'quic' | 'wireguard';
  /** For QUIC: SHA-256 hash of server certificate (base64) for cert pinning */
  serverCertHash?: string;
+  /** Forwarding mode: 'tun' (TUN device, requires root) or 'testing' (no TUN).
+   *  Default: 'testing'. */
+  forwardingMode?: 'tun' | 'testing';
+  /** WireGuard: client private key (base64, X25519) */
+  wgPrivateKey?: string;
+  /** WireGuard: client TUN address (e.g. 10.8.0.2) */
+  wgAddress?: string;
+  /** WireGuard: client TUN address prefix length (default: 24) */
+  wgAddressPrefix?: number;
+  /** WireGuard: preshared key (base64, optional) */
+  wgPresharedKey?: string;
+  /** WireGuard: persistent keepalive interval in seconds */
+  wgPersistentKeepalive?: number;
+  /** WireGuard: server endpoint (host:port, e.g. vpn.example.com:51820) */
+  wgEndpoint?: string;
+  /** WireGuard: allowed IPs (CIDR strings, e.g. ['0.0.0.0/0']) */
+  wgAllowedIps?: string[];
+  /** Client-defined tags reported to the server after connection (informational, not for access control) */
+  clientDefinedClientTags?: string[];
 }

 export interface IVpnClientOptions {
@@ -68,16 +91,61 @@ export interface IVpnServerConfig {
  keepaliveIntervalSecs?: number;
  /** Enable NAT/masquerade for client traffic */
  enableNat?: boolean;
+  /** Forwarding mode: 'tun' (kernel TUN, requires root), 'socket' (userspace NAT),
+   *  or 'testing' (monitoring only). Default: 'testing'. */
+  forwardingMode?: 'tun' | 'socket' | 'testing';
  /** Default rate limit for new clients (bytes/sec). Omit for unlimited. */
  defaultRateLimitBytesPerSec?: number;
  /** Default burst size for new clients (bytes). Omit for unlimited. */
  defaultBurstBytes?: number;
-  /** Transport mode: 'both' (default, WS+QUIC), 'websocket', or 'quic' */
-  transportMode?: 'websocket' | 'quic' | 'both';
+  /** Transport mode: 'all' (default, WS+QUIC+WG if configured), 'both' (WS+QUIC),
+   *  'websocket', 'quic', or 'wireguard' */
+  transportMode?: 'websocket' | 'quic' | 'both' | 'all' | 'wireguard';
  /** QUIC listen address (host:port). Defaults to listenAddr. */
  quicListenAddr?: string;
  /** QUIC idle timeout in seconds (default: 30) */
  quicIdleTimeoutSecs?: number;
+  /** WireGuard: server X25519 private key (base64). Required when transport includes WG. */
+  wgPrivateKey?: string;
+  /** WireGuard: UDP listen port (default: 51820) */
+  wgListenPort?: number;
+  /** WireGuard: configured peers */
+  wgPeers?: IWgPeerConfig[];
+  /** Pre-registered clients for Noise IK authentication */
+  clients?: IClientEntry[];
+  /** Enable PROXY protocol v2 on incoming WebSocket connections.
+   *  Required when behind a reverse proxy that sends PP v2 headers (HAProxy, SmartProxy).
+   *  SECURITY: Must be false when accepting direct client connections. */
+  proxyProtocol?: boolean;
+  /** Server-level IP block list — applied at TCP accept, before Noise handshake.
+   *  Supports exact IPs, CIDR, wildcards, ranges. */
+  connectionIpBlockList?: string[];
+  /** When true and forwardingMode is 'socket', the userspace NAT engine prepends
+   *  PROXY protocol v2 headers on outbound TCP connections, conveying the VPN client's
+   *  tunnel IP as the source address. This allows downstream services (e.g. SmartProxy)
+   *  to see the real VPN client identity instead of 127.0.0.1. */
+  socketForwardProxyProtocol?: boolean;
+  /** Destination routing policy for VPN client traffic (socket mode).
+   *  Controls where decrypted traffic goes: allow through, block, or redirect to a target.
+   *  Default: all traffic passes through (backward compatible). */
+  destinationPolicy?: IDestinationPolicy;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Destination routing policy for VPN client traffic.
+ * Evaluated per-packet in the NAT engine before per-client ACLs.
+ */
+export interface IDestinationPolicy {
+  /** Default action for traffic not matching allow/block lists */
+  default: 'forceTarget' | 'block' | 'allow';
+  /** Target IP address for 'forceTarget' mode (e.g. '127.0.0.1'). Required when default is 'forceTarget'. */
+  target?: string;
+  /** Destinations that pass through directly — not rewritten, not blocked.
+   *  Supports: exact IP, CIDR, wildcards (192.168.190.*), ranges. */
+  allowList?: string[];
+  /** Destinations that are always blocked. Overrides allowList (deny wins).
+   *  Supports: exact IP, CIDR, wildcards, ranges. */
+  blockList?: string[];
 }

 export interface IVpnServerOptions {
@@ -128,6 +196,14 @@ export interface IVpnClientInfo {
  keepalivesReceived: number;
  rateLimitBytesPerSec?: number;
  burstBytes?: number;
+  /** Client's authenticated Noise IK public key (base64) */
+  authenticatedKey: string;
+  /** Registered client ID from the client registry */
+  registeredClientId: string;
+  /** Real client IP:port (from PROXY protocol or direct TCP connection) */
+  remoteAddr?: string;
+  /** Transport used: "websocket", "quic", or "wireguard" */
+  transportType: string;
 }

 export interface IVpnServerStatistics extends IVpnStatistics {
@@ -187,6 +263,117 @@ export interface IVpnClientTelemetry {
  burstBytes?: number;
 }

+// ============================================================================
+// Client Registry (Hub) types — aligned with SmartProxy IRouteSecurity pattern
+// ============================================================================
+
+/** Per-client rate limiting. */
+export interface IClientRateLimit {
+  /** Max throughput in bytes/sec */
+  bytesPerSec: number;
+  /** Burst allowance in bytes */
+  burstBytes: number;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Per-client security settings.
+ * Mirrors SmartProxy's IRouteSecurity: ipAllowList/ipBlockList naming + deny-overrides-allow.
+ * Adds VPN-specific destination filtering.
+ */
+export interface IClientSecurity {
+  /** Source IPs/CIDRs the client may connect FROM (empty = any).
+   *  Supports: exact IP, CIDR, wildcard (192.168.1.*), ranges (1.1.1.1-1.1.1.5). */
+  ipAllowList?: string[];
+  /** Source IPs blocked — overrides ipAllowList (deny wins). */
+  ipBlockList?: string[];
+  /** Destination IPs/CIDRs the client may reach through the VPN (empty = all). */
+  destinationAllowList?: string[];
+  /** Destination IPs blocked — overrides destinationAllowList (deny wins). */
+  destinationBlockList?: string[];
+  /** Max concurrent connections from this client. */
+  maxConnections?: number;
+  /** Per-client rate limiting. */
+  rateLimit?: IClientRateLimit;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Server-side client definition — the central config object for the Hub.
+ * Naming and structure aligned with SmartProxy's IRouteConfig / IRouteSecurity.
+ */
+export interface IClientEntry {
+  /** Human-readable client ID (e.g. "alice-laptop") */
+  clientId: string;
+  /** Client's Noise IK public key (base64) — for SmartVPN native transport */
+  publicKey: string;
+  /** Client's WireGuard public key (base64) — for WireGuard transport */
+  wgPublicKey?: string;
+  /** Security settings (ACLs, rate limits) */
+  security?: IClientSecurity;
+  /** Traffic priority (lower = higher priority, default: 100) */
+  priority?: number;
+  /** Whether this client is enabled (default: true) */
+  enabled?: boolean;
+  /** Tags assigned by the server admin — trusted, used for access control (e.g. ["engineering", "office"]) */
+  serverDefinedClientTags?: string[];
+  /** Tags reported by the connecting client — informational only, never used for access control */
+  clientDefinedClientTags?: string[];
+  /** @deprecated Use serverDefinedClientTags instead. Legacy field kept for backward compatibility. */
+  tags?: string[];
+  /** Optional description */
+  description?: string;
+  /** Optional expiry (ISO 8601 timestamp, omit = never expires) */
+  expiresAt?: string;
+  /** Assigned VPN IP address (set by server) */
+  assignedIp?: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Complete client config bundle — returned by createClient() and rotateClientKey().
+ * Contains everything the client needs to connect.
+ */
+export interface IClientConfigBundle {
+  /** The server-side client entry */
+  entry: IClientEntry;
+  /** Ready-to-use SmartVPN client config (typed object) */
+  smartvpnConfig: IVpnClientConfig;
+  /** Ready-to-use WireGuard .conf file content (string) */
+  wireguardConfig: string;
+  /** Client's private keys (ONLY returned at creation time, not stored server-side) */
+  secrets: {
+    noisePrivateKey: string;
+    wgPrivateKey: string;
+  };
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// WireGuard-specific types
+// ============================================================================
+
+export interface IWgPeerConfig {
+  /** Peer's public key (base64, X25519) */
+  publicKey: string;
+  /** Optional preshared key (base64) */
+  presharedKey?: string;
+  /** Allowed IP ranges (CIDR strings) */
+  allowedIps: string[];
+  /** Peer endpoint (host:port) — optional for server peers, required for client */
+  endpoint?: string;
+  /** Persistent keepalive interval in seconds */
+  persistentKeepalive?: number;
+}
+
+export interface IWgPeerInfo {
+  publicKey: string;
+  allowedIps: string[];
+  endpoint?: string;
+  persistentKeepalive?: number;
+  bytesSent: number;
+  bytesReceived: number;
+  packetsSent: number;
+  packetsReceived: number;
+  lastHandshakeTime?: string;
+}
+
 // ============================================================================
 // IPC Command maps (used by smartrust RustBridge<TCommands>)
 // ============================================================================
@@ -211,6 +398,21 @@ export type TVpnServerCommands = {
  setClientRateLimit: { params: { clientId: string; rateBytesPerSec: number; burstBytes: number }; result: void };
  removeClientRateLimit: { params: { clientId: string }; result: void };
  getClientTelemetry: { params: { clientId: string }; result: IVpnClientTelemetry };
+  generateWgKeypair: { params: Record<string, never>; result: IVpnKeypair };
+  addWgPeer: { params: { peer: IWgPeerConfig }; result: void };
+  removeWgPeer: { params: { publicKey: string }; result: void };
+  listWgPeers: { params: Record<string, never>; result: { peers: IWgPeerInfo[] } };
+  // Client Registry (Hub) commands
+  createClient: { params: { client: Partial<IClientEntry> }; result: IClientConfigBundle };
+  removeClient: { params: { clientId: string }; result: void };
+  getClient: { params: { clientId: string }; result: IClientEntry };
+  listRegisteredClients: { params: Record<string, never>; result: { clients: IClientEntry[] } };
+  updateClient: { params: { clientId: string; update: Partial<IClientEntry> }; result: void };
+  enableClient: { params: { clientId: string }; result: void };
+  disableClient: { params: { clientId: string }; result: void };
+  rotateClientKey: { params: { clientId: string }; result: IClientConfigBundle };
+  exportClientConfig: { params: { clientId: string; format: 'smartvpn' | 'wireguard' }; result: { config: string } };
+  generateClientKeypair: { params: Record<string, never>; result: IVpnKeypair };
 };

 // ============================================================================
--- a/ts/smartvpn.plugins.ts
+++ b/ts/smartvpn.plugins.ts
@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@ import * as events from 'events';
 export { path, fs, os, url, events };

 // @push.rocks
+import * as smartnftables from '@push.rocks/smartnftables';
 import * as smartpath from '@push.rocks/smartpath';
 import * as smartrust from '@push.rocks/smartrust';

-export { smartpath, smartrust };
+export { smartnftables, smartpath, smartrust };
--- a/tsconfig.json
+++ b/tsconfig.json
@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@
    "module": "NodeNext",
    "moduleResolution": "NodeNext",
    "esModuleInterop": true,
-    "verbatimModuleSyntax": true
+    "verbatimModuleSyntax": true,
+    "types": ["node"]
  },
  "exclude": [
    "dist_ts/**/*.d.ts"
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Juergen Kunz	cfa91fd419	v1.15.0	2026-03-30 14:32:02 +00:00
Juergen Kunz	8eb26e1920	feat(vpnserver): add nftables-backed destination policy enforcement for TUN mode	2026-03-30 14:32:02 +00:00
Juergen Kunz	e513f8686b	v1.14.0	2026-03-30 12:52:17 +00:00
Juergen Kunz	e06667b298	feat(nat): add destination routing policy support for socket-mode VPN traffic	2026-03-30 12:52:17 +00:00
Juergen Kunz	c3afb83470	v1.13.0	2026-03-30 09:42:04 +00:00
Juergen Kunz	2d7a507cf2	feat(client-registry): separate trusted server-defined client tags from client-reported tags with legacy tag compatibility	2026-03-30 09:42:04 +00:00
Juergen Kunz	a757a4bb73	v1.12.0	2026-03-30 07:13:49 +00:00
Juergen Kunz	5bf21ab4ac	feat(server): add optional PROXY protocol v2 headers for socket-based userspace NAT forwarding	2026-03-30 07:13:49 +00:00
Juergen Kunz	af46dc9b39	v1.11.0	2026-03-30 06:52:20 +00:00
Juergen Kunz	79d9928485	feat(server): unify WireGuard into the shared server transport pipeline	2026-03-30 06:52:20 +00:00
Juergen Kunz	70e838c8ff	v1.10.2	2026-03-30 00:03:46 +00:00
Juergen Kunz	dbcfdb1fb6	fix(client): wait for the connection task to shut down cleanly before disconnecting and increase test timeout	2026-03-30 00:03:46 +00:00
Juergen Kunz	c97beed6e0	v1.10.1	2026-03-29 23:41:31 +00:00
Juergen Kunz	c3cc237db5	fix(test, docs, scripts): correct test command verbosity, shorten load test timings, and document forwarding modes	2026-03-29 23:41:31 +00:00
Juergen Kunz	17c27a92d6	v1.10.0	2026-03-29 23:33:44 +00:00
Juergen Kunz	9d105e8034	feat(rust-server, rust-client, ts-interfaces): add configurable packet forwarding with TUN and userspace NAT modes	2026-03-29 23:33:44 +00:00
Juergen Kunz	e9cf575271	v1.9.0	2026-03-29 17:40:55 +00:00
Juergen Kunz	229db4be38	feat(server): add PROXY protocol v2 support for real client IP handling and connection ACLs	2026-03-29 17:40:55 +00:00
Juergen Kunz	e31086d0c2	v1.8.0	2026-03-29 17:04:27 +00:00
Juergen Kunz	01a0d8b9f4	feat(auth,client-registry): add Noise IK client authentication with managed client registry and per-client ACL controls	2026-03-29 17:04:27 +00:00
Juergen Kunz	187a69028b	enterprise readiness step 1	2026-03-29 15:54:39 +00:00
Juergen Kunz	64dedd389e	v1.7.0	2026-03-29 15:46:32 +00:00
Juergen Kunz	13d8cbe3fa	feat(rust-tests): add end-to-end WireGuard UDP integration tests and align TypeScript build configuration	2026-03-29 15:46:32 +00:00
Juergen Kunz	f46ea70286	v1.6.0	2026-03-29 15:25:22 +00:00
Juergen Kunz	26ee3634c8	feat(readme): document WireGuard transport support, configuration, and usage examples	2026-03-29 15:25:22 +00:00
Juergen Kunz	049fa00563	v1.5.0	2026-03-29 15:24:41 +00:00
Juergen Kunz	e4e59d72f9	feat(wireguard): add WireGuard transport support with management APIs and config generation	2026-03-29 15:24:41 +00:00